It is not yet clear how restrictive the national guidance will be but officials say it will allows schools, if they want, to stop children using their phones throughout the day.
Some schools already limit pupils’ use of their phones, including by locking them in pouches at the start of the day.
In England, schools are expected to stop pupils using phones, including during lessons, apart from in exceptional circumstances.
Brychan added: “I am mindful some children will always need exceptions for medical reasons, for example.
“By consulting on guidance at the start of the school year I am giving schools the clarity they want quickly, and creating a safer learning environment by reducing distractions now.”
Later, on Tuesday, she outlined her priorities in a statement to the Senedd.
It comes a day after the UK government announced a social media ban for under-16s.
At the Senedd election, Plaid Cymru promised restrictions on mobile phone use in its manifesto.
The Welsh Conservatives said the workforce survey showed “clear support for stronger national action”.
Tory education spokesperson Sam Rowlands said: “The Welsh Conservatives want mobile phones out of classrooms, so pupils can concentrate and standards can improve across Wales.”