Dutch media likened the alleged events to the case of Gisèle Pelicot, whose husband repeatedly drugged her and invited dozens of men to rape her in France.
Police in the Netherlands said on Thursday the arrests were made after they raided the homes of eight suspects – men aged between 21 and 51 identified through the online groups – in late May.
Detectives are now studying computers, USB sticks, SD cards and phones seized during the raids.
Drugs and weapons were also found at some of the locations.
The charges against the suspects vary. They include alleged participation in the online groups, creation or distribution of sexual imagery, and “endangering victims by drugging them, up to and including (attempted) rape”.
Milou van der Kolk of the Rotterdam sexual crimes team said it was not yet clear how many victims may have been targeted.
“This is a case with an enormous impact,” she said.
“As a victim, you may not know what happened to you, because you may have been drugged and were unconscious.
“The news that your partner or an acquaintance may have drugged you and perhaps even raped you or attempted to do so can turn your life completely upside down.”