Authors and Affiliations

Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

Dmitry A. Abanin, Rajeev Acharya, Laleh Aghababaie-Beni, Georg Aigeldinger, Ross Alcaraz, Igor Aleiner, Trond I. Andersen, Markus Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Abraham Asfaw, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Juan Atalaya, Ryan Babbush, Dave Bacon, Brian Ballard, Joseph C. Bardin, Andreas Bengtsson, Alexander Bilmes, Sergio Boixo, Gina Bortoli, Alexandre Bourassa, Jenna Bovaird, Dylan Bowers, Leon Brill, Michael Broughton, David A. Browne, Brett Buchea, Bob B. Buckley, David A. Buell, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Anthony Cabrera, Juan Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Yu Chen, Zijun Chen, Ben Chiaro, Liang-Ying Chih, Desmond Chik, Charina Chou, Jahan Claes, Agnetta Y. Cleland, Josh Cogan, Roberto Collins, Paul Conner, William Courtney, Alexander L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Sayan Das, Laura De Lorenzo, Dripto M. Debroy, Sean Demura, Michel Devoret, Agustin Di Paolo, Paul Donohoe, Ilya Drozdov, Andrew Dunsworth, Clint Earle, Alec Eickbusch, Aviv Moshe Elbag, Mahmoud Elzouka, Catherine Erickson, Lara Faoro, Edward Farhi, Vinicius S. Ferreira, Leslie Flores Burgos, Ebrahim Forati, Austin G. Fowler, Brooks Foxen, Suhas Ganjam, Gonzalo Garcia, Robert Gasca, Élie Genois, William Giang, Craig Gidney, Dar Gilboa, Raja Gosula, Alejandro Grajales Dau, Dietrich Graumann, Alex Greene, Jonathan A. Gross, Steve Habegger, John Hall, Michael C. Hamilton, Monica Hansen, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Stephen Heslin, Paula Heu, Oscar Higgott, Gordon Hill, Jeremy Hilton, Sabrina Hong, Hsin-Yuan Huang, Ashley Huff, William J. Huggins, Lev B. Ioffe, Sergei V. Isakov, Justin Iveland, Evan Jeffrey, Zhang Jiang, Xiaoxuan Jin, Cody Jones, Stephen Jordan, Chaitali Joshi, Pavol Juhas, Andreas Kabel, Dvir Kafri, Hui Kang, Amir H. Karamlou, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Julian Kelly, Trupti Khaire, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, Seon Kim, Robbie King, Paul V. Klimov, Andrey R. Klots, Bryce Kobrin, Alexander N. Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, Robin Kothari, John Mark Kreikebaum, Vladislav D. Kurilovich, David Landhuis, Tiano Lange-Dei, Brandon W. Langley, Pavel Laptev, Kim-Ming Lau, Loïck Le Guevel, Justin Ledford, Joonho Lee, Kenny Lee, Yuri D. Lensky, Shannon Leon, Brian J. Lester, Wing Yan Li, Alexander T. Lill, Wayne Liu, William P. Livingston, Aditya Locharla, Erik Lucero, Daniel Lundahl, Aaron Lunt, Sid Madhuk, Fionn D. Malone, Ashley Maloney, Salvatore Mandrà, James M. Manyika, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Steven Martin, Yossi Matias, Cameron Maxfield, Jarrod R. McClean, Matt McEwen, Seneca Meeks, Anthony Megrant, Xiao Mi, Kevin C. Miao, Amanda Mieszala, Zlatko Minev, Reza Molavi, Sebastian Molina, Shirin Montazeri, Alexis Morvan, Ramis Movassagh, Wojciech Mruczkiewicz, Ofer Naaman, Matthew Neeley, Charles Neill, Ani Nersisyan, Hartmut Neven, Michael Newman, Jiun How Ng, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Nguyen, Chia-Hung Ni, Murphy Yuezhen Niu, Logan Oas, Thomas E. O’Brien, William D. Oliver, Alex Opremcak, Kristoffer Ottosson, Andre Petukhov, Alex Pizzuto, John Platt, Rebecca Potter, Orion Pritchard, Leonid P. Pryadko, Chris Quintana, Ganesh Ramachandran, Matthew J. Reagor, John Redding, David M. Rhodes, Gabrielle Roberts, Eliott Rosenberg, Emma Rosenfeld, Pedram Roushan, Nicholas C. Rubin, Negar Saei, Daniel Sank, Kannan Sankaragomathi, Kevin J. Satzinger, Alexander Schmidhuber, Henry F. Schurkus, Christopher Schuster, Michael J. Shearn, Aaron Shorter, Noah Shutty, Vladimir Shvarts, Volodymyr Sivak, Jindra Skruzny, Spencer Small, Vadim Smelyanskiy, W. Clarke Smith, Rolando D. Somma, Sofia Springer, George Sterling, Doug Strain, Jordan Suchard, Philippe Suchsland, Aaron Szasz, Alex Sztein, Douglas Thor, Eifu Tomita, Alfredo Torres, M. Mert Torunbalci, Abeer Vaishnav, Justin Vargas, Sergey Vdovichev, Guifre Vidal, Benjamin Villalonga, Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller, Steven Waltman, Shannon X. Wang, Brayden Ware, Kate Weber, Travis Weidel, Tom Westerhout, Theodore White, Kristi Wong, Bryan W. K. Woo, Cheng Xing, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Bicheng Ying, Juhwan Yoo, Noureldin Yosri, Grayson Young, Adam Zalcman, Yaxing Zhang, Ningfeng Zhu & Nicholas Zobrist

Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

Dmitry A. Abanin

Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

Ashok Ajoy, Christian Bengs & Chongwei Zhang

Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

Ashok Ajoy & Christian Bengs

CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Ashok Ajoy

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA

Joseph C. Bardin

NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA

Saul Cohen, Hanfeng Gu, Ikko Hamamura & Elica Kyoseva

Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

Michel Devoret

Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

Ilya Drozdov

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA

Michael C. Hamilton

Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA

Robbie King & Thomas Schuster

Computational and Mathematical Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA

Robbie King

Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Joonho Lee

Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA

Salvatore Mandrà

KBR, Houston, TX, USA

Salvatore Mandrà

Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

Murphy Yuezhen Niu

Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

William D. Oliver

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

William D. Oliver

Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

William D. Oliver

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA

Leonid P. Pryadko

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA

Chandrasekhar Ramanathan

Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA

Thomas Schuster

Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany

Philippe Suchsland

ConsortiaGoogle Quantum AI and CollaboratorsDmitry A. Abanin, Rajeev Acharya, Laleh Aghababaie-Beni, Georg Aigeldinger, Ashok Ajoy, Ross Alcaraz, Igor Aleiner, Trond I. Andersen, Markus Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Abraham Asfaw, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Juan Atalaya, Ryan Babbush, Dave Bacon, Brian Ballard, Joseph C. Bardin, Christian Bengs, Andreas Bengtsson, Alexander Bilmes, Sergio Boixo, Gina Bortoli, Alexandre Bourassa, Jenna Bovaird, Dylan Bowers, Leon Brill, Michael Broughton, David A. Browne, Brett Buchea, Bob B. Buckley, David A. Buell, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Anthony Cabrera, Juan Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Yu Chen, Zijun Chen, Ben Chiaro, Liang-Ying Chih, Desmond Chik, Charina Chou, Jahan Claes, Agnetta Y. Cleland, Josh Cogan, Saul Cohen, Roberto Collins, Paul Conner, William Courtney, Alexander L. Crook, Ben Curtin, Sayan Das, Laura De Lorenzo, Dripto M. Debroy, Sean Demura, Michel Devoret, Agustin Di Paolo, Paul Donohoe, Ilya Drozdov, Andrew Dunsworth, Clint Earle, Alec Eickbusch, Aviv Moshe Elbag, Mahmoud Elzouka, Catherine Erickson, Lara Faoro, Edward Farhi, Vinicius S. Ferreira, Leslie Flores Burgos, Ebrahim Forati, Austin G. Fowler, Brooks Foxen, Suhas Ganjam, Gonzalo Garcia, Robert Gasca, Élie Genois, William Giang, Craig Gidney, Dar Gilboa, Raja Gosula, Alejandro Grajales Dau, Dietrich Graumann, Alex Greene, Jonathan A. Gross, Hanfeng Gu, Steve Habegger, John Hall, Ikko Hamamura, Michael C. Hamilton, Monica Hansen, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Stephen Heslin, Paula Heu, Oscar Higgott, Gordon Hill, Jeremy Hilton, Sabrina Hong, Hsin-Yuan Huang, Ashley Huff, William J. Huggins, Lev B. Ioffe, Sergei V. Isakov, Justin Iveland, Evan Jeffrey, Zhang Jiang, Xiaoxuan Jin, Cody Jones, Stephen Jordan, Chaitali Joshi, Pavol Juhas, Andreas Kabel, Dvir Kafri, Hui Kang, Amir H. Karamlou, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Julian Kelly, Trupti Khaire, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, Seon Kim, Robbie King, Paul V. Klimov, Andrey R. Klots, Bryce Kobrin, Alexander N. Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, Robin Kothari, John Mark Kreikebaum, Vladislav D. Kurilovich, Elica Kyoseva, David Landhuis, Tiano Lange-Dei, Brandon W. Langley, Pavel Laptev, Kim-Ming Lau, Loïck Le Guevel, Justin Ledford, Joonho Lee, Kenny Lee, Yuri D. Lensky, Shannon Leon, Brian J. Lester, Wing Yan Li, Alexander T. Lill, Wayne Liu, William P. Livingston, Aditya Locharla, Erik Lucero, Daniel Lundahl, Aaron Lunt, Sid Madhuk, Fionn D. Malone, Ashley Maloney, Salvatore Mandrà, James M. Manyika, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Steven Martin, Yossi Matias, Cameron Maxfield, Jarrod R. McClean, Matt McEwen, Seneca Meeks, Anthony Megrant, Xiao Mi, Kevin C. Miao, Amanda Mieszala, Zlatko Minev, Reza Molavi, Sebastian Molina, Shirin Montazeri, Alexis Morvan, Ramis Movassagh, Wojciech Mruczkiewicz, Ofer Naaman, Matthew Neeley, Charles Neill, Ani Nersisyan, Hartmut Neven, Michael Newman, Jiun How Ng, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Nguyen, Chia-Hung Ni, Murphy Yuezhen Niu, Logan Oas, Thomas E. O’Brien, William D. Oliver, Alex Opremcak, Kristoffer Ottosson, Andre Petukhov, Alex Pizzuto, John Platt, Rebecca Potter, Orion Pritchard, Leonid P. Pryadko, Chris Quintana, Ganesh Ramachandran, Chandrasekhar Ramanathan, Matthew J. Reagor, John Redding, David M. Rhodes, Gabrielle Roberts, Eliott Rosenberg, Emma Rosenfeld, Pedram Roushan, Nicholas C. Rubin, Negar Saei, Daniel Sank, Kannan Sankaragomathi, Kevin J. Satzinger, Alexander Schmidhuber, Henry F. Schurkus, Christopher Schuster, Thomas Schuster, Michael J. Shearn, Aaron Shorter, Noah Shutty, Vladimir Shvarts, Volodymyr Sivak, Jindra Skruzny, Spencer Small, Vadim Smelyanskiy, W. Clarke Smith, Rolando D. Somma, Sofia Springer, George Sterling, Doug Strain, Jordan Suchard, Philippe Suchsland, Aaron Szasz, Alex Sztein, Douglas Thor, Eifu Tomita, Alfredo Torres, M. Mert Torunbalci, Abeer Vaishnav, Justin Vargas, Sergey Vdovichev, Guifre Vidal, Benjamin Villalonga, Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller, Steven Waltman, Shannon X. Wang, Brayden Ware, Kate Weber, Travis Weidel, Tom Westerhout, Theodore White, Kristi Wong, Bryan W. K. Woo, Cheng Xing, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Bicheng Ying, Juhwan Yoo, Noureldin Yosri, Grayson Young, Adam Zalcman, Chongwei Zhang, Yaxing Zhang, Ningfeng Zhu & Nicholas ZobristContributions

D.A.A., R. Acharya, L.A.-B., G.A., R. Alcaraz, I.A., T.I.A., M.A., F.A., K.A., A. Asfaw, N.A., J.A., R.B., D. Bacon, B. Ballard, J.C.B., A. Bengtsson, A. Bilmes, S.B., G.B., A. Bourassa, J.B., D. Bowers, L.B., M.B., D.A. Browne, B. Buchea, B.B.B., D.A. Buell, T.B., B. Burkett, N.B., A.C., J. Campero, H.-S.C., Y.C., Z.C., B. Chiaro, L.-Y.C., D.C., C.C., J. Cogan, A.Y.C., J. Claes, R.C., P.C., W.C., A.L.C., B. Curtin, S. Das, L.D.L., D.M.D., S. Demura, M.D., A.D.P., P.D., I.D., A.D., C. Earle, A.E., A.M.E., M.E., C. Erickson, L.F., E. Farhi, V.S.F., L.F.B., E. Forati, A.G.F., B.F., S.G., G.G., R. Gasca, É.G., W.G., C.G., D. Gilboa, R. Gosula, A.G.D., D. Graumann, A.G., J.A.G., S. Heslin, J. Hall, M.C.H., M.H., M.P.H., S.D.H., S. Habegger, P.H., O.H., G.H., J. Hilton, S. Hong, H.-Y.H., A.H., W.J.H., L.B.I., S.V.I., J.I., E.J., Z.J., X.J., C. Jones, S.J., C. Joshi, P.J., A.K., D.K., H.K., A.H.K., K.K., J.K., T. Khaire, T. Khattar, M.K., S.K., R. King, P.V.K., R. Kothari, B.K., A.N.K., F.K., R. Kothari, J.M.K., V.D.K., D. Landhuis, T.L.-D., B.W.L., P.L., K.-M.L., L.L.G., J. Ledford, J. Lee, K.L., Y.D.L., S.L., B.J.L., W.Y.L., A.T.L., W.L., W.P.L., A. Locharla, E.L., D. Lundahl, A. Lunt, S. Madhuk, F.D.M., A. Maloney, S. Mandrà, J.M.M., L.S.M., O.M., S. Molina, Y.M., C.M., J.R.M., M.M., S. Montazeri, A. Megrant, X.M., K.C.M., A. Mieszala, Z.M., R. Movassagh, S. Meeks, S. Martin, A. Morvan, R. Molavi, W.M., O.N., M. Neeley, C.N., A. Nersisyan, H.N., M. Newman, J.H.N., A. Nguyen, M. Nguyen, C.-H.N., M.Y.N., L.O., T.E.O., W.D.O., A.O., K.O., A. Petukhov, A. Pizzuto, J.P., R.P., O.P., L.P.P., C.Q., G. Ramachandran, M.J.R., J.R., D.M.R., G. Roberts, E. Rosenberg, E. Rosenfeld, P.R., N.C.R., N. Saei, D. Strain, K.S., K.J.S., A. Shorter, H.F.S., C.S., T.S., M.J.S., A. Szasz, N. Shutty, V. Shvarts, V. Sivak, J. Skruzny, S. Small, V. Smelyanskiy, W.C.S., R.D.S., S. Springer, G.S., D. Sank, J. Suchard, P.S., A. Sztein, A. Schmidhuber, D.T., E.T., A.T., M.M.T., A.V., J.V., S.V., G.V., B.V., C.V.H., S.W., S.X.W., B.W., K. Wong, T. Weidel, T. Westerhout, T. White, K. Weber, B.W.K.W., C.X., Z.J.Y., P.Y., B.Y., J.Y., N.Y., G.Y., A.Z., Y.Z., N. Zhu and N. Zobrist performed the experiment, developed the theory behind the experiment, analysed the data and built the associated infrastructure supporting the experiment. S.C., H.G., I.H. and E.K. contributed to the classical simulation of OTOCs. A. Ajoy, C.Z., C.B. and C.R. contributed to the formulation of the Hamiltonian learning experiment. All authors participated in writing and revising the paper and Supplementary Information.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to
Hartmut Neven.