A Maryland truck driver suffered an \u201ceye stroke\u201d that left him blind, first in one eye and then the other.<\/p>\n
A Louisiana woman vomited for weeks before being diagnosed with a brain dysfunction typically caused by a vitamin deficiency.<\/p>\n
An Oklahoma real estate agent heard her colon pop as it ruptured while she drove her granddaughter home from a softball game. \u201cMy colon blew up. Literally blew up,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n
She had just wanted to finally lose that extra 40 pounds.<\/p>\n
All three have filed lawsuits that blame the popular class of weight-loss drugs known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, which include Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro, and they\u2019re part of a growing number of lawsuits alleging the drugs\u2019 makers failed to sufficiently warn of the risk of certain severe injuries.<\/p>\n
The suits come as the use of the blockbuster drugs has skyrocketed, embraced by millions of Americans to manage diabetes, lower the risk of heart disease and lose weight. The drugs, which mimic a hormone that slows digestion, triggers insulin and helps people feel full longer, cut America\u2019s stubbornly high obesity rates \u2013 for the first time in more than a decade \u2013 and show promise in aiding a range of conditions from kidney disease to drug addiction.<\/p>\n
Plaintiffs represent only a fraction of the 12% of American adults \u2013 or more than 31 million people \u2013 the nonpartisan health policy organization KFF estimates are currently using a GLP-1 drug. The plaintiffs say the drug warnings at the time didn\u2019t prepare them for what they encountered.<\/p>\n
Since the first such case was filed in 2023, at least 4,400 patients have filed lawsuits that are now part of consolidated federal and state litigation, numbers that are expected to grow as part of legal challenges expected to take several years.<\/p>\n
The suits target Novo Nordisk, the Danish manufacturer of Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus, Victoza and Saxenda and Indiana-based Eli Lilly, which makes Trulicity, Mounjaro and Zepbound. The drugmakers have broadly refuted the allegations, and said they will vigorously defend the drugs\u2019 safety.<\/p>\n
What do the GLP-1 lawsuits allege?<\/p>\n
In court on Jan. 13, Novo Nordisk\u2019s attorney Katie Insogna reported:<\/p>\n
75% of the federal lawsuits include an allegation of gastroparesis, also known as \u201cstomach paralysis,\u201d a chronic condition where the stomach slows or stops emptying food into the small intestine;18% of the cases allege the drugs caused ileus, a condition in which bowel muscles fail to push food and waste out of the body;18% of the plaintiffs allege intestinal obstructions;8% say they suffered from gallbladder injuries, with some of these patients requiring surgical removal of gangrenous tissue;8% of the plaintiffs allege other serious gastrointestinal complications, such as extreme vomiting, chronic acid reflux or abdominal pain that required multiple hospitalizations in some cases. Others say their digestion issues have continued even after they stopped taking the drugs.<\/p>\n
These figures add up to more than 100% since many plaintiffs are alleging multiple side effects from taking GLP-1 drugs. USA TODAY found similar numbers when it examined a random sample of 100 of the federal lawsuits.<\/p>\n
In addition, USA TODAY\u2019s review revealed at least 110 plaintiffs across both the federal and state lawsuits allege the drugs caused sudden blindness or severe vision changes, and at least one plaintiff says she\u2019s developed a serious neurological condition called Wernicke’s encephalopathy that causes mental confusion, double vision and poor coordination.<\/p>\n
In a 2024 joint court filing, the two companies said that \u201cthe safety profile of GLP-1 RAs has been well-established in hundreds of clinical trials, large-scale observational studies, and nearly two decades of real-world use. The known risks associated with these medicines are reflected in their FDA-approved product labeling which, collectively, FDA has reviewed more than 40 times and are discussed in textbooks, treatment guidelines and journals.\u201d<\/p>\n
Novo Nordisk updates product labels \u201cin cooperation with the FDA and consistent with federal regulations to reflect the most current understanding of the safety and efficacy profile of our medicines,\u201d said Flavia Brakling, a spokesperson for the company. \u201cNovo Nordisk remains confident in the benefit-risk profile of our GLP-1 medicines, when used consistent with their indications and product labeling.\u201d<\/p>\n
Michael Jamison, a spokesperson for Eli Lilly sent a statement: \u201cPatient safety is Lilly\u2019s top priority, and we actively monitor, evaluate, and report safety information for all our medicines. Mounjaro, Zepbound, and Trulicity\u2019s labels include robust, FDA-approved warnings, and have always warned of potential \u2018gastrointestinal adverse reactions, sometimes severe.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n
He added, \u201cAs part of our routine safety review process for Mounjaro, Zepbound and Trulicity, we work closely with regulators regarding potential safety topics, and we will continue to review data to ensure that appropriate safety information is available to prescribers.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ana Santos Rutschman, a health law professor at Villanova University, said proving the drugs caused certain outcomes will be an issue as the legal battle unfolds, along with the extent and timing of warnings. And she\u2019ll be watching to see how the legal fight influences public trust and the market for such drugs while raising larger questions about what level of drug risk warnings are deemed sufficient.<\/p>\n
While some of the warnings \u201chave changed over the last few years and and to some degree gotten better in the United States,\u201d said Jonathan Orent, a lead plaintiffs\u2019 attorney with Motley Rice in the multidistrict litigation overseen by a federal court in Philadelphia, \u201cwe think that the full panoply of conditions that this set of drugs can cause are not fully warned of, and until that happens, people are continuing to get hurt without having the full information.\u201d<\/p>\n
Some of the plaintiffs who spoke to USA TODAY said they hope to see stronger or more specific warnings about the potential for severe outcomes.<\/p>\n
\u201cThis whole thing has been catastrophic to me and my wife,\u201d said Todd Engel, the Maryland truck driver, who alleges in his lawsuit that Ozempic led to his vision loss.<\/p>\n
Is Ozempic linked to blindness?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Todd Engel with his wife Shelley Engel, left, outside of their Columbia, Maryland home. Engel is one of several plaintiffs in a growing number of GLP-1 lawsuits alleging failure to warn of side effects.<\/p>\n
Jack Gruber, USA TODAY<\/p>\n
Engel had been taking Ozempic to manage his diabetes for about four months when he woke up in December of 2023 with a loss of vision in one eye, he told USA TODAY in an interview.<\/p>\n
The 63-year-old, who drove snowplows and hauled heavy equipment for Howard County, Maryland, was diagnosed with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, called NAION, thought to result from reduced blood flow to the optic nerve. It is sometimes referred to as an \u201ceye stroke.\u201d<\/p>\n
While diabetes is one risk factor for the condition, he said his health providers ran tests for various potential causes but found no firm answers. His medication didn\u2019t come up as something that could potentially be related to it, he said, so he kept taking his injections.<\/p>\n
In October of 2024, he said, he woke up and turned to his wife, Shelley, to tell her his other eye had gone dark.<\/p>\n
\u201cYou\u2019re not going to believe this,\u201d she recalled him saying. \u201cI can\u2019t see at all.\u201d<\/p>\n
Now legally blind, Engel has had to quit his job and give up his commercial driver\u2019s license. He can\u2019t see his grandkids play baseball, he said, and the couple has shelved much of their retirement travel bucket list.<\/p>\n
He later learned that some research has suggested a potential link between semaglutide and the eye condition. For example, in a study of almost 17,000 people published in JAMA Ophthalmology in 2024, researchers found an increased risk of NAION among individuals prescribed semaglutide relative to those prescribed other medications to treat type-2 diabetes and obesity. But it noted it did not establish a causal relationship.<\/p>\n
In June, a European medical safety committee noted that Wegovy and Ozempic have been linked in \u201cvery rare\u201d cases to the eye condition, Reuters reported, which led Novo Nordisk to update its European labels for Wegovy and Ozempic to state that semaglutide, their active ingredient, may cause NAION in up to 1 in 10,000 patients.<\/p>\n
U.S. labels warn of vision changes without mentioning NAION. The American Academy of Ophthalmology has said it does not support a blanket recommendation for all patients to immediately stop taking semaglutide if they develop NAION because of risks for those with difficult-to-manage diabetes or underlying vascular health conditions. Instead, they recommend that patients carefully consult health care providers before making a decision. And it noted that “a review of the available data has not established that semaglutide causes NAION, only a potential link between the two.”<\/p>\n
Novo Nordisk did not comment directly on Engel\u2019s individual lawsuit when asked for comment.<\/p>\n
In court documents, the drug companies note that diabetic patients are already at a higher risk of conditions like blindness, gastroparesis and intestinal dysfunction.<\/p>\n
Novo Nordisk said in a statement that updates to labeling are made in conjunction with the FDA and federal regulations.<\/p>\n
For example, Ozempic\u2019s FDA label was expanded in September 2023, shortly after the first lawsuits were filed, to include ileus as a possible gastrointestinal disorder. By late 2025, it had been updated again, to include effects such as intestinal obstruction and severe constipation including fecal impaction, among several other additions. Also last year, Trulicity\u2019s label added “acute pancreatitis, hemorrhagic and necrotizing pancreatitis sometimes resulting in death” to its disclosures.<\/p>\n
But Engel said that had he or his physicians been aware of the possible link to the eye condition that could cause permanent blindness, something that seemed far from a simple side effect, he would have reconsidered taking it \u2013 and certainly would have stopped taking it after his first eye stroke.<\/p>\n
“What happened to me should have never happened,” he said.<\/p>\n
At home, Engel\u2019s wife Shelley said she has had to place raised plastic dots on the microwave start button so he can warm food. He uses smart glasses with a microphone and a camera to ask what room he\u2019s in as he learns to live without sight.<\/p>\n
\u201cI wake up in the dark, and I go to sleep in the dark,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n
Did Wegovy lead to a woman\u2019s colon rupturing?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
JoHelen McClain, an Oklahoma City real estate agent, is among several thousand plaintiffs who have filed lawsuits alleging that GLP-1 weight-loss drug they took led to severe injuries.<\/p>\n
Douglas Hoke, USA TODAY Network<\/p>\n
JoHelen McClain, a 72-year-old real estate agent from suburban Oklahoma City, had a simple goal when she started taking Wegovy in November of 2023.<\/p>\n
\u201cI was trying to slim down and feel healthy,\u201d she told USA TODAY in an interview.<\/p>\n
The grandmother saw her weight fall from 205 pounds to 165, with little of the nausea she\u2019d heard so much about. Wegovy even seemed to ease inflammation and pain from her rheumatoid arthritis.<\/p>\n
In March of 2024, McClain was driving her 14-year-old granddaughter home from high-school softball when they heard a loud noise. It sounded like a balloon popping, she said.<\/p>\n
\u201cWhat was that?\u201d she recalled her granddaughter blurting out.<\/p>\n
It was the sound of her colon rupturing.<\/p>\n
McClain said she was lucky to be close to a hospital emergency room, where she learned a blockage had caused the rupture. She was stunned it hadn\u2019t produced any noticeable warning symptoms, such as feeling constipated.<\/p>\n
Taken into surgery, she said doctors had to remove a large portion of her colon. She spent five days in the ICU battling sepsis and then faced months of painful recovery, barely able to eat or get out of bed.<\/p>\n
Doctors created a stoma, or valve in her torso, telling her she\u2019d have to live permanently with a bag that connects to collect stool. The bag has caused embarrassing leaks and anxiety, she said, while she has battled depression and anxiety.<\/p>\n
She blames Wegovy in a federal lawsuit filed in January 2026. The allegations in the lawsuit include a failure to warn of the risks.<\/p>\n
Asked for comment, Novo Nordisk did not address her individual case but has generally refuted such allegations. Wegovy currently warns it may cause \u201cserious side effects\u201d including conditions such as thyroid tumors, pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, depression and \u201csevere stomach problems.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u2018There is nothing that\u2019s really all benefit and no risk.\u2019<\/p>\n
McClain\u2019s suit is among the latest to join about 3,200 federal challenges, which are in addition to more than 1,200 lawsuits against Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly in state courts in New Jersey, Indiana and Delaware. The plaintiffs in these state cases range in age from 18 to 87 and are from at least 44 U.S. states, USA TODAY found.<\/p>\n
USA TODAY reviewed a random sample of 100 of the thousands of federal lawsuits to learn more about the patients suing these companies. The majority are women \u2013 about two-thirds of the plaintiffs in USA TODAY\u2019s sample. They skew older than the average American with a median age of 52, but the patients sampled ranged in age from 26 to 75.<\/p>\n
About a quarter of the plaintiffs reported using multiple weight-loss drugs. Almost three-fourths used Ozempic, a quarter used Trulicity and 17% used Mounjaro. Other weight-loss drugs were mentioned in just a handful of cases.<\/p>\n
The federal multidistrict litigation in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania focusing on gastrointestinal injury is currently in the pre-trial phase. Plaintiffs attorneys said that includes evaluating common issues such as the testing that is needed to prove the plaintiff had gastroparesis; whether or not the companies\u2019 drug warnings are adequate as a matter of law; and the ability of medications to cause each of the harms plaintiffs have alleged.<\/p>\n
In December 2025, a separate multidistrict litigation grouping was created under the same federal judge for lawsuits alleging vision injuries. Other state cases are continuing independently.<\/p>\n
An Eli Lilly spokesperson noted that \u201cthe federal court presiding over these claims ruled last summer that \u2018any plaintiff claiming to have had drug-induced gastroparesis must have had a gastric emptying study \u2026 properly performed at the time of diagnosis,\u2019 confirming the diagnosis, and it recognized that its ruling meant some plaintiffs \u2018will be unable to prove that they suffered from gastroparesis.\u2019 Lilly appreciates the Court\u2019s careful consideration of this and other threshold issues, and we will continue to defend against these claims in court.\u201d<\/p>\n
The first “bellwether\u201d test trials are not expected until 2027, plaintiffs\u2019 attorneys said. Such consolidated cases often last 4-5 years, said Elizabeth Chamblee Burch, a University of Georgia law professor who is an expert in multidistrict litigation.<\/p>\n
The challenges come as an increasing number of Americans turn to the class of drugs, which were first used to help control blood sugar levels for diabetic patients about two decades ago.<\/p>\n
\u201cThese drugs are not new,\u201d said Ziyad Al-Aly, who directs research and development at the St. Louis\u2019 Veterans Affairs Health Care System. \u201cWhat\u2019s new about them is that the companies then realized, \u2018Oh my God, they actually work on weight loss.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n
When Ozempic began being used off-label for weight loss, Novo Nordisk also developed Wegovy for weight loss, with Eli Lilly releasing Mounjaro and Trulicity. Demand also fueled a market of compounding pharmacies using similar ingredients.<\/p>\n
GLP-1 prescriptions shot up from about 1 million at the start of 2018 to about 9 million in 2022, according to the analytics firm Trilliant Health. The usage of GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy doubled between 2024 and 2025, according to one Gallup study.<\/p>\n
That growth has been fueled by high-profile celebrities, influencers and word-of-mouth, with more states fully covering GLP-1s for obesity treatment under Medicaid. It\u2019s expected to rise further with a newly introduced pill version of the class of drug. And research has shown promise that the drugs may aid a range of conditions.<\/p>\n
One study that Al-Aly helped conduct and published in Nature Medicine in early 2025 compared the effects of GLP-1 medications to other types of treatment in dozens of health outcomes. In addition to GLP-1s\u2019 now well-known ability to treat diabetes and obesity, Al-Aly and his team found connections between GLP-1 use and reduced risk of substance use disorders, suicidal ideation, seizures, dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease, among many others.<\/p>\n
On the other hand, Al-Aly points out no medicine is risk-free.<\/p>\n
Their study confirmed GLP-1s increased the risk of nausea, vomiting, kidney stones, sleep disturbances and other gastrointestinal problems. Al-Aly said he sympathizes with the plaintiffs of these lawsuits, but overall he believes the drugs\u2019 benefits outweigh the risks for most patients. He advises his patients to pay close attention to how their bodies react to GLP-1 medications and bring up any concerns so they can revisit the dose or try another medication.<\/p>\n
\u201cThat’s the reality of life. There is nothing that\u2019s really all benefit and no risk. There’s no medicine like that,\u201d Al-Aly said.<\/p>\n
But McClain\u2019s lawsuit alleges that the drug manufacturer downplayed the risks.<\/p>\n
\u201cI read everything I could find on it before I went on it,\u201d she said, \u201cand I knew that there was nausea and some problems with slowing down your digestive system and things like that, but they did not warn about any of the stuff that happened to me at that time.\u201d<\/p>\n
Can Mounjaro side effects lead to brain injury?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/698a365555f89.image.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Mark Smith hugs his wife, Robin Smith, in their home in Lake Charles, Louisiana.<\/p>\n
Katelyn Granger<\/p>\n
When Mark Smith returned home to Lake Charles, Louisiana, from a weekslong stint as a cook serving offshore oil-rig workers in late-August of 2023, he could tell something was wrong.<\/p>\n
His wife, Robin Smith, 62, who had been ill, seemed confused, struggling to make a phone call or use a TV remote, he told USA TODAY in an interview.<\/p>\n
Since late July, she\u2019d had stomach problems and had been vomiting frequently. She\u2019d started taking Mounjaro for weight loss the previous fall. Until then, she\u2019d experienced little stomach upset as her weight fell to under 200 pounds from 285.<\/p>\n
Her daughter, Angel Smith Wirsing, said she took her to the hospital twice with vomiting and weakness. After earlier reducing her dose, her doctor suggested she stop taking the weight-loss drug. She did so, but her gastric problems persisted, according to her attorney, Todd Townsley.<\/p>\n
Upon his return from work, Mark took her to a local hospital. She was diagnosed as having gastroparesis and ileus, Townsley said.<\/p>\n
Days later, Smith was transferred to a New Orleans medical center. There, doctors determined she was suffering from Wernicke’s encephalopathy, a neurological condition caused by a deficiency of thiamine, or Vitamin B1, often linked to malnutrition.<\/p>\n
Despite infusions of thiamine, Mark said, her encephalopathy appeared to become permanent.<\/p>\n
Mark has since quit his job to help care for Robin, who regained her former 285-pound weight after she stopped taking Mounjaro. She struggles to walk and suffers from confusion and memory loss. At times she doesn\u2019t recognize her husband. She could not participate in an interview about her experience, her husband, daughter and attorney told USA TODAY.<\/p>\n
\u201cI still have my wife, physically, not mentally anymore,\u201d said Mark Smith.<\/p>\n
Smith filed a lawsuit in November of 2023, alleging: \u201cAs a result of using Defendant\u2019s Mounjaro, Plaintiff was caused to suffer from gastroparesis, which resulted in, among other things, development of Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy.\u201d<\/p>\n
While Eli Lilly has not responded directly in court to their case, it has noted in other filings that Mounjaro labels have always warned that it may be associated with “severe” gastrointestinal reactions.<\/p>\n
But Robin Smith\u2019s daughter, who like her mother has stopped taking the drug and gained back the weight she lost, said she believes Eli Lilly didn\u2019t provide a full picture of how severe even rare risks could get.<\/p>\n
\u201cI know she would have never taken it if she would\u2019ve known this,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n
This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Weight-loss drugs draw thousands of lawsuits alleging serious harm<\/p>\n
Reporting by Chris Kenning and Austin Fast, USA TODAY \/ USA TODAY<\/p>\n
USA TODAY Network via Reuters Connect<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A Maryland truck driver suffered an \u201ceye stroke\u201d that left him blind, first in one eye and then…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":275954,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[3311,134,524,150779,111,43,139,69],"class_list":{"0":"post-275953","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-medication","8":"tag-consumer","9":"tag-health","10":"tag-medication","11":"tag-nation-world","12":"tag-new-zealand","13":"tag-news","14":"tag-newzealand","15":"tag-nz"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275953"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275953\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}