Colombia, a member of the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative<\/a>, announced plans to host a first international conference on the phase out of fossil fuels in April next year.<\/p>\n A new UN Environment Programme report<\/a> showed that emissions of methane, a very potent greenhouse gas, are still rising, though at a slightly slower rate than before.<\/p>\n Vicente Fernandes Vilhalva, an Indigenous Guarani Kaiow\u00e1 leader, was shot dead on Sunday morning, confirming Brazil\u2019s inglorious record as among the deadliest countries for land rights and environmental defenders.<\/p>\n My colleague Ajit Niranjan will be back with you in the morning for day eight. Until then, get some rest, there\u2019s still a way to go. Descanse um pouco, ainda h\u00e1 um longo caminho a percorrer.<\/p>\n Share<\/a><\/p>\n Absolutely terrible news of another Indigenous land defender killed in Brazil<\/a>.<\/p>\n Vicente Fernandes Vilhalva, a 36-year-old Guarani Kaiow\u00e1 leader, was shot dead on Sunday morning. Four others were reportedly injured in the attack by a group of armed assailants on Pyelito Kue, a community of Guarani Kaiow\u00e1 people who recently reoccupied part of their ancestral land in southern Brazil. This is the fourth assault against the Pyelito Kue community in recent weeks, where disputes with ranchers over their ancestral land go back decades, according to Survival International.<\/a><\/p>\n A community member speaking anonymously, told Rep\u00f3rter Brasil:<\/p>\n We were surrounded. The gunmen didn\u2019t come to talk, they just started shooting. We have no weapons, we have no chance of defending ourselves. We retreated and went to the village, but they kept shooting\u2026. They burned everything in the reclaimed area: our shacks, pots, chairs…\u201d<\/p>\n A statement by the Guarani Kaiow\u00e1 organization Aty Guasu said:<\/p>\n We, the Guarani Kaiow\u00e1 Indigenous peoples, condemn the attacks that took place in Tekoha Pyelito Kue, which resulted in the murder of a leader. Our struggle is for life, for land, and for \u2018Tekoha Guasu\u2019 (our complete ancestral territory). We no longer accept being treated as invaders on our own land.\u201d<\/p>\n Latin America is the deadliest region in the world for land rights and environmental defenders, accounting for 82% of those killed in 2024 – including 12 in Brazil, according to Global Witness.<\/a><\/p>\n The killing of Vicente Fernandes Vilhalva comes amid mounting anger at the deployment of armed security forces to the Cop30<\/a> venue in response to Indigenous-led peaceful protests demanding to have their struggles over land and water be heard.<\/p>\n Share<\/a><\/p>\n Updated at\u00a015.33 EST<\/p>\n My colleague Damian Carrington, the Guardian environment editor, has been doing some very serious field work. Here are his important tongue-in-cheek ratings of the national pavilions \u2013 where countries set out their climate wares and hold events. The pavilions are very varied in style and size, and they cost a lot to rent, giving rich nations an advantage.<\/p>\n UK: Union flag is present and correct, and a red-faced man on TV, plus surprisingly good (Brazilian) coffee.<\/p>\n UK pavilion Photograph: Damian Carrington\/The Guardian<\/p>\n Malaysia: Real plants – a treat in the windowless, soulless conference centre.<\/p>\n Malaysia pavilion Photograph: Damian Carrington\/The Guardian<\/p>\n Indonesia: Dull pavilion, awesome outfits.<\/p>\n Indonesia pavilion Photograph: Damian Carrington\/The Guardian<\/p>\n Azerbaijan: All glitz and no content. A bit like Cop29.<\/p>\n Azerbaijan pavilion Photograph: Damian Carrington\/The Guardian<\/p>\n Italy: They seem to have recreated some ugly Roman steps. But then places to sit are scarce at Cops, so clever.<\/p>\n Italia Photograph: Damian Carrington\/The Guardian<\/p>\n Germany: A kind of wooden fort. No-one knows why.<\/p>\n Germany pavilion Photograph: Damian Carrington\/The Guardian<\/p>\n Turkey: Awkwardly sited next to Australia, its rival to host Cop31. Winning the pavilion game by giving out pretty tote bags and having a calligrapher to beautifully write your name.<\/p>\n Turkey pavilion Photograph: Damian Carrington\/The Guardian<\/p>\n China: Enormous as you\u2019d expect. And with its own great wall.<\/p>\n China pavilion Photograph: Damian Carrington\/The Guardian<\/p>\n Singapore: Genuinely pretty!<\/p>\n Singapore pavilion Photograph: Damian Carrington\/The Guardian<\/p>\n The research will continue tomorrow\u2026<\/p>\n Share<\/a><\/p>\n Updated at\u00a015.12 EST<\/p>\n Hundreds of human rights organisations and environmental groups have accused the UN climate chief Simon Stiell of encouraging a crackdown on Indigenous people at the Cop30<\/a> climate talks in Bel\u00e9m.<\/p>\n An open letter signed by 201 groups said Stiell\u2019s demand that security be beefed up<\/a> following a protest at the summit last Tuesday<\/a> had led to a militarised \u201csilencing of dissent\u201d and the \u201cmarginalisation of those defending land and the environment\u201d. It said:<\/p>\n The consequence of [your] letter has been a massive escalation of security force presence in and around Cop30, creating a chilling effect and a feeling of unsafety for Indigenous peoples, environmental and other human rights defenders, civil society, and activists standing up for their rights.\u201d<\/p>\n The groups\u2019 letter warned that even if Brazil<\/a> chose not to escalate its oppression of civil society groups around Cop30, Stiell\u2019s demands set a dangerous precedent by \u201cgranting a broad and permissive mandate to future COP presidencies that may not exercise the same restraint\u201d, and risked \u201csignalling that expansive security responses to peaceful protest are acceptable within the UNFCCC context\u201d.<\/p>\n On Monday morning, the first day of the second week of Cop30, hundreds of military police were stationed around the Bel\u00e9m city park, where the conference centre is located. The lines of security forces blocked roads leading to the summit, creating a wide cordon that had to be negotiated before it was possible to even get within sight of the talks, reports Damien Gayle, environment correspondent.<\/p>\n The security operation came as Indigenous groups staged a protest march in the streets of Bel\u00e9m, complaining that despite its being given the moniker \u201cthe Indigenous Cop\u201d their voices and perspectives were being excluded from the talks.<\/p>\n The open letter to Stiell was signed by Amnesty International, Friends of the Earth, the Indigenous Environmental Network and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) among other groups. It said:<\/p>\n Indigenous peoples defending and demanding legal recognition of their land and their right to self-determination, and protecting our ecosystems and planet, are not a threat. Indigenous women with children demanding access to the negotiations that are determining their future, are not a threat. Such demonstrations are not acts of disruption but expressions of Indigenous peoples\u2019 collective political will, grounded in their self-governance systems, cultural traditions, and worldviews.<\/p>\n Threatening is the massive presence of security forces, especially in a global context of growing violence against environmental defenders, including in the host country.<\/p>\n A statement issued by the International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change (IIPFCC) points out that the deployment of troops \u201cis replicating the form of state violence Indigenous Peoples and human rights defenders face across our territories.\u201d<\/p>\n Hugo Gabbero, director of the International Federation for Human Rights\u2019 defenders protection desk, added:<\/p>\n What is happening at COP30 is very concerning. A UNFCCC letter triggered a massive security escalation in Bel\u00e9m, intimidating Indigenous Peoples and silencing the right to peaceful protest. Indigenous defenders are protecting the planet, and they must never be sidelined in climate action. We urge the UNFCCC to\ufe0f reduce securitisation around the conference and recognise the central role of Indigenous Peoples in real solutions to the climate crisis.<\/p>\n Share<\/a><\/p>\n To mark the halfway point of Cop30<\/a> – the moment when high-level government ministers take the driving seat in the negotiations – some of the world\u2019s most climate vulnerable nations have been urging the countries most responsible for greenhouse gas emissions to fulfill their legal obligations, and do more on mitigation and finance.<\/p>\n Matthew Samuda, Jamaica\u2019s economic growth minister, described Hurricane Melissa, the category 5 storm that three weeks ago left dozens dead and displaced hundreds of thousands of people, \u201cthe new phase of climate change.\u201d<\/p>\n Hurricane Melissa changed the life of every Jamaican in less than 24 hours. We did not create this crisis, but we refuse to stand as victims. \u201cWe call on the global community, especially major emitters, to honor their commitments and safeguard the 1.5 degree threshold for Jamaica. This is survival. It\u2019s about our people and their right to a safe and prosperous future.<\/p>\n An aerial photograph shows the magnitude of the damage from Hurricane Melissa in the municipality of Cauto Cristo in Cuba on 8 November 2025. Photograph: Ernesto Mastrascusa\/EPA<\/p>\n Cuba was also hit by torrential rains, massive flooding and winds up to 180 mph from Melissa, causing widespread damage to homes and infrastructure, leaving hundreds of thousands have lost access to safe water and electricity. Armando Rodriguez Batista, Cuba\u2019s environment and science minister, said:<\/p>\n Tomorrow it will be too late to do what we had to do a long time ago.<\/p>\n Mauritius foreign affairs minister Dhananjay Ramful said.<\/p>\n Our very existence is at stake. A decade after the promises of the Paris Agreement, despite our good intentions, we realized that we have not done enough. … Our planet demands action now.<\/p>\n Share<\/a><\/p>\n The landmark climate ruling from the International Court of Justice (ICJ)<\/a> in July put the R word, reparations, slap bang in the middle of climate accountability – precisely where the big polluting states don\u2019t want it.<\/p>\n The ICJ concluded that states have a legal obligation to prevent climate harm, and that countries and individuals harmed by a breach of this duty may be entitled to reparations – physical restitution, financial compensation and\/or formal apologies for wrongdoing (satisfaction). This duty under international law, sits above and beyond the Paris Agreement which explicitly states loss and damage \u201cdoes not involve or provide a basis for any liability or compensation\u201d \u2013 a get-out-of-jail card that major polluters have tried to use to avoid discussing reparations.<\/p>\n I say this as a lead in to a brilliant recent piece by Natricia Duncan, our Caribbean correspondent: Hurricane Melissa a \u2018real-time case study\u2019 of colonialism\u2019s legacies. Destruction in Jamaica shows why climate justice cannot be separated from reparatory justice.<\/p>\n Fallen trees and damaged homes in the hills of Hanover following the passage of Hurricane Melissa. Photograph: Ina Sotirova\/The GuardianLisa Frazer Lyttle, principal of the Gurney’s Mount Primary School, amid the rubble that remains in the aftermath of Hurricane Melissa. Photograph: Ina Sotirova\/The Guardian<\/p>\n Cold Spring village, and many of its neighbouring communities in Hanover, where residents are still coming to terms with catastrophic destruction, were once plantations owned by Europeans who amassed wealth<\/a> from centuries of trafficking and enslavement of African people. One of the Guardian\u2019s 19th-century funders co-owned a plantation, Success, in the area. For the last few years, the Legacies of Enslavement Programme<\/a> has been engaging with these communities to discuss priorities for repair.<\/p>\n At the ongoing UN Cop30 climate change conference in Brazil<\/a>, campaigners say that devastated regions such as Hanover as well as others across Jamaica, Cuba and Haiti, are stark examples of how African descendants are disproportionately affected by centuries of environmental degradation.<\/p>\n Speaking from Cop30<\/a>, Jamaican economist Mariama Williams said historical injustices must be confronted and addressed.<\/p>\n The research shows that wherever Afro descendants are located, they are most vulnerable to climate and environmental impact and have been suffering from historical environmental injustice and climate injustice,\u201d she said. \u201cClimate justice cannot be separated from reparatory justice. The same systems that enriched the north created today\u2019s vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n Share<\/a> Methane is sometimes called the climate \u201cemergency brake\u201d \u2013 because it\u2019s both a potent greenhouse gas and only lasts about 20 years in the atmosphere. So cutting emissions would have a large and fast effect on slowing global heating. CO2 stays in the air for about a century, writes Damian Carrington, Guardian environment editor.<\/p>\n But the UN Environment Programme report<\/a> presented at Cop30 today shows the world is not pulling that brake: emissions are still rising. Most human-caused emissions come from leaky fossil fuel infrastructure<\/a>, cattle, rice fields and waste dumps<\/a>.<\/p>\n The good news is that the rate of rise is slowing as attention has focused on methane emissions, not the least satellite detection of super-plumes<\/a> from oil and gas sites. UNEP\u2019s analysis found that the policies and pledges made by nations to date will cut methane by 8% by 2030. That is short of the 30% by 2030 target of the Global Methane Pledge<\/a>, backed by 159 countries, but would at least be progress.<\/p>\n The other good news is that the technology needed exists and the benefits of cutting methane outweigh the costs. Action can even turn a profit, if the captured fossil gas is then sold. Dan J\u00f8rgensen, the European commissioner for energy, said:<\/p>\n Across sectors and continents, countries and companies are proving that methane reductions are achievable \u2013 and deliver cleaner air, stronger economies, and a safer climate. Our task now is to scale these solutions rapidly.<\/p>\n There\u2019s a great explainer<\/a> here by my colleague Fiona Harvey if you want to know more. \u201cCutting carbon dioxide is a marathon, but methane is a sprint,\u201d Durwood Zaelke, at the Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development told her.<\/p>\n Share<\/a> The EU defends its planned carbon tax<\/p>\n A flashpoint here at Cop30<\/a> is a row over a European Union policy to charge a carbon tax on goods imported into the bloc if they don\u2019t match EU standards of clean production. The idea is to stop high-polluting industries simply relocating out of the bloc to avoid climate regulations, so-called carbon leakage.<\/p>\n China, India and Saudi Arabia are among the countries deeply opposed. Some opponents say it discriminates against nations at an earlier stage of economic development.<\/p>\n But EU climate commissioner Wopke Hoekstra firmly defended the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, which comes into force in January, saying it was an essential part of the EU\u2019s climate toolbox and was being phased in gradually. He denied it was a \u201cunilateral trade measure\u201d, jargon for a discriminatory trade practice. \u201cThe best CBAM is one that doesn\u2019t make any money,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n Hoekstra also praised an initiative to coordinate carbon markets in the EU, China and Brazil<\/a> announced at Cop30 – some observers think this technical measure could have a profound impact on accelerating the transition to clean energy. Putting a price on carbon emissions gives a clear incentive to polluters to cut CO2 as efficiently and quickly as possible. Widespread carbon pricing \u201cwould be potentially the biggest game changer that we could unleash in the years to come,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n Denmark currently holds the presidency of the European Union and its climate minister announced at Cop30 on Monday that it was setting for itself the most ambitious carbon target in the developed world – cutting CO2 pollution by 82% by 2035. (The UK target is 81%.) Lars Aagaard said:<\/p>\n We will demonstrate to the rest of the world that it is possible to balance an ambitious climate target with a competitive business sector and strong social cohesion.<\/p>\n Share<\/a> As the second week of the circus surrounding Cop30<\/a> gets under way in Bel\u00e9m, civil society leaders have issued a stinging denunciation of the role played by the UK and other global north countries in the negotiations so far, reports my colleague Damien Gayle.<\/p>\n Speaking at a press conference in the summit\u2019s blue zone restricted area, they described how wealthy countries\u2019 delegations were obstructing moves towards a just transition, and trying to shift the burden of transition on to the developing world.<\/p>\n Despite their claims of climate ambition, governments of the global north were failing to live up to their promises to end their reliance on fossil fuels, and were pressuring global south countries to move faster despite having enriched themselves from centuries of coal, oil and gas exploitation, speakers said.<\/p>\n Lidy Nacpil, of the Asian People\u2019s Movement for Debt and Development, said:<\/p>\n I have been to 17 Cops and throughout these many years, it\u2019s been the same story, the same claims, the same hypocrisy \u2013 we call it climate hypocrisy \u2013 that we see, especially from the governments of developed countries or the global north.<\/p>\n Nacpil said she and colleagues had analysed countries\u2019 Nationally Determined Contributions \u2013 their national plans to reduce emissions \u2013 over the past decade.<\/p>\n Over the 10 years, our study shows that the biggest gap between what must be delivered as their fair shares and what has actually been delivered is that of the global north. I think for many of us this is not surprising. But this has to be repeated in view of the fact that they are claiming to be the champions of ambition.<\/p>\n Meena Raman of the Third World Network said that global north countries were being evasive around questions of climate finance \u2013 the provision of which is laid out in Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n They do not want to talk about their financial obligations<\/p>\n Now, I\u2019m not sure whether the global north understand English, but it\u2019s so clear that [Article 9.1] says that developed countries shall provide finance for mitigation and adaptation – and there\u2019s also a responsibility for loss and damage finance.<\/p>\n But what we see happening here [is that] we have the developed world having the gall to say that \u2018why is everything on ambition, particularly on mitigation, linked finance?\u2019<\/p>\n But that\u2019s what the Paris Agreement says! This is respecting the principle of common but differentiated responsibility. It\u2019s about their historical emissions which are responsible for their obligations. This is not charity, this is not overseas development assistance.<\/p>\n Share<\/a><\/p>\n Updated at\u00a016.07 EST<\/p>\n Let\u2019s kick off with a reminder of why any of this matters.<\/p>\n As political leaders debate whether now is finally the right time to take decisive action on fossil fuels, extreme weather supercharged by the burning of oil, gas and coal is causing death and destruction in communities across the world.<\/p>\n In Gaza, heavy rain is compounding the humanitarian disaster for displaced Palestinians seeking refuge in tents and other woefully inadequate makeshift shelter, according to the United Nations agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA).<\/p>\n Rainfall inundated sprawling encampments<\/a> across Gaza on Saturday, converting dirt roads into contaminated waterways, and soaking freezing families sheltering in tents with their belongings.<\/p>\n Khan Yunis on 15 November. Displaced Palestinians living in tents after their homes were destroyed by Israel\u2019s attacks on the Gaza Strip are struggling to survive amid the pools of water formed by the rain. Photograph: Abed Rahim Khatib\/Anadolu\/Getty Images<\/p>\n Israel has destroyed or damaged more than 80% of all buildings and homes since launching its full scale assault in October 2023, as well as razing farmland, gardens and other vegetation that helps absorb rainwater and control flooding. Israel has killed dozens of Palestinians since the supposed ceasefire deal last month, while continuing to block entry of tents and mobile homes into the enclave.<\/p>\n Refugees and other forcibly displaced people are among the most vulnerable to climate disasters, according t<\/a>o a report by the UN refugee agency<\/a> last week. The number of countries reporting both conflict and disaster-related displacement has tripled since 2009.<\/p>\n In Europe, heavy rains and high winds from Storm Claudia left at least three people dead in Portugal and dozens injured in Spain and Portugal, as well as causing major damage in parts of the UK. People in the town of Monmouth in Wales were submerged under water over the weekend after the River Monnow burst its banks. This comes after flash floods killed at least 237 people in Valencia in late October, making it one of the deadliest weather-related disasters to ever hit Spain.<\/p>\n A man cleans a house after severe flooding caused by Storm Claudia in Monmouth, Wales, on 16 November 2025. Photograph: Isabel Infantes\/Reuters<\/p>\n Meanwhile, the climate crisis is causing a different sort of disaster in Iran. Only 1mm of rain has fallen in the capital Tehran this year, a place where the average annual rainfall between 1991 and 2000 was 350mm, and signals the sixth straight year of drought. As my colleague Patrick Wintour in Tehran reports<\/a>, <\/a>authorities have rationed supplies, launched cloud seeding operations and are weighing up evacuating parts of the capital. Prayers for rain are being held across the country.<\/p>\n Iranians pray together for rain at the Imamzadeh Saleh Tomb in Tehran, which is experiencing its worst drought in 60 years. Photograph: Fatemeh Bahrami\/Anadolu\/Getty Images<\/p>\n Seven weeks into the start of Iran\u2019s rainy season and more than 20 provinces have not yet had a drop, and the number of dams with less than 5% of their reservoir capacity<\/a> has risen from eight to 32. Snow cover has decreased by 99% nationwide compared with the same time last year, and in Tehran the temperature has been a balmy 20C in what is the cold season.<\/p>\n Rather than talk about fossil fuels and the climate crisis, some religious leaders have suggested that drought is a message from God. Iran has the world\u2019s third-largest proven oil reserves and second-largest natural gas reserves. Its per capita CO2 emissions were 9.6 metric tons in 2024, compared to 5.6 tCO2e in the EU27 and 13.6 tCO2e in the US.<\/p>\n Share<\/a><\/p>\n Hello, this is Nina Lakhani the Guardian\u2019s climate justice reporter in NYC, taking over from my lovely colleague Ajit Niranjan in Berlin.<\/p>\n Share<\/a> Saudi Arabia Can you imagine someone giving you $170,000? What would you buy?<\/p>\n Can you imagine getting another $170,000 one minute later? And the handouts then continuing every minute for years? If so, you have a feel for the colossal cash machine that is Saudi Arabia\u2019s state oil company Aramco, the world\u2019s biggest producer<\/a> of oil and gas last year.<\/p>\n That tidal wave of cash keeps the authoritarian kingdom afloat, as it lavishes money on fossil fuel subsidies for its citizens, soft power projects like the football World Cup and mind-boggling construction projects.<\/p>\n But it is also why the drive for accelerating climate action, principally getting the world off fossil fuels, is seen as an existential threat to Saudi Arabia: its economy and even its ruling royal family.<\/p>\n For decades, Saudi Arabia has fought harder than any other country to block and delay international climate action \u2013 a diplomatic \u201cwrecking ball\u201d saying that abandoning fossil fuels is a fantasy. Yet the country is now also making a whirlwind switch to renewable power at home.<\/p>\n In another contradiction, slowing climate action worsens the impacts on a desert kingdom that is extremely vulnerable to global heating<\/a> and where its 36 million people already contend with conditions \u201cat the verge of livability\u201d.<\/p>\n How can these contradictions be understood, and can countries desperate to fight a climate crisis that is already killing a person a minute<\/a> outflank Saudi obstruction? \u201cThe Saudis are not crazy.\u201d says Karim Elgendy, an expert on climate and energy in the Middle East. \u201cBut they don\u2019t want to be a failed state.\u201d<\/p>\n A processing facility at Saudi Aramco\u2019s Shaybah oil field in the Rub\u2019 Al-Khali desert, also known as the \u2018Empty Quarter,\u2019 in 2018. Photograph: Bloomberg\/Getty Images<\/p>\n Saudi obstruction has continued at Cop30<\/a>, for example in discussions on Saturday about the Global Stocktake \u2013 the work that the chasm between the cuts in carbon emissions needed and those being pledged.<\/p>\n A group of nations including the UK, EU and small island states proposed highlighting important elements from previous reports in a new text, including the urgency of keeping 1.5C within reach and addressing the emissions gap. The Arab group, of which Saudi Arabia is the dominant member, and the African group opposed the inclusion<\/a> of any such elements.<\/p>\n Former US vice president Al Gore called out Saudi blocking tactics<\/a> at Cop30: \u201cI hope that the rest of the world will stand up to this obscene greed and recklessness on the part of the kingdom.\u201d<\/p>\n Share<\/a> The push for a \u201cjust transition\u201d to a clean economy has been gaining momentum, with growing support from civil society and developing countries for the creation of a \u201cBelem Action Mechanism\u201d as a formal body under the UN\u2019s climate change framework. My colleague Damien Gayle spoke to one activist about what that means in practice.<\/p>\n Share<\/a><\/p>\n Sometimes it is easy to forget what diplomats spewing acronyms at climate negotiations are doing it for. This is Neha Singh\u2019s story, as told to journalist Anuradha Nagaraj.<\/p>\n Neha Singh, who walks in 46C heat to the warehouse in which she works. Photograph: Ruhani Kaur\/The Guardian<\/p>\n Every morning, I am up by 5.30am-6am because I have to cook, get ready, and leave on time for our shift, which begins at 8.30am. But this summer \u2013 May, June, July and August \u2013 the temperature always stayed around 46C, sometimes even hitting 50C (122F). My routine changed.<\/p>\n I live in a rented room with a friend on the top floor of a two-storey building. We had frequent power cuts in our rural neighbourhood those days, with lights often going off at 3am.<\/p>\n We would not get a good night\u2019s sleep but would still get up by 6am to try to have a bath early before the water in our tank on the roof would become very hot. We would not feel like cooking because our top-floor room was so hot. I would have a cold drink instead of a cup of tea.<\/p>\n The company is around 3km from where I stay and getting an auto [autorickshaw] is difficult. So, I walk to work. The streets would be deserted, with shops closed and everyone inside their homes. Our 30-minute walk has no shaded area, no place to sit and rest. We just walk and walk, the sun directly on us, till we reach the company drenched in sweat.<\/p>\n Inside, there is some cooling. There was a difference of almost 10C. And I would drink the cold water available here since at home we did not have a filter and drank the tank water, which was very hot. Then I did my shift.<\/p>\n Read the full story here.<\/p>\n Share<\/a> There\u2019s an intriguing line in the update note put out by the Brazilian Presidency of Cop30 on Sunday evening \u2013 my colleague Fiona covered the key points here<\/a>.<\/p>\n The line is: \u201cExpectation that the Paris Agreement will once again achieve near universal membership and coverage of global emissions.\u201d<\/p>\n That is a veiled reference to the US, the world\u2019s second biggest polluter, and which under Donald Trump has pulled out of the Paris Agreement and failed to send anyone to Bel\u00e9m. It says consensus of views from the nations actually at Cop30<\/a> is that the US will rejoin after the Trump era ends.<\/p>\n![\"Damian](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1763441111_82_Damian-Carrington,-R.png\")
Damian Carrington<\/p>\n![\"Damien](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1763441111_100_Damien_Gayle.png\")
Damien Gayle<\/p>\nDamian Carrington<\/p>\nDamian Carrington<\/p>\nDamien Gayle<\/p>\nDamian Carrington<\/p>\n
Here\u2019s an in-depth look at why Saudi Arabia is the biggest obstructor of climate action at UN Cop summits, by Guardian environment editor, Damian Carrington.<\/p>\nDamien Gayle<\/p>\nDamian Carrington<\/p>\n