COVID is the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2). The virus is spread via infectious aerosols, exhaled by an infected person who may or may not display any symptoms (about half of transmission is presymptomatic or asymptomatic). The virus floats in the air like smoke and can linger in the air for hours, even after the infected person has left the room. Anyone, regardless of vaccination status, can be infected and spread the virus.

COVID is not “just a cold.” The initial infection may appear “mild,” but its consequences can be significant and life-altering, regardless of the age of the infected child or adult. Even asymptomatic infections can have long-term repercussions. Although the virus infects the body via the respiratory tract, it enters the vascular system, attacking blood vessels throughout the body and causing organ damage. It can also affect the brain, leading to “brain fog” and increasing the risk of other serious neurological consequences like dementia and psychiatric diagnoses. It also weakens the immune system, making the person more susceptible to other infections. 

Long COVID is the term to encompass the complex breadth of complications that can result from a SARS-CoV-2 infection that can be cognitive, cardiovascular, pulmonary, immunological, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, musculoskeletal, reproductive, psychiatric and more. Long COVID is a major cause of chronic illness and disability. The more times a person is infected, the greater their chances of developing Long COVID or other long-term symptoms. There is no specific treatment or cure for Long COVID. Not getting COVID is the only way to prevent Long COVID. 

COVID Symptoms

Symptoms of a COVID infection can include muscle pains, sore throat, diarrhea, vomiting, rashes, conjunctivitis, fever, loss of smell and cough. A person can be contagious for a few days before any symptoms appear, or they might not display or feel any symptoms. 

Preventing COVID

Reduce possible health damage by avoiding infection and reinfection. Preventing COVID is possible.

Last reviewed on
November 19, 2025