The event will take place at Palmer Park Velodrome in Reading on August 6 and 7.
Organised by the Penny Farthing Club, the challenge aims to break eight world records in a single event while raising funds for Keep Me Breathing, a charity supporting children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS).
Rolf Woodward, a Penny Farthing Club rider and fastest-100km challenger, said: “The Penny Farthing Club brings together people who share a passion for these remarkable Victorian bicycles, from social riders to racers and polo players.
“This event is one of the most ambitious challenges the Club has undertaken.”
Founded in 2013 by Neil Laughton, the club already holds several Guinness World Records.
Spectators are welcome throughout the event to cheer on the riders during their overnight attempts.
James Oakley, CEO and co-founder of Keep Me Breathing, said: “We are enormously grateful to the Penny Farthing Club and every rider taking on these incredible challenges.
“The skill, stamina and determination required will be extraordinary, and we hope the public will come and support them.”
The event kicks off at 1pm on August 6 with a penny farthing demonstration in Reading town centre, followed by a parade to Palmer Park at 2pm.
Details of the challenge and how to support the riders can be found at: pennyfarthingworldrecords.com.
Donations are welcomed at: keepmebreathing.com/contribute.
Keep Me Breathing is a registered charity.