{"id":589981,"date":"2026-09-04T13:36:10","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T13:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/589981\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T13:36:10","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T13:36:10","slug":"a-gestation-dependent-association-between-chorioamnionitis-and-early-transepidermal-water-loss-in-extremely-preterm-infants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/589981\/","title":{"rendered":"A gestation-dependent association between chorioamnionitis and early transepidermal water loss in extremely preterm infants"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Evans, N. J. &amp; Rutter, N. Development of the epidermis in the newborn. Biol. Neonate 74\u201380 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000242513\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1159\/000242513\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000242513<\/a> (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Chiou, Y. B. &amp; Blume-Peytavi, U. Stratum corneum maturation. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 17, 57\u201366 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1159\/000076015\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1159\/000076015\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159%2F000076015\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1159\/000076015\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c%2Fos1yhtA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=14976382\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stratum%20corneum%20maturation&amp;journal=Skin%20Pharmacol.%20Physiol.&amp;doi=10.1159%2F000076015&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=57-66&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Chiou%2CYB&amp;author=Blume-Peytavi%2CU\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Rutter, N. Clinical consequences of an immature barrier. Semin. Neonatol. 5, 281\u2013287 (2000).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1053\/siny.2000.0014\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1053\/siny.2000.0014\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053%2Fsiny.2000.0014\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1053\/siny.2000.0014\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FntFCqtg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=11032711\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Clinical%20consequences%20of%20an%20immature%20barrier&amp;journal=Semin.%20Neonatol.&amp;doi=10.1053%2Fsiny.2000.0014&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=281-287&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;author=Rutter%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Sedin, G., Hammarlund, K. &amp; Str\u00f6mberg, B. Transepidermal water loss in full-term and pre-term infants. Acta Paediatr. 72, 27\u201331 (1983).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09855.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09855.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1651-2227.1983.tb09855.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09855.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Transepidermal%20water%20loss%20in%20full-term%20and%20pre-term%20infants&amp;journal=Acta%20Paediatr.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1651-2227.1983.tb09855.x&amp;volume=72&amp;pages=27-31&amp;publication_year=1983&amp;author=Sedin%2CG&amp;author=Hammarlund%2CK&amp;author=Str%C3%B6mberg%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">\u00c5gren, J., Sj\u00f6rs, G. &amp; Sedin, G. Transepidermal water loss in infants born at 24 and 25 weeks of gestation. Acta Paediatr. 87, 1185\u20131190 (1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb00928.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb00928.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1651-2227.1998.tb00928.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb00928.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=9846922\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Transepidermal%20water%20loss%20in%20infants%20born%20at%2024%20and%2025%20weeks%20of%20gestation&amp;journal=Acta%20Paediatr.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1651-2227.1998.tb00928.x&amp;volume=87&amp;pages=1185-1190&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=%C3%85gren%2CJ&amp;author=Sj%C3%B6rs%2CG&amp;author=Sedin%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Nonato, L., Lund, C., Kalia, Y. &amp; Guy, R. Transepidermal water loss in 24 and 25 weeks gestational age infants. Acta Paediatr. 89, 747\u2013748 (2000).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00378.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00378.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1651-2227.2000.tb00378.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00378.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FotFeltw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=10914980\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Transepidermal%20water%20loss%20in%2024%20and%2025%20weeks%20gestational%20age%20infants&amp;journal=Acta%20Paediatr.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1651-2227.2000.tb00378.x&amp;volume=89&amp;pages=747-748&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;author=Nonato%2CL&amp;author=Lund%2CC&amp;author=Kalia%2CY&amp;author=Guy%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Stoll, B. J. et al. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD neonatal research network. Pediatrics 126, 443\u2013456 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542%2Fpeds.2009-2959\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20732945\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2982806\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Neonatal%20outcomes%20of%20extremely%20preterm%20infants%20from%20the%20NICHD%20neonatal%20research%20network&amp;journal=Pediatrics&amp;doi=10.1542%2Fpeds.2009-2959&amp;volume=126&amp;pages=443-456&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Stoll%2CBJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Kov\u00e1cs, K. et al. The histologic fetal inflammatory response and neonatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 230, 493\u2013511.e3 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.11.1223\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.11.1223\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2023.11.1223\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.11.1223\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37967697\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20histologic%20fetal%20inflammatory%20response%20and%20neonatal%20outcomes%3A%20systematic%20review%20and%20meta-analysis&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Obstet.%20Gynecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2023.11.1223&amp;volume=230&amp;pages=493-511.e3&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Kov%C3%A1cs%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Trevisanuto, D. et al. Fetal placental inflammation is associated with poor neonatal growth of preterm infants: a case-control study. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 26, 1484\u20131490 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3109\/14767058.2013.789849\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3109\/14767058.2013.789849\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109%2F14767058.2013.789849\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.3109\/14767058.2013.789849\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23560517\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Fetal%20placental%20inflammation%20is%20associated%20with%20poor%20neonatal%20growth%20of%20preterm%20infants%3A%20a%20case-control%20study&amp;journal=J.%20Matern.%20Fetal%20Neonatal%20Med.&amp;doi=10.3109%2F14767058.2013.789849&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=1484-1490&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Trevisanuto%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Liu, Z., Tang, Z., Li, J. &amp; Yang, Y. Effects of placental inflammation on neonatal outcome in preterm infants. Pediatr. Neonatol. 55, 35\u201340 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2013.05.007\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2013.05.007\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.pedneo.2013.05.007\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2013.05.007\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23899553\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effects%20of%20placental%20inflammation%20on%20neonatal%20outcome%20in%20preterm%20infants&amp;journal=Pediatr.%20Neonatol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.pedneo.2013.05.007&amp;volume=55&amp;pages=35-40&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Liu%2CZ&amp;author=Tang%2CZ&amp;author=Li%2CJ&amp;author=Yang%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">McGrath, C. P. &amp; Boyle, M. A. Early transepidermal water loss in term neonates and its perinatal influences using a closed-chamber system. Acta Paediatr. apa.70583 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.70583\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/apa.70583\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.70583<\/a>. (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Khong, T. Y. et al. Sampling and definitions of placental lesions: amsterdam placental workshop group consensus statement. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 140, 698\u2013713 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0225-CC\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0225-CC\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858%2Farpa.2015-0225-CC\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0225-CC\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27223167\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sampling%20and%20definitions%20of%20placental%20lesions%3A%20amsterdam%20placental%20workshop%20group%20consensus%20statement&amp;journal=Arch.%20Pathol.%20Lab.%20Med.&amp;doi=10.5858%2Farpa.2015-0225-CC&amp;volume=140&amp;pages=698-713&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Khong%2CTY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Rippke, F., Schreiner, V. &amp; Schwanitz, H.-J. The acidic milieu of the horny layer: new findings on the physiology and pathophysiology of skin pH. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 3, 261\u2013272 (2002).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2165\/00128071-200203040-00004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2165\/00128071-200203040-00004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165%2F00128071-200203040-00004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.2165\/00128071-200203040-00004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12010071\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20acidic%20milieu%20of%20the%20horny%20layer%3A%20new%20findings%20on%20the%20physiology%20and%20pathophysiology%20of%20skin%20pH&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Clin.%20Dermatol.&amp;doi=10.2165%2F00128071-200203040-00004&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=261-272&amp;publication_year=2002&amp;author=Rippke%2CF&amp;author=Schreiner%2CV&amp;author=Schwanitz%2CH-J\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Chikakane, K. &amp; Takahashi, H. Measurement of skin pH and its significance in cutaneous diseases. Clin. Dermatol. 13, 299\u2013306 (1995).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/0738-081X(95)00076-R\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/0738-081X(95)00076-R\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0738-081X%2895%2900076-R\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/0738-081X(95)00076-R\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaK283jsFyjsA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=8665438\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Measurement%20of%20skin%20pH%20and%20its%20significance%20in%20cutaneous%20diseases&amp;journal=Clin.%20Dermatol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2F0738-081X%2895%2900076-R&amp;volume=13&amp;pages=299-306&amp;publication_year=1995&amp;author=Chikakane%2CK&amp;author=Takahashi%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Snyder, C. C. et al. Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis by Ureaplasma parvum in sheep. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 208, 399.e1\u2013399.e8 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.02.018\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.02.018\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2013.02.018\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.02.018\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXktlCmsbc%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23410690\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3637868\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Modulation%20of%20lipopolysaccharide-induced%20chorioamnionitis%20by%20Ureaplasma%20parvum%20in%20sheep&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Obstet.%20Gynecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2013.02.018&amp;volume=208&amp;pages=399.e1-399.e8&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Snyder%2CCC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Harper\u2019s Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. (Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, UK, 2011). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444345384\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/9781444345384\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444345384<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Narendran, V., Visscher, M. O., Abril, I., Hendrix, S. W. &amp; Hoath, S. B. Biomarkers of epidermal innate immunity in premature and full-term infants. Pediatr. Res. 67, 382\u2013386 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181d00b73\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181d00b73\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203%2FPDR.0b013e3181d00b73\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181d00b73\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjt1Knt7w%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20032813\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Biomarkers%20of%20epidermal%20innate%20immunity%20in%20premature%20and%20full-term%20infants&amp;journal=Pediatr.%20Res.&amp;doi=10.1203%2FPDR.0b013e3181d00b73&amp;volume=67&amp;pages=382-386&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Narendran%2CV&amp;author=Visscher%2CMO&amp;author=Abril%2CI&amp;author=Hendrix%2CSW&amp;author=Hoath%2CSB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Casey, M. L., Cox, S. M., Beutler, B., Milewich, L. &amp; MacDonald, P. C. Cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor-alpha formation in human decidua. Potential role of cytokines in infection-induced preterm labor. J. Clin. Investig. 83, 430\u2013436 (1989).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1172\/JCI113901\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1172\/JCI113901\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172%2FJCI113901\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1172\/JCI113901\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXhslWnsbk%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=2913048\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC303698\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cachectin%2Ftumor%20necrosis%20factor-alpha%20formation%20in%20human%20decidua.%20Potential%20role%20of%20cytokines%20in%20infection-induced%20preterm%20labor&amp;journal=J.%20Clin.%20Investig.&amp;doi=10.1172%2FJCI113901&amp;volume=83&amp;pages=430-436&amp;publication_year=1989&amp;author=Casey%2CML&amp;author=Cox%2CSM&amp;author=Beutler%2CB&amp;author=Milewich%2CL&amp;author=MacDonald%2CPC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Kim, Y. M. et al. Dermatitis as a component of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome is associated with activation of Toll-like receptors in epidermal keratinocytes. Histopathology 49, 506\u2013514 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02542.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02542.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2559.2006.02542.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02542.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD28njtFahtg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17064297\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1804207\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dermatitis%20as%20a%20component%20of%20the%20fetal%20inflammatory%20response%20syndrome%20is%20associated%20with%20activation%20of%20Toll-like%20receptors%20in%20epidermal%20keratinocytes&amp;journal=Histopathology&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1365-2559.2006.02542.x&amp;volume=49&amp;pages=506-514&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Kim%2CYM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Evans, N. J. &amp; Rutter, N. Development of the epidermis in the newborn. Biol. Neonate 74\u201380 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000242513 (2009).&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":589982,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[2294,134,14214,111,139,69,185395,13167],"class_list":["post-589981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-health","tag-general","tag-health","tag-medicine-public-health","tag-new-zealand","tag-newzealand","tag-nz","tag-pediatric-surgery","tag-pediatrics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/589981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=589981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/589981\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/589982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=589981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=589981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/nz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=589981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}