Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, or CIDP, is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath, a lipid-rich protective layer that covers and insulates the peripheral nerves. Although CIDP is rare and affects only two to three individuals per 100,000, those diagnosed with the disease face significant challenges due to progressive muscle weakness and loss of mobility.
In a recent Journal of Lipid Research study, Kristina auf dem Brinke of the University Medical Center Göttingen and a team of researchers identified biomarkers of this devastating disease by comparing plasma lipid profiles of CIDP patients with those of patients diagnosed with non-demyelinating neurological disorders. The team used high-throughput shotgun lipidomics, a technique that allows researchers to simultaneously identify and measure large numbers of lipid molecules in a sample, to analyze 669 lipid species across 15 classes. Results showed that CIDP patients had elevated levels of diacylglycerol, or DAG. In addition, lipid subspecies, including DAG, triacylglycerol, and ether-linked phosphatidylcholine, correlated with increased disease activity in patients of this discovery trial. Other lipid subspecies like phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin and cholesterol ester were also linked to disease severity and clinical disability.
These findings suggest that CIDP is associated with distinct lipid signatures. The researchers plan to validate these preliminary results in a larger patient cohort, with the goal of developing more precise and personalized treatments.