Elite Formula One drivers from across the globe will be gearing up for glory at the 17th annual Abu Dhabi Grand Prix on Yas Island in December.
The now traditional finale to the high-octane racing calendar is a proud UAE success story – but you might be surprised to learn Lewis Hamilton and Lando Norris are not alone in supplying British grit to go with the glitz and glamour.
A key ingredient in the sporting spectacle’s road to success is greywacke, a sandstone rock noted for its hardness, laid down up to 600 million years ago as the Earth was formed.
The name comes from Germany, where it makes up much of the northern Harz Mountains.
Deposits are found across northern Europe, especially Britain, where it is used as a building material, in New Zealand’s Southern Alps and in Egypt, where it was once used to carve 3,000 year pharaonic statues.
Paving the way
So how, then, did thousands of tonnes end up on Abu Dhabi’s Yas Island?
The answer can be found near the village of Bayson Hill, on the outskirts of the medieval county town of Shrewsbury in England. Under the Shropshire Hills is a large deposit of greywacke rocks, extracted and sold as gritstone by Tarmac, the company which owns the quarry.
Gritstone has been dug up here since the 18th century, but its use has considerably increased since the advent of the car. Mixed with tarmac, it creates a remarkably durable road surface, especially where there is high traffic, such as motorways. And this is where Abu Dhabi comes in.
Back in January 2007, and in front of an enthusiastic crowd, it was announced that Abu Dhabi would now host a Formula One Grand Prix. The first race would be held at the end of 2009 at a new Yas Marina Circuit. There was only one small hitch … the race track did not exist.
The story of a how a Formula One circuit was built in just over two years is one of the marvels of modern construction and planning. There could have been no delays, for the race was already in the Grand Prix calendar.
Designed by the New York-based Egyptian architect Hani Rashid and Lise Anne Couture of Asymptote Architecture. it featured a hotel that formed a bridge over the race and innovative lighting to ensure the race would finish after dark.
The track was the work of Hermann Tilke, a German engineer and designer responsible for the Bahrain and Shanghai circuits, among many others. And the whole thing was built on an island made of sand.
The stability of the actual track, then, was crucial. And for that they turned to the gold standard of durability: Shropshire greywacke.
An order was place for 4,000 tonnes of “conglomerate” stone, with small pieces of greywacke unsuitable for building but excellent for other uses such as roads. Each piece was graded in industrial sieves to ensure it was a standard 11mm – about the size of a blueberry.
Once dug up it was transported first in lorryloads of one tonne bags and then by sea to Abu Dhabi, where it arrived in January 2009, only 10 months before the inaugural race. Laid down in time, it has now survived 16 races, winning praise from racing drivers for its excellent grip, as has the Bahrain circuit, which uses the same stone.
But when you have lasted 600 million years, what difference does the extra decade and a half make?
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Uefa Champions League semi-finals, first leg
Liverpool v Roma
When: April 24, 10.45pm kick-off (UAE)
Where: Anfield, Liverpool
Live: BeIN Sports HD
Second leg: May 2, Stadio Olimpico, Rome
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Alastair Cook, Mark Stoneman, James Vince, Joe Root (captain), Dawid Malan, Jonny Bairstow, Moeen Ali, Chris Woakes, Craig Overton, Stuart Broad, James Anderson
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Read more about the coronavirusThe specs
Engine: 2.0-litre 4cyl turbo
Power: 261hp at 5,500rpm
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Chelsea 0
Liverpool 2 (Mane 50′, 54′)
Red card: Andreas Christensen (Chelsea)
Man of the match: Sadio Mane (Liverpool)