He added there was “no passion, soul or emotion” in AI-generated art he had previously seen.

“You still need to have that human intervention,” he said.

Isabelle Doran, chief executive of the AOP, said AI services “evidently now directly compete with photographers’ and other visual artists’ livelihoods”.

She added that image-makers had “yet to see any acknowledgement, compensation or transparency” over the use of their work “scraped from the internet without permission” to train AI models. Ms Doran said 58% of the association’s members said they had lost work due to Generative AI, in a poll.

Mr Johnson said he planned to spend his time working on an “unfiction” project entitled The Eberswalde Enigma after his company gets dissolved. Unfiction is a burgeoning genre in which a fictional story is told through various platforms, including on social media, videos and podcasts, and presented as if it is real.