{"id":298273,"date":"2026-02-23T15:13:08","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T15:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/298273\/"},"modified":"2026-02-23T15:13:08","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T15:13:08","slug":"what-punch-tells-us-about-attachment-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/298273\/","title":{"rendered":"what Punch tells us about attachment theory"},"content":{"rendered":"

A baby macaque monkey named Punch has gone viral for his heart-wrenching pursuit of companionship. <\/p>\n

After being abandoned by his mother and rejected by the rest of his troop, his zookeepers at Ichikawa City Zoo in Japan provided Punch with an orangutan plushie as a stand-in mother. Videos of the monkey clinging to the toy have gone viral worldwide. <\/p>\n

But Punch\u2019s attachment to his inanimate companion is not just the subject of a heartbreaking video. It also harks back to the story of a famous set of psychology experiments<\/a> conducted in the 1950s by US researcher Harry Harlow.<\/p>\n

The findings from his experiments underpin many of the central tenets of attachment theory, which positions the bond between parent and child as crucial in child development.<\/p>\n

What were Harlow\u2019s experiments?<\/p>\n

Harlow took rhesus monkeys from birth, and removed them from their mothers. These monkeys were raised in an enclosure in which they had access to two surrogate \u201cmothers\u201d. <\/p>\n

One was a wire cage shaped into the form of a \u201cmother\u201d monkey, which could provide food and drink via a small feeder.<\/p>\n

The other was a monkey-shaped doll wrapped in terry towelling. This doll was soft and comfortable, but it didn\u2019t provide food or drink; it was little more than a furry figure the baby monkey could cling to. <\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/p>\n

The wire \u2018mother\u2019 and the soft \u2018mother\u2019 in Harlow\u2019s experiment.
\n Harlow, H. F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13(12), 673\u2013685.<\/a><\/p>\n

So, we have one option that provides comfort, but no food or drink, and one that\u2019s cold, hard and wiry but which provides dietary sustenance. <\/p>\n

These experiments were a response to behaviourism<\/a>, which was the prevailing theoretical view at the time. <\/p>\n

Behaviourists suggested babies form attachments to those who provide them with their biological needs, such as food and shelter. <\/p>\n

Harlow challenged this theory by suggesting babies need care, love and kindness to form attachments, rather than just physical nourishment.<\/p>\n

A behaviourist would have expected the infant monkeys to spend all their time with the wire \u201cmother\u201d that fed them. <\/p>\n

In fact, that\u2019s not what happened. The monkeys spent significantly more time each day clinging to the terry towelling \u201cmother\u201d.<\/p>\n

Harlow\u2019s 1950s experiments established the importance of softness, care and kindness as the basis for attachment. Given the opportunity, Harlow showed, babies prefer emotional nourishment over physical nourishment. <\/p>\n

How did this influence modern attachment theory?<\/p>\n

Harlow\u2019s discovery was significant because it completely reoriented the dominant behaviourist view of the time. This dominant view suggested primates, including humans, function in reward and punishment cycles, and form attachments to whoever fulfils physical needs such as hunger and thirst.<\/p>\n

Emotional nourishment was not a part of the behaviourist paradigm. So when Harlow did his experiments, he flipped the prevailing theory on its head.<\/p>\n

The monkeys\u2019 preference towards emotional nourishment, in the form of cuddling the furry terry towel-covered surrogate \u201cmother\u201d, formed the foundation for the development of attachment theory. <\/p>\n

Attachment theory posits that healthy child development occurs when a child is \u201csecurely attached\u201d to its caregiver. This is achieved by the parent or caregiver providing emotional nourishment, care, kindness and attentiveness to the child. Insecure attachment occurs when the parent or caregiver is cold, distant, abusive or neglectful.<\/p>\n

Much like the rhesus monkeys, you can feed a human baby all they need, give them all the dietary nourishment they require, but if you don\u2019t provide them with warmth and love, they\u2019re not going to form an attachment<\/a> to you. <\/p>\n

What can we learn from Punch?<\/p>\n

The zoo was not conducting an experiment, but Punch\u2019s situation inadvertently reflects the controlled experiment Harlow did. So, the experimental setup was mimicked in a more natural setting, but the outcomes look very similar.<\/p>\n

Just as Harlow\u2019s monkeys favoured their terry towelling mother, Punch has formed an attachment to his IKEA plushie companion. <\/p>\n

Now, what we don\u2019t have with the zoo situation is the comparison to a harsh, physically nourishing option provided. <\/p>\n

But clearly, that\u2019s not what the monkey was looking for. He wanted a comforting and soft safe place, and that\u2019s what the doll provided.<\/p>\n

Were Harlow\u2019s experiments ethical?<\/p>\n

Most of the world now recognises primates as having rights that are, in some cases, equivalent to human rights. <\/p>\n

Today, we would see Harlow\u2019s experiments as a cruel and unkind thing to do. You wouldn\u2019t take a human baby away from its mother and do this experiment, so we shouldn\u2019t do this to primates. <\/p>\n

It\u2019s interesting to see people so fascinated by this parallel to an experiment conducted more than 70 years ago. <\/p>\n

Punch the monkey is not just the internet\u2019s latest animal celebrity \u2013 he\u2019s a reminder of the importance of emotional nourishment. <\/p>\n

We all need soft spaces. We all need safe spaces. Love and warmth are far more important for our wellbeing and functioning than physical nourishment alone.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A baby macaque monkey named Punch has gone viral for his heart-wrenching pursuit of companionship. After being abandoned…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":298274,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[111,139,69,147,406],"class_list":["post-298273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-wildlife","tag-new-zealand","tag-newzealand","tag-nz","tag-science","tag-wildlife"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=298273"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298273\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/298274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=298273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=298273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=298273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}