A meteorite found in Morocco has revealed an unusually high concentration of water. At 2.1 billion years old, the rock contains ten times more water than any previously studied Martian meteorite and may be the first confirmed sample from the planet’s crust.
The discovery began with meteorite collector Jay Piatek, who purchased a small stone weighing less than a pound. When researchers at the University of New Mexico examined it, they quickly realized it did not match the composition of known Martian meteorites.
That discrepancy led scientists to compare the sample with data gathered by Curiosity and other missions. The results pointed to a new origin: not the mantle, as seen in earlier samples, but the Martian crust, an area far less represented in meteorite collections.
Rover Comparisons Confirm a Crustal Origin
The meteorite’s classification marks a turning point in planetary science. As explained by a NASA statement, most Martian meteorites analyzed to date have originated deep within the planet.
This sample, however, aligns more closely with measurements taken directly on the Red Planet by robotic explorers. According to comparisons with rover data, including that from Curiosity, the rock’s chemistry reflects crustal material rather than mantle-derived magma.
“The contents of this meteorite may challenge many long held notions about Martian geology,” said John Grunsfeld, who served as associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. “These findings also present an important reference frame for the Curiosity rover as it searches for reduced organics in the minerals exposed in the bedrock of Gale Crater.”
The space rock is composed of basaltic breccia, a mixture of volcanic fragments cemented together. This formation suggests rapid cooling of lava at or near the surface, a process associated with crustal activity. While similar rocks have been identified on the Moon, scientists had not previously confirmed such material from the Earth’s neighboring planet.
(A) Exterior and sectioned views of the Moroccan Martian meteorite with scale; (B) high-resolution image displaying its fragmented basaltic breccia texture. Credit: Science
Scientists Detect Record-Breaking Water Content
The most striking feature of this fragment, known as (NWA) 7034, is its water content. The study, published in Science, found that the sample contains water at levels of approximately 6,000 parts per million, far exceeding previous measurements in Martian meteorites.
“Though the fist-sized rock is relatively dry by earthly standards, it contains between 10 and 30 times the average concentration of water found in other known martian meteorites, and it is the first to closely match certain aspects of the martian crust,” stated a ScienceShot report.
This water is trapped within the crystal structure of the rock, indicating past interactions between minerals and water-bearing environments. As explained by Andrew Steele of the Carnegie Institution:
“The high water content could mean there was an interaction of the rocks with surface water either from volcanic magma, or from fluids from impacting comets during that time.” Earlier meteorite studies had suggested the presence of water on Mars, though never at this scale.
A fragment of the Martian meteorite NWA 7034, recovered in Morocco. Credit: Carl Agee
A Rare Record of the Amazonian Epoch
Scientists estimate its age at 2.1 billion years, placing its formation during the Amazonian epoch, a period for which physical samples have been lacking. The researchers said that this gap has limited direct study of rust-colored planet’ more recent geological past. The newly analyzed planetary fragment begins to fill that void.
Its composition, volcanic in origin yet rich in water, points to a more complex interaction between geological and hydrological processes than previously documented for that era. Steele described the metorite as:
“the richest Martian meteorite geochemically.” He added that: “Further analyses are bound to unleash more surprises.”
The sample continues to be studied, and scientists expect further insights as analysis progresses. This small rock currently stands as one of the most detailed records of the dusty planet’s crust and its connection to water.