A small brown bat, covered in fur except for its legs, ears and snout. Its mouth is open wide, showing its pink tongue and tiny fangs.

A little brown bat, once the most abundant species of bat in the eastern United States; white nose syndrome, a cave-dwelling fungus, has decimated their population.

Bob Pool/Getty Images

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Bob Pool/Getty Images

We’re easing you into Halloween season with an episode about bats. There’s a silent serial killer decimating little brown bats as they hibernate. White nose syndrome has driven populations across the U.S. to almost the brink of extinction over the last decade. But recently, conservation biologist Giorgia Auteri and her team noticed several genetic mutations in the survivors. These mutations could explain how natural selection has shifted the existing population – and inform conservation efforts in the future.

Interested in more animal science? Email us your question at shortwave@npr.org.

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This episode was produced by Hannah Chinn. It was edited by Rebecca Ramirez and Lauren Gonzalez. Tyler Jones checked the facts. The audio engineer was Annlie Huang.