The Barbados threadsnake (Photo by Connor Blades)

The world’s smallest snake was rediscovered under a rock in central Barbados during an ecological survey in March.

The Barbados threadsnake (Tetracheilostoma carlae) had been lost to science for nearly 20 years—meaning it had not had a sighting verified and documented by a scientist—and was on a global list of 4,800 plant, animal, and fungi species lost to science compiled by Re:wild’s Search for Lost Species.

At the limit of how small a snake can be, the species measures only about 3 to 4 inches long (9 to 10 centimeters) when fully grown. Each confirmed sighting of the species has had several decades between them, leading scientists to believe that the snake has possibly always been rare and difficult to find in the wild.

The Barbados Ministry of the Environment and Beautification had been searching for the threadsnake and several other endemic reptiles for more than a year as part of the Conserving Barbados’ Endemic Reptiles (CBER) project.

“Barbados threadsnakes are blind snakes, so they’re very cryptic,” said Connor Blades, a project officer with the ministry, who helped rediscover the animal and photograph it.

“They’re quite rare also, it seems. There have only been a handful of confirmed sightings since 1889, so there are not many people who have ever seen it, unfortunately.”

The threadsnake closely resembles the Brahminy blind snake, or flowerpot snake, a small invasive snake species that was inadvertently introduced to Barbados in recent decades.

“I began to look over the snake and it was clear to me that I really needed to take it to a microscope to get a proper look at it,” said Blades. “The morphological differences between the threadsnake and blind snake are really difficult to tell by eye, particularly because it was the first threadsnake we had seen, so we weren’t familiar with the species yet.”

Justin Springer, Caribbean program officer for Re:wild, supported Blades’ search effort. They began by looking under rocks, one of which caught their attention.

“I was making a joke and in my head I said, ‘I smell a threadsnake,’” said Springer. “I just had a feeling, but I couldn’t be sure because we turned over a lot of rocks before that and we saw nothing.”

Blades loosened the rock from under the tree root and pulled it up. Underneath the rock was an earthworm and a tiny snake. Springer quickly picked up the snake to take a closer look.

“When you are so accustomed to looking for things and you don’t see them, you are shocked when you actually find it,” said Springer. “You can’t believe it. That’s how I felt. You don’t want to get your hopes up too high.”

BARBADOS STORIES: Visionary Fuels First Car Powered By Seaweed Piling Up on Beaches That Reduces Tourism

Blades took the snake to the University of the West Indies and examined it under a microscope before returning the reptile back to the forest in central Barbados. It had all the characteristics of a threadsnake—pale orange dorsal lines running from its head to tail, eyes located on the side of its head, a rostral scale on its nose, and no gland lines on its head.

Forests, like the one in which the threadsnake was rediscovered, only cover a small area of Barbados. They are mostly confined to the undeveloped Scotland District and the network of gullies that radiate through the island.

MORE CARIBBEAN WILDLIFE: Almost Extinct Caribbean Lizard Makes a Comeback After Island Restoration

“It’s an important reservoir for biodiversity on the island,” said Blades. “If the threadsnake population isn’t very dense, I’m worried about their ability to find mates—particularly if their habitat is under threat and being degraded.”

“The threadsnake’s rediscovery is also a call to all of us as Barbadians that forests in Barbados are very special and need protection,” said Springer. “Not just for the threadsnake, but for other species as well. For plants, animals and our heritage.”

SLITHER OVER To Your Friends’ Walls And Share This News Story…