{"id":299132,"date":"2026-02-24T03:53:11","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T03:53:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/299132\/"},"modified":"2026-02-24T03:53:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T03:53:11","slug":"six-state-clock-physics-in-an-atomically-thin-antiferromagnet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/299132\/","title":{"rendered":"Six-state clock physics in an atomically thin antiferromagnet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Mermin, N. D. The topological theory of defects in ordered media. Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 591 (1979).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.51.591\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.51.591\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.51.591\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.51.591\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXlvF2jsLc%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20topological%20theory%20of%20defects%20in%20ordered%20media&amp;journal=Rev.%20Mod.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FRevModPhys.51.591&amp;volume=51&amp;publication_year=1979&amp;author=Mermin%2CND\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Paoletti, M. S. &amp; Lathrop, D. P. Quantum turbulence. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 2, 213\u2013234 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140533\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140533\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev-conmatphys-062910-140533\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev-conmatphys-062910-140533\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXks1Kjsbo%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Quantum%20turbulence&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Condens.%20Matter%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-conmatphys-062910-140533&amp;volume=2&amp;pages=213-234&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Paoletti%2CMS&amp;author=Lathrop%2CDP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Landau, L. et al. On the theory of the dispersion of magnetic permeability in ferromagnetic bodies. Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 8, 101\u2013114 (1935).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=On%20the%20theory%20of%20the%20dispersion%20of%20magnetic%20permeability%20in%20ferromagnetic%20bodies&amp;journal=Phys.%20Z.%20Sowjetunion&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=101-114&amp;publication_year=1935&amp;author=Landau%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Nelson, D. R. &amp; Halperin, B. I. Dislocation-mediated melting in two dimensions. Phys. Rev. B 19, 2457 (1979).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.19.2457\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.19.2457\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.19.2457\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.19.2457\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXkt1Omsr0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dislocation-mediated%20melting%20in%20two%20dimensions&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.19.2457&amp;volume=19&amp;publication_year=1979&amp;author=Nelson%2CDR&amp;author=Halperin%2CBI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Mross, D. F. &amp; Senthil, T. Theory of a continuous stripe melting transition in a two-dimensional metal: a possible application to cuprate superconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 267001 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.267001\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.267001\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.108.267001\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.267001\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23005007\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Theory%20of%20a%20continuous%20stripe%20melting%20transition%20in%20a%20two-dimensional%20metal%3A%20a%20possible%20application%20to%20cuprate%20superconductors&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.108.267001&amp;volume=108&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Mross%2CDF&amp;author=Senthil%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Mermin, N. D. &amp; Wagner, H. Absence of ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism in one- or two-dimensional isotropic Heisenberg models. Phys. Rev. Lett. 17, 1133 (1966).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.17.1133\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.17.1133\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.17.1133\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.17.1133\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaF2sXjtlSqtg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Absence%20of%20ferromagnetism%20or%20antiferromagnetism%20in%20one-%20or%20two-dimensional%20isotropic%20Heisenberg%20models&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.17.1133&amp;volume=17&amp;publication_year=1966&amp;author=Mermin%2CND&amp;author=Wagner%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Berezinsky, V. L. Destruction of long-range order in one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems possessing a continuous symmetry group. II. Quantum systems. Sov. Phys. JETP 34, 610 (1972).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Destruction%20of%20long-range%20order%20in%20one-dimensional%20and%20two-dimensional%20systems%20possessing%20a%20continuous%20symmetry%20group.%20II.%20Quantum%20systems&amp;journal=Sov.%20Phys.%20JETP&amp;volume=34&amp;publication_year=1972&amp;author=Berezinsky%2CVL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Kosterlitz, J. M. &amp; Thouless, D. J. Ordering, metastability and phase transitions in two-dimensional systems. J. Phys. C 6, 1181 (1973).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0022-3719\/6\/7\/010\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0022-3719\/6\/7\/010\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0022-3719%2F6%2F7%2F010\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0022-3719\/6\/7\/010\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXhsFagtLk%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ordering%2C%20metastability%20and%20phase%20transitions%20in%20two-dimensional%20systems&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20C&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0022-3719%2F6%2F7%2F010&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=1973&amp;author=Kosterlitz%2CJM&amp;author=Thouless%2CDJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Kosterlitz, J. M. The critical properties of the two-dimensional XY model. J. Phys. C 7, 1046 (1974).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0022-3719\/7\/6\/005\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0022-3719\/7\/6\/005\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0022-3719%2F7%2F6%2F005\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0022-3719\/7\/6\/005\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20critical%20properties%20of%20the%20two-dimensional%20XY%20model&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20C&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0022-3719%2F7%2F6%2F005&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=1974&amp;author=Kosterlitz%2CJM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Jos\u00e9, J. V., Kadanoff, L. P., Kirkpatrick, S. &amp; Nelson, D. R. Renormalization, vortices, and symmetry-breaking perturbations in the two-dimensional planar model. Phys. Rev. B 16, 1217\u20131241 (1977).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.16.1217\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.16.1217\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.16.1217\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.16.1217\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Renormalization%2C%20vortices%2C%20and%20symmetry-breaking%20perturbations%20in%20the%20two-dimensional%20planar%20model&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.16.1217&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=1217-1241&amp;publication_year=1977&amp;author=Jos%C3%A9%2CJV&amp;author=Kadanoff%2CLP&amp;author=Kirkpatrick%2CS&amp;author=Nelson%2CDR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Chatterjee, S., Puri, S. &amp; Paul, R. Ordering kinetics in the q-state clock model: scaling properties and growth laws. Phys. Rev. E 98, 032109 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.98.032109\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.98.032109\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevE.98.032109\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.98.032109\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXlsVensb4%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ordering%20kinetics%20in%20the%20q-state%20clock%20model%3A%20scaling%20properties%20and%20growth%20laws&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20E&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevE.98.032109&amp;volume=98&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Chatterjee%2CS&amp;author=Puri%2CS&amp;author=Paul%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Li, Z.-Q. et al. Critical properties of the two-dimensional q-state clock model. Phys. Rev. E 101, 060105 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.101.060105\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.101.060105\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevE.101.060105\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.101.060105\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXlsFagtA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32688489\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Critical%20properties%20of%20the%20two-dimensional%20q-state%20clock%20model&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20E&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevE.101.060105&amp;volume=101&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Li%2CZ-Q\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Wu, F.-Y. The Potts model. Rev. Mod. Phys. 54, 235 (1982).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.54.235\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.54.235\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.54.235\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.54.235\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Potts%20model&amp;journal=Rev.%20Mod.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FRevModPhys.54.235&amp;volume=54&amp;publication_year=1982&amp;author=Wu%2CF-Y\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Fernandes, R. M., Orth, P. P. &amp; Schmalian, J. Intertwined vestigial order in quantum materials: mematicity and beyond. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 10, 133\u2013154 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013200\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013200\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev-conmatphys-031218-013200\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013200\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Intertwined%20vestigial%20order%20in%20quantum%20materials%3A%20mematicity%20and%20beyond&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Condens.%20Matter%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-conmatphys-031218-013200&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=133-154&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Fernandes%2CRM&amp;author=Orth%2CPP&amp;author=Schmalian%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Little, A. et al. Three-state nematicity in the triangular lattice antiferromagnet Fe1\/3NbS2. Nat. Mater. 19, 1062\u20131067 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41563-020-0681-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41563-020-0681-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41563-020-0681-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41563-020-0681-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpvVaitbo%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32424369\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Three-state%20nematicity%20in%20the%20triangular%20lattice%20antiferromagnet%20Fe1%2F3NbS2&amp;journal=Nat.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41563-020-0681-0&amp;volume=19&amp;pages=1062-1067&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Little%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Ni, Z., Huang, N., Haglund, A. V., Mandrus, D. G. &amp; Wu, L. Observation of giant surface second-harmonic generation coupled to nematic orders in the van der Waals antiferromagnet FePS3. Nano Lett. 22, 3283\u20133288 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c00212\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c00212\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.2c00212\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c00212\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XpsV2rt7k%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35413201\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20giant%20surface%20second-harmonic%20generation%20coupled%20to%20nematic%20orders%20in%20the%20van%20der%20Waals%20antiferromagnet%20FePS3&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.2c00212&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=3283-3288&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Ni%2CZ&amp;author=Huang%2CN&amp;author=Haglund%2CAV&amp;author=Mandrus%2CDG&amp;author=Wu%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Elitzur, S., Pearson, R. &amp; Shigemitsu, J. Phase structure of discrete Abelian spin and gauge systems. Phys. Rev. D 19, 3698 (1979).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevD.19.3698\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevD.19.3698\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.19.3698\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevD.19.3698\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Phase%20structure%20of%20discrete%20Abelian%20spin%20and%20gauge%20systems&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20D&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevD.19.3698&amp;volume=19&amp;publication_year=1979&amp;author=Elitzur%2CS&amp;author=Pearson%2CR&amp;author=Shigemitsu%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Tobochnik, J. Properties of the q-state clock model for q\u2009=\u20094, 5, and 6. Phys. Rev. B 26, 6201 (1982).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.26.6201\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.26.6201\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.26.6201\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.26.6201\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXit1KhtA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Properties%20of%20the%20q-state%20clock%20model%20for%20q%E2%80%89%3D%E2%80%894%2C%205%2C%20and%206&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.26.6201&amp;volume=26&amp;publication_year=1982&amp;author=Tobochnik%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Challa, M. S. S. &amp; Landau, D. P. Critical behavior of the six-state clock model in two dimensions. Phys. Rev. B 33, 437\u2013443 (1986).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.33.437\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.33.437\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.33.437\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.33.437\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BC2sfgsVOjtw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Critical%20behavior%20of%20the%20six-state%20clock%20model%20in%20two%20dimensions&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.33.437&amp;volume=33&amp;pages=437-443&amp;publication_year=1986&amp;author=Challa%2CMSS&amp;author=Landau%2CDP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Ueda, H. et al. Finite-m scaling analysis of Berezinskii\u2013Kosterlitz\u2013Thouless phase transitions and entanglement spectrum for the six-state clock model. Phys. Rev. E 101, 062111 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.101.062111\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.101.062111\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevE.101.062111\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.101.062111\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXlsFartA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32688529\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Finite-m%20scaling%20analysis%20of%20Berezinskii%E2%80%93Kosterlitz%E2%80%93Thouless%20phase%20transitions%20and%20entanglement%20spectrum%20for%20the%20six-state%20clock%20model&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20E&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevE.101.062111&amp;volume=101&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Ueda%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Okabe, Y. &amp; Otsuka, H. BKT transitions of the XY and six-state clock models on the various two-dimensional lattices. J. Phys. A 58, 065003 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/1751-8121\/ada988\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/1751-8121\/ada988\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F1751-8121%2Fada988\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/1751-8121\/ada988\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=BKT%20transitions%20of%20the%20XY%20and%20six-state%20clock%20models%20on%20the%20various%20two-dimensional%20lattices&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20A&amp;doi=10.1088%2F1751-8121%2Fada988&amp;volume=58&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Okabe%2CY&amp;author=Otsuka%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Taroni, A., Bramwell, S. T. &amp; Holdsworth, P. C. W. Universal window for two-dimensional critical exponents. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20, 275233 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0953-8984\/20\/27\/275233\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0953-8984\/20\/27\/275233\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0953-8984%2F20%2F27%2F275233\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0953-8984\/20\/27\/275233\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MnisFemug%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21694394\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Universal%20window%20for%20two-dimensional%20critical%20exponents&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20Condens.%20Matter&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0953-8984%2F20%2F27%2F275233&amp;volume=20&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Taroni%2CA&amp;author=Bramwell%2CST&amp;author=Holdsworth%2CPCW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Kim, S. Y. et al. Charge\u2013spin correlation in van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 136402 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.136402\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.136402\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.120.136402\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.136402\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXltFSru7s%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29694193\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Charge%E2%80%93spin%20correlation%20in%20van%20der%20Waals%20antiferromagnet%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.120.136402&amp;volume=120&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Kim%2CSY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Sun, Z. et al. Dimensionality crossover to a two-dimensional vestigial nematic state from a three-dimensional antiferromagnet in a honeycomb van der Waals magnet. Nat. Phys. 20, 1764\u20131771 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41567-024-02618-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41567-024-02618-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41567-024-02618-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41567-024-02618-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhvVCkurfO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dimensionality%20crossover%20to%20a%20two-dimensional%20vestigial%20nematic%20state%20from%20a%20three-dimensional%20antiferromagnet%20in%20a%20honeycomb%20van%20der%20Waals%20magnet&amp;journal=Nat.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41567-024-02618-6&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=1764-1771&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Sun%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Lee, Y. et al. Imaging thermally fluctuating N\u00e9el vectors in van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3. Nano Lett. 24, 6043\u20136050 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00804\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00804\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.4c00804\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00804\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhtVSjs77F\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38717152\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Imaging%20thermally%20fluctuating%20N%C3%A9el%20vectors%20in%20van%20der%20Waals%20antiferromagnet%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.4c00804&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=6043-6050&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Lee%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Kim, K. et al. Suppression of magnetic ordering in XXZ-type antiferromagnetic monolayer NiPS3. Nat. Commun. 10, 345 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-018-08284-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-018-08284-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-018-08284-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-018-08284-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30664705\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6341093\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Suppression%20of%20magnetic%20ordering%20in%20XXZ-type%20antiferromagnetic%20monolayer%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-018-08284-6&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Kim%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Wildes, A. R. et al. Magnetic structure of the quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet NiPS3. Phys. Rev. B 92, 224408 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.92.224408\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.92.224408\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.92.224408\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.92.224408\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20structure%20of%20the%20quasi-two-dimensional%20antiferromagnet%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.92.224408&amp;volume=92&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Wildes%2CAR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Tan, Q. et al. Observation of three-state nematicity and domain evolution in atomically thin antiferromagnetic NiPS3. Nano Lett. 24, 7166\u20137172 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00772\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00772\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.4c00772\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00772\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhtlWisLvM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20three-state%20nematicity%20and%20domain%20evolution%20in%20atomically%20thin%20antiferromagnetic%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.4c00772&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=7166-7172&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Tan%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Cuccoli, A., Roscilde, T., Tognetti, V., Vaia, R. &amp; Verrucchi, P. Quantum Monte Carlo study of \\(S=\\frac{1}{2}\\) weakly anisotropic antiferromagnets on the square lattice. Phys. Rev. B 67, 104414 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.67.104414\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.67.104414\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.67.104414\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.67.104414\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Quantum%20Monte%20Carlo%20study%20of%20%24%24S%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%24%24%20S%20%3D%201%202%20weakly%20anisotropic%20antiferromagnets%20on%20the%20square%20lattice&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.67.104414&amp;volume=67&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Cuccoli%2CA&amp;author=Roscilde%2CT&amp;author=Tognetti%2CV&amp;author=Vaia%2CR&amp;author=Verrucchi%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Chu, H. et al. Linear magnetoelectric phase in ultrathin MnPS3 probed by optical second harmonic generation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 027601 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.124.027601\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.124.027601\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.124.027601\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.124.027601\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmslyjtLg%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32004043\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Linear%20magnetoelectric%20phase%20in%20ultrathin%20MnPS3%20probed%20by%20optical%20second%20harmonic%20generation&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.124.027601&amp;volume=124&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Chu%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Lan\u00e7on, D., Ewings, R. A., Guidi, T., Formisano, F. &amp; Wildes, A. R. Magnetic exchange parameters and anisotropy of the quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet NiPS3. Phys. Rev. B 98, 134414 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.98.134414\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.98.134414\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.98.134414\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.98.134414\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20exchange%20parameters%20and%20anisotropy%20of%20the%20quasi-two-dimensional%20antiferromagnet%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.98.134414&amp;volume=98&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Lan%C3%A7on%2CD&amp;author=Ewings%2CRA&amp;author=Guidi%2CT&amp;author=Formisano%2CF&amp;author=Wildes%2CAR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Belvin, C. A. et al. Exciton-driven antiferromagnetic metal in a correlated van der Waals insulator. Nat. Commun. 12, 4837 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-25164-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-25164-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-021-25164-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-25164-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvVSlsb7O\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34376692\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8355133\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Exciton-driven%20antiferromagnetic%20metal%20in%20a%20correlated%20van%20der%20Waals%20insulator&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-021-25164-8&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Belvin%2CCA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Plumley, R. et al. 3D Heisenberg universality in the van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3. npj Quantum Mater. 9, 95 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41535-024-00696-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41535-024-00696-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41535-024-00696-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41535-024-00696-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXislaqt7%2FK\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=3D%20Heisenberg%20universality%20in%20the%20van%20der%20Waals%20antiferromagnet%20NiPS3&amp;journal=npj%20Quantum%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41535-024-00696-6&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Plumley%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Hu, L. et al. Observation of a magnetic phase transition in monolayer NiPS3. Phys. Rev. B 107, L220407 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.107.L220407\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.107.L220407\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.107.L220407\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.107.L220407\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXhsFGitbrF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20a%20magnetic%20phase%20transition%20in%20monolayer%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.107.L220407&amp;volume=107&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Hu%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Kim, D. S. et al. Anisotropic excitons reveal local spin chain directions in a van der Waals antiferromagnet. Adv. Mater. 35, 2206585 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/adma.202206585\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/adma.202206585\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fadma.202206585\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/adma.202206585\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXmsFCntb0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 35\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Anisotropic%20excitons%20reveal%20local%20spin%20chain%20directions%20in%20a%20van%20der%20Waals%20antiferromagnet&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fadma.202206585&amp;volume=35&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Kim%2CDS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Liu, Q. et al. Magnetic order in XY-type antiferromagnetic monolayer CoPS3 revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 103, 235411 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.103.235411\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.103.235411\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.103.235411\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.103.235411\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsFShtbfF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20order%20in%20XY-type%20antiferromagnetic%20monolayer%20CoPS3%20revealed%20by%20Raman%20spectroscopy&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.103.235411&amp;volume=103&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Liu%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Na, W. et al. Direct observation and analysis of low-energy magnons with Raman spectroscopy in atomically thin NiPS3. ACS Nano 18, 20482\u201320492 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acsnano.4c04824\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acsnano.4c04824\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facsnano.4c04824\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acsnano.4c04824\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhs1ars7%2FE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Direct%20observation%20and%20analysis%20of%20low-energy%20magnons%20with%20Raman%20spectroscopy%20in%20atomically%20thin%20NiPS3&amp;journal=ACS%20Nano&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facsnano.4c04824&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=20482-20492&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Na%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Nguyen, M. H., Park, G., Park, J.-G. &amp; Cheong, H. Interlayer interaction and Davydov splitting in antiferromagnetic few-layer NiPS3. npj Quantum Mater. 10, 65 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41535-025-00788-x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41535-025-00788-x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41535-025-00788-x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41535-025-00788-x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Interlayer%20interaction%20and%20Davydov%20splitting%20in%20antiferromagnetic%20few-layer%20NiPS3&amp;journal=npj%20Quantum%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41535-025-00788-x&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Nguyen%2CMH&amp;author=Park%2CG&amp;author=Park%2CJ-G&amp;author=Cheong%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Kang, S. et al. Coherent many-body exciton in van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3. Nature 583, 785\u2013789 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-020-2520-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-020-2520-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2520-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-020-2520-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVWgt7vJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32690938\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coherent%20many-body%20exciton%20in%20van%20der%20Waals%20antiferromagnet%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2520-5&amp;volume=583&amp;pages=785-789&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Kang%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Hwangbo, K. et al. Highly anisotropic excitons and multiple phonon bound states in a van der Waals antiferromagnetic insulator. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 655\u2013660 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41565-021-00873-9\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41565-021-00873-9\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41565-021-00873-9\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41565-021-00873-9\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXmtlGgtrk%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33707746\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Highly%20anisotropic%20excitons%20and%20multiple%20phonon%20bound%20states%20in%20a%20van%20der%20Waals%20antiferromagnetic%20insulator&amp;journal=Nat.%20Nanotechnol.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41565-021-00873-9&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=655-660&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Hwangbo%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Houmes, M. J. A. et al. Magnetic order in 2D antiferromagnets revealed by spontaneous anisotropic magnetostriction. Nat. Commun. 14, 8503 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-023-44180-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-023-44180-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-023-44180-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-023-44180-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXnt1I%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38129381\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10739885\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20order%20in%202D%20antiferromagnets%20revealed%20by%20spontaneous%20anisotropic%20magnetostriction&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-023-44180-4&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Houmes%2CMJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Fiebig, M. et al. Second harmonic generation in the centrosymmetric antiferromagnet NiO. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 137202 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.137202\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.137202\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.87.137202\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.137202\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrjtlyhsA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=11580622\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Second%20harmonic%20generation%20in%20the%20centrosymmetric%20antiferromagnet%20NiO&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.87.137202&amp;volume=87&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Fiebig%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Wang, X. et al. Electronic Raman scattering in the 2D antiferromagnet NiPS3. Sci. Adv. 8, eabl7707 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abl7707\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abl7707\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abl7707\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abl7707\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XivVWqsLs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35030029\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8759744\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Electronic%20Raman%20scattering%20in%20the%202D%20antiferromagnet%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Sci.%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.abl7707&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Wang%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Wang, X. et al. Spin-induced linear polarization of photoluminescence in antiferromagnetic van der Waals crystals. Nat. Mater. 20, 964\u2013970 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41563-021-00968-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41563-021-00968-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41563-021-00968-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41563-021-00968-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXps1Kit78%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33903748\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spin-induced%20linear%20polarization%20of%20photoluminescence%20in%20antiferromagnetic%20van%20der%20Waals%20crystals&amp;journal=Nat.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41563-021-00968-7&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=964-970&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Wang%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Afanasiev, D. et al. Controlling the anisotropy of a van der Waals antiferromagnet with light. Sci. Adv. 7, eabf3096 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abf3096\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abf3096\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abf3096\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abf3096\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvVShtr7M\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34078601\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8172129\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Controlling%20the%20anisotropy%20of%20a%20van%20der%20Waals%20antiferromagnet%20with%20light&amp;journal=Sci.%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.abf3096&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Afanasiev%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Bramwell, S. T. &amp; Holdsworth, P. C. W. Magnetization and universal sub-critical behaviour in two-dimensional XY magnets. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 5, L53 (1993).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0953-8984\/5\/4\/004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0953-8984\/5\/4\/004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0953-8984%2F5%2F4%2F004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0953-8984\/5\/4\/004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetization%20and%20universal%20sub-critical%20behaviour%20in%20two-dimensional%20XY%20magnets&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20Condens.%20Matter&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0953-8984%2F5%2F4%2F004&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;author=Bramwell%2CST&amp;author=Holdsworth%2CPCW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Bedoya-Pinto, A. et al. Intrinsic 2D-XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer. Science 374, 616\u2013620 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.abd5146\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.abd5146\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.abd5146\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.abd5146\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXisVarsrnL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34709893\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Intrinsic%202D-XY%20ferromagnetism%20in%20a%20van%20der%20Waals%20monolayer&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.abd5146&amp;volume=374&amp;pages=616-620&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Bedoya-Pinto%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Szeto, K. Y., Chen, S. T. &amp; Dresselhaus, G. Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of CoCl2\u2013graphite intercalation compounds. Phys. Rev. B 32, 4628\u20134638 (1985).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.32.4628\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.32.4628\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.32.4628\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.32.4628\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXmt1Gku7Y%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Temperature%20dependence%20of%20the%20magnetic%20susceptibility%20of%20CoCl2%E2%80%93graphite%20intercalation%20compounds&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.32.4628&amp;volume=32&amp;pages=4628-4638&amp;publication_year=1985&amp;author=Szeto%2CKY&amp;author=Chen%2CST&amp;author=Dresselhaus%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Fiory, A., Hebard, A. F. &amp; Glaberson, W. Superconducting phase transitions in indium\/indium-oxide thin-film composites. Phys. Rev. B 28, 5075 (1983).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.28.5075\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.28.5075\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.28.5075\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.28.5075\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXmt1eht74%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Superconducting%20phase%20transitions%20in%20indium%2Findium-oxide%20thin-film%20composites&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.28.5075&amp;volume=28&amp;publication_year=1983&amp;author=Fiory%2CA&amp;author=Hebard%2CAF&amp;author=Glaberson%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Minnhagen, P. The two-dimensional Coulomb gas, vortex unbinding, and superfluid-superconducting films. Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1001 (1987).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.59.1001\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.59.1001\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.59.1001\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.59.1001\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXksVWgtw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20two-dimensional%20Coulomb%20gas%2C%20vortex%20unbinding%2C%20and%20superfluid-superconducting%20films&amp;journal=Rev.%20Mod.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FRevModPhys.59.1001&amp;volume=59&amp;publication_year=1987&amp;author=Minnhagen%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Caputo, D. et al. Topological order and thermal equilibrium in polariton condensates. Nat. Mater. 17, 145\u2013151 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nmat5039\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nmat5039\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnmat5039\" aria-label=\"Article reference 51\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nmat5039\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhvFWgs77L\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29200196\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Topological%20order%20and%20thermal%20equilibrium%20in%20polariton%20condensates&amp;journal=Nat.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnmat5039&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=145-151&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Caputo%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Sunami, S. et al. Universal scaling of the dynamic BKT transition in quenched 2D Bose gases. Science 382, 443\u2013447 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.abq6753\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.abq6753\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.abq6753\" aria-label=\"Article reference 52\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.abq6753\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXit1ekurvJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37883542\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Universal%20scaling%20of%20the%20dynamic%20BKT%20transition%20in%20quenched%202D%20Bose%20gases&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.abq6753&amp;volume=382&amp;pages=443-447&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Sunami%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Cheon, C.-Y. et al. Nature of 2D XY antiferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer. Nat. Commun. 17, 60 (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-025-66672-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-025-66672-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-025-66672-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-025-66672-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB28XotVemug%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nature%20of%202D%20XY%20antiferromagnetism%20in%20a%20van%20der%20Waals%20monolayer&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-025-66672-1&amp;volume=17&amp;publication_year=2026&amp;author=Cheon%2CC-Y\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Meier, D. et al. Second harmonic generation on incommensurate structures: the case of multiferroic MnWO4. Phys. Rev. B 82, 155112 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.82.155112\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.82.155112\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.82.155112\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.82.155112\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Second%20harmonic%20generation%20on%20incommensurate%20structures%3A%20the%20case%20of%20multiferroic%20MnWO4&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.82.155112&amp;volume=82&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Meier%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Denev, S. A., Lummen, T. T., Barnes, E., Kumar, A. &amp; Gopalan, V. Probing ferroelectrics using optical second harmonic generation. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 94, 2699\u20132727 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2011.04740.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2011.04740.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1551-2916.2011.04740.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2011.04740.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXht1SktLjN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Probing%20ferroelectrics%20using%20optical%20second%20harmonic%20generation&amp;journal=J.%20Amer.%20Ceram.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1551-2916.2011.04740.x&amp;volume=94&amp;pages=2699-2727&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Denev%2CSA&amp;author=Lummen%2CTT&amp;author=Barnes%2CE&amp;author=Kumar%2CA&amp;author=Gopalan%2CV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Lee, K. et al. Magnetic order and symmetry in the 2D semiconductor CrSBr. Nano Lett. 21, 3511\u20133517 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00219\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00219\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.1c00219\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00219\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXos1entbs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33856213\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20order%20and%20symmetry%20in%20the%202D%20semiconductor%20CrSBr&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.1c00219&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=3511-3517&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Lee%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Jin, W. et al. Observation of a ferro-rotational order coupled with second-order nonlinear optical fields. Nat. Phys. 16, 42\u201346 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41567-019-0695-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41567-019-0695-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41567-019-0695-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 57\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41567-019-0695-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitV2msbzE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20a%20ferro-rotational%20order%20coupled%20with%20second-order%20nonlinear%20optical%20fields&amp;journal=Nat.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41567-019-0695-1&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=42-46&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Jin%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Gao, F. Y. et al. Giant chiral magnetoelectric oscillations in a van der Waals multiferroic. Nature 632, 273\u2013279 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-024-07678-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-024-07678-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07678-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-024-07678-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhsFOmtL%2FM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=39020169\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11306099\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Giant%20chiral%20magnetoelectric%20oscillations%20in%20a%20van%20der%20Waals%20multiferroic&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07678-5&amp;volume=632&amp;pages=273-279&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Gao%2CFY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Seifert, U. F. P., Ye, M. &amp; Balents, L. Ultrafast optical excitation of magnetic dynamics in van der Waals magnets: coherent magnons and BKT dynamics in NiPS3. Phys. Rev. B 105, 155138 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.155138\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.155138\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.105.155138\" aria-label=\"Article reference 59\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.155138\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xhtlagsb%2FK\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ultrafast%20optical%20excitation%20of%20magnetic%20dynamics%20in%20van%20der%20Waals%20magnets%3A%20coherent%20magnons%20and%20BKT%20dynamics%20in%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.105.155138&amp;volume=105&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Seifert%2CUFP&amp;author=Ye%2CM&amp;author=Balents%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">DiScala, M. F. et al. Elucidating the role of dimensionality on the electronic structure of the van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3. Adv. Phys. Res. 3, 2300096 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/apxr.202300096\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/apxr.202300096\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fapxr.202300096\" aria-label=\"Article reference 60\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/apxr.202300096\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 60\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Elucidating%20the%20role%20of%20dimensionality%20on%20the%20electronic%20structure%20of%20the%20van%20der%20Waals%20antiferromagnet%20NiPS3&amp;journal=Adv.%20Phys.%20Res.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fapxr.202300096&amp;volume=3&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=DiScala%2CMF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Evans, R. F. L. et al. Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 26, 103202 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0953-8984\/26\/10\/103202\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0953-8984\/26\/10\/103202\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0953-8984%2F26%2F10%2F103202\" aria-label=\"Article reference 61\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0953-8984\/26\/10\/103202\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXmsVOitb4%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24552692\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Atomistic%20spin%20model%20simulations%20of%20magnetic%20nanomaterials&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20Condens.%20Matter&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0953-8984%2F26%2F10%2F103202&amp;volume=26&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Evans%2CRFL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mermin, N. D. The topological theory of defects in ordered media. Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 591 (1979). Article\u00a0&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":299133,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[2296,2298,2294,7943,7940,2293,2297,111,139,24623,69,2295,7941,393,147,7942,3202],"class_list":{"0":"post-299132","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-physics","8":"tag-biomaterials","9":"tag-condensed-matter-physics","10":"tag-general","11":"tag-interfaces-and-thin-films","12":"tag-magnetic-properties-and-materials","13":"tag-materials-science","14":"tag-nanotechnology","15":"tag-new-zealand","16":"tag-newzealand","17":"tag-nonlinear-optics","18":"tag-nz","19":"tag-optical-and-electronic-materials","20":"tag-phase-transitions-and-critical-phenomena","21":"tag-physics","22":"tag-science","23":"tag-surfaces","24":"tag-topological-defects"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/299132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=299132"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/299132\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/299133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=299132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=299132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=299132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}