Because pneumonia can escalate fast, spotting early warning signs is critical. If you or someone older begins showing these symptoms — especially after a respiratory infection — immediate medical attention is imperative.
Persistent cough: A cough that doesn’t improve, especially when producing mucus (colored sputum) or blood-tinged phlegm.
Fever, chills, sweats: Sudden or high fever, rigors (shaking chills), night sweats — more intense than typical cold fevers.
Shortness of breath or rapid breathing: Feeling out of breath while doing simple activities, or noticeable, quick, or shallow breathing.
Chest pain: Sharp or stabbing pain in the chest, especially when breathing deeply or coughing.
Confusion or altered mental state: Particularly in older adults, sudden confusion, lethargy, or decreased alertness can be a sign that pneumonia is affecting oxygen delivery to the brain.
Fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite: Greater-than-usual tiredness, exhaustion, or unwillingness to eat are indicators of the severity of the illness.
Lower oxygen levels: In advanced cases, cyanosis (bluish lips or fingertips), low oxygen saturation (if measured), or a bluish tinge might follow.
If one or more aforementioned signs appear — or if symptoms worsen rapidly — one should seek medical evaluation immediately.