“Earth can no longer sustain the development model based on the intensive use of fossil fuels that has prevailed over the past 200 years,” Lula told world leaders in Belem, where the UN climate talks are taking place.
Brazil has stressed each country would pursue its own course to “transition away from fossil fuels” – a pact made by all nations at a previous COP in Dubai in 2023.
Lula is presiding over the world’s top climate negotiations weeks after his Government approved new oil drilling in the Amazon region.
Earlier this week he told AFP and other outlets that “it’s not easy” for countries to reduce fossil fuels, but that the subject could be approached through a “roadmap” developed at COP30.
Rwanda’s Environment Minister Bernadette Arakwiye told delegates they face a stark choice.
“We can continue with incremental progress while the planet burns, or we can rise to meet the scale of this crisis,” she said.
“The fossil fuel era is drawing to a close. We must now ensure the transition is just, inclusive and equitable.”
‘Fossil age ending’
The absence of leaders from the world’s biggest polluters, including the United States, where President Donald Trump has dismissed climate science as a “con job”, cast a shadow over talks, but also catalysed calls for greater mobilisation.
Spain’s Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez speaks during the “Belem Climate Summit” as part of COP30 Brazil Amazonia 2025. Photo / Getty Images
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez told the summit his country was moving forward with others to tax premium-class flights and private jets, one major source of heat-trapping emissions.
“It is only fair that those who have more and pollute more should pay their fair share,” he said.
UN chief Antonio Guterres said global investment in renewable energy reached US$2 trillion ($3.6t) in 2024 – US$800 million more than polluting forms of energy.
UN chief Antonio Guterres predicts the world will fail to keep global warming below 1.5C. Photo / Getty Images
“The fossil fuel age is ending,” he told an event in Belem, a rainforest city on the edge of the Amazon.
Guterres warned Friday the world would fail to keep global warming below 1.5C – the Paris Agreement’s primary target – but must keep to a minimum any overshoot before returning temperatures below this safer limit.
Despite this, climate change has slipped down the agenda as nations grapple with economic pressures, trade disputes and wars, as well as the Trump administration aggressively pushing for more fossil fuels.
Roadmap support
Lula lamented the “pressure and threats” that led the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) to postpone a plan to curb shipping emissions, and also spoke of the need to pursue alternative fuels for transport and industry, including ethanol.
Nearly 200 countries will gather at the gates of the Amazon rainforest for a new round of United Nations-sponsored climate talks in Brazil. Photo / Getty Images
And the latest round of negotiations to agree a world-first treaty on plastic – a byproduct of oil and gas manufactured by petrochemical companies – collapsed in August.
The idea of phasing out hydrocarbons is gaining traction in Europe. Despite their divisions, EU countries noted they have reduced greenhouse gas emissions for more than three decades and are aiming for a 90% cut by 2040.
Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (centre) gives the thumbs up alongside heads of state and representatives in Belem. Photo / Mauro Pimentel, AFP
Lula’s “roadmap” presented on day one of the summit – a pathway to halting deforestation, reducing fossil fuel use and finding the money to achieve those goals – was applauded from the floor.
A formal anti-fossil fuel decision in Belem is unlikely, given the requirement for consensus among nearly 200 countries attending the conference.
Still, COP30 will put a spotlight on countries’ voluntary pledges and their implementation, which could lead to fresh announcements on methane – a “super pollutant” and the main component of natural gas, prone to leaking from pipelines and installations.
– Agence France-Presse