![\"Waymo\u2019s](\"https:\/\/platform.theverge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/08\/Compute-Image-1.png?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0,0,100,100\")
<\/a><\/p>\nWaymo\u2019s compute needs to run silently while also not taking up too much room in the trunk. Image: Waymo<\/p>\n
\u201cCompute systems for autonomous driving handle highly diverse workloads,\u201d Satish Jeyachandran, VP of Engineering, and Daniel Rosenband, Compute Lead, write in the blog post. \u201cAt Waymo, we are designing a state-of-the-art system that would be considered impressive for a data center, with the added complexity of an in-vehicle operating domain and real-time requirements.\u201d<\/p>\n
Jeyachandran and Rosenband describe three core principles guiding the design of its compute: responsive, ruggedized, and redundant. The stack needs to be able to respond to sensor data as quickly and with as little latency as possible. This requires massive amounts of compute power, which Waymo has scaled 20 times in the past eight years. It also needs to be able to handle all the bumps and cracks in the road, as well as extreme temperatures. And it basically needs to be able to run two systems in parallel, in the event that one fails. These three principles are \u201cnon-negotiable,\u201d the executives write.<\/p>\n
It also needs to not take up the entire trunk. After all, there are passengers and their luggage to consider. And it needs to run nearly silent, so as not to compromise the rider experience. And while Waymo builds its compute stack itself, it also relies on a network of third-party suppliers to provide the components it can\u2019t build itself.<\/p>\n
Waymo\u2019s effort to explain how its multi-sensor system can fuse data in real time is especially noteworthy considering Tesla CEO Elon Musk\u2019s dismissal of these systems as inherently faulty. Musk has called lidar a \u201ccrutch\u201d and \u201ca fool\u2019s errand,\u201d arguing that sensor fusion between cameras, radar, and lidar introduces dangerous \u201csensor contention.\u201d He also contends that when differing sensor data disagree, figuring out which signal to trust creates deadly ambiguity rather than safety.<\/p>\n
But Waymo argues that its robust and redundant system is what enables it to deploy its vehicles at scale. \u201cWe built an [machine learning]-primary architecture to run advanced neural networks at minimal latency,\u201d the executives write. \u201cTo manage critical non-ML tasks like orchestration, data movement, and logging while maximizing time for ML computation, we pair our ML technologies with the best CPUs, GPUs, and accelerators. The result is a balanced, heterogeneous system.\u201d<\/p>\n
Waymo\u2019s custom 5nm ASCI handles the massive firehouse of incoming data from its sensors. Image: Waymo<\/p>\n In the blog post, Waymo introduces its custom silicon chip, a 5-nanometer ASIC, built to handle the massive firehose of incoming data from its sensors. Instead of sending raw, messy data straight to the car\u2019s main brain, the chip sits at the front lines cleaning up the data, combining the sensor inputs, and running fast AI checks right as the information comes in. The chip\u2019s dedicated front-end processing provides 1,000 TOPS (trillion operations a second). And because it was built specifically for Waymo\u2019s autonomous driving operations, it fits neatly in the overall stack, helping keep reaction times minimal.<\/p>\n Consider this scene below. Waymo\u2019s executives claim its system can more quickly process high-fidelity data from its 13 high-res cameras \u201csimultaneously and in real-time\u201d to deliver improved low-light perception. In that way, it can see a lot more stuff in the dark (the image on the right) that traditional cameras often miss (the image on the left).<\/p>\n Image: Waymo<\/p>\n Jeyachandran and Rosenband conclude the blog post by running through a list of hardware suppliers who are helping build Waymo\u2019s cutting edge system: AMD, Micron, Nvidia, Samsung, SanDisk, Socionext, and TSMC. Rather than try to build its own compute system from scratch, the company is instead focusing its internal efforts on real-time sensor fusion and front-end machine learning, while leaning on the global supply chain for everything else.<\/p>\n It\u2019s a revealing glimpse of the technology that Waymo uses to power its fleet of robotaxis. But the company doesn\u2019t get into one important aspect: How much does all this cost? Some estimates put it at $20,000 to $25,000 per vehicle<\/a> for its sixth-generation hardware. While that\u2019s a huge decrease from the fifth-generation\u2019s estimated cost of $100,000 to $125,0000 per vehicle, it still shows how Waymo\u2019s continued expansion could be hampered by high hardware expenses.<\/p>\n Building a brain to run an entire fleet of driverless cars is a monumental achievement, no question. But building a business that can make a profit is another challenge altogether.<\/p>\n Follow topics and authors from this story to see more like this in your personalized homepage feed and to receive email updates.Andrew J. HawkinsClose Andrew J. Hawkins<\/p>\n Posts from this author will be added to your daily email digest and your homepage feed.<\/p>\n FollowFollow<\/p>\n See All by Andrew J. Hawkins<\/a><\/p>\n Autonomous CarsClose<\/p>\n Autonomous Cars<\/p>\n Posts from this topic will be added to your daily email digest and your homepage feed.<\/p>\n FollowFollow<\/p>\n See All Autonomous Cars<\/a><\/p>\n NewsClose<\/p>\n News<\/p>\n Posts from this topic will be added to your daily email digest and your homepage feed.<\/p>\n FollowFollow<\/p>\n See All News<\/a><\/p>\n TechClose<\/p>\n Tech<\/p>\n Posts from this topic will be added to your daily email digest and your homepage feed.<\/p>\n FollowFollow<\/p>\n See All Tech<\/a><\/p>\n TransportationClose<\/p>\n Transportation<\/p>\n Posts from this topic will be added to your daily email digest and your homepage feed.<\/p>\n FollowFollow<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n