The phased rollout will begin in the Winchester City Council district in October, with all households set to receive the service by the end of March.
Winchester City Council says the new scheme will help cut emissions and divert waste from incineration.
Steve Cramoysan, councillor and cabinet member for recycling and public protection, said: “We know that Winchester district residents are highly motivated to recycle their waste.
“A recent ‘Rethinking Recycling’ survey showed that residents would welcome a household food waste recycling collection.”
Food waste collected through the service will be taken to an anaerobic digestion plant, where it will be converted into renewable energy and fertiliser for farms.
The council estimates the scheme could cut carbon dioxide emissions by 1,900 tonnes a year – equivalent to driving 190 times around the world in a petrol car.
Councillor Cramoysan said: “Most of us are really careful not to waste food, but some waste is unavoidable.
“For example, peelings, chicken or fish bones, coffee grounds or tea bags.
“This new service will enable our district to recycle food waste into energy, reducing carbon emissions and going greener faster.
“I encourage everyone to take part when their service starts.”
Winchester City Council’s district incudes Whiteley, Knowle, Bishops Waltham among other areas.
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Collections will take place weekly on residents’ usual bin day.
Households will receive a small grey kitchen caddy, an outdoor bin with a locking handle, a starter roll of compostable liners and information on how to use the service up to three weeks before collections begin.
Communal properties will be given shared outdoor wheelie bins.
To support the rollout, the council has purchased nine specialist food waste collection vehicles.
The vehicles are fuelled by hydrotreated vegetable oil instead of diesel, which the council says will reduce carbon emissions by up to 94 per cent.
Residents will soon receive updated bin calendars and a letter introducing the food waste collections.
Details of the rollout and start dates for each area will be available on the city council’s website.