{"id":218246,"date":"2025-10-22T16:26:15","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T16:26:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/218246\/"},"modified":"2025-10-22T16:26:15","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T16:26:15","slug":"the-u-s-economy-is-in-worse-shape-than-it-looks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/218246\/","title":{"rendered":"The U.S. Economy is in Worse Shape Than it Looks"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Trump<\/a><\/p>\n

The U.S. economy is in a weird place right now on multiple fronts. One immediate problem is that policymakers are flying somewhat blind because the government shutdown has delayed the September employment report. According to the last report available (which was for August), unemployment is relatively low by historical standards. But another source of weirdness is that many people feel very bad about the economy: Consumer sentiment<\/a> is much weaker than it was pre-Covid, in fact comparable to its level at the depths of the 2008-2009 financial crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n

So are we in what Phil Gramm \u2014 remember him? \u2014 once called a \u201cmental recession,\u201d a sort of mass delusion that the economy is bad? It\u2019s likely that some of Americans\u2019 sour mood is driven by political unease. Huge and ever-changing tariffs, masked agents grabbing people off the street, assassinations, vindictive prosecutions, rising measles cases, Trump\u2019s false claims that cities are \u201cwar zones\u201d as pretext for sending in the National Guard, and more. Increasingly unhinged statements from the administration feed a general sense of destructive instability. Next thing you know they\u2019ll start demolishing the White House itself to make room for some vanity project. Oh, wait.<\/p>\n

Yet it\u2019s not only about political unease. There are some objective, measurable reasons to say that the US economy, which appears OK by the most commonly used measures, is definitely not OK once you look under the hood. One essential aspect of this weirdness is the economy is strongly bifurcated: AI is booming, but the rest of the economy isn\u2019t. Another aspect is that in many ways the economy feels \u201cfrozen\u201d: while there have been no mass layoffs so far, people who have lost their jobs or are just entering the work force are finding it very hard to get new jobs. Third, while the economy is growing thanks to AI spending, it\u2019s a K-shaped expansion: People who were already affluent are becoming more so, but the less well-off are under severe pressure. For example, there are clear signs that middle-to-low income consumers are struggling: car loan and credit card delinquencies are rising, and grocers report that shoppers are buying cheaper varieties of food<\/a>. At the same time, the affluent are spending freely: the top 10% of the income distribution now accounts for nearly half<\/a> of all consumer spending.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s going on? I would argue that Trump\u2019s wildly erratic policies are creating huge uncertainty which is deterring many companies \u2013 essentially those that are not in the AI sector or a sector catering to the affluent \u2013 from making investments. And those forgone investments include hiring new workers. The result is that much of the economy is frozen \u2014 companies aren\u2019t hiring or investing. This freeze, in turn, explains both worker anxiety and rising inequality. Without the AI boom\/bubble spending, we might very well have fallen into a recession, as some economists like Mark Zandi<\/a> have claimed. And despite the AI boom, times for many workers are tough.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s look at the data to understand why what looks on the surface like a fairly benign economy is actually hurting workers.<\/p>\n

First, as I said, we haven\u2019t (yet?) seen mass layoffs \u2014 except from the federal government! \u2014 but the rate at which businesses are hiring is very low by historical standards, not far above its level during the 2008-2009 financial crisis:<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/p>\n

These data aren\u2019t currently being updated because of the government shutdown, but we get a more up-to-date picture from private sources, such as job postings from Indeed.com, and they suggest that the picture is if anything getting worse:<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/p>\n

Another source of information comes from surveys that ask people about the state of the job market. In particular, the influential monthly consumer survey conducted by the Conference Board \u2014 second in influence only to the Michigan Survey \u2014 asks people whether jobs are \u201cplentiful\u201d or \u201chard to get.\u201d<\/p>\n

The spread between these numbers is always positive \u2014 we are an inherently optimistic nation \u2014 but varies a lot and is a good indicator of how people feel about the labor market. In late 2019, on the eve of Covid, almost half of respondents<\/a> said that jobs were plentiful, versus around 10 percent saying hard to get \u2014 a spread of around 40 points. In the latest Conference Board survey<\/a> the spread was only 8 points, 27 versus 19. This tells us that American workers are very worried that if they should happen to lose their job, they\u2019ll have a hard time finding another.<\/p>\n

And they\u2019re right. Overall unemployment hasn\u2019t risen that much, but the number of long-term unemployed \u2014 would-be workers who have been jobless for more than 6 months \u2014 had soared as of August, and has probably continued to rise since then:<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/p>\n

Another important indicator of a troubled labor market is Black unemployment. After all these years, Black workers still tend to be \u201clast hired, first fired.\u201d And while the overall unemployment rate (dashed green line) hasn\u2019t risen much so far, the Black unemployment rate (blue line) has soared, presumably because Black workers are finding it especially hard to find jobs in this frozen economy:<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/p>\n

Again, we have yet to see mass layoffs, so most workers still have their jobs. But workers believe, rightly, that if they should happen to lose their current job they will have a hard time finding another. This obviously means that workers have much less bargaining power than they did when the job market was tight. Employers don\u2019t have to give workers big wage increases to hang on to them; they can impose onerous conditions, like ending remote work, without fearing that employees will quit, because they have no place to go.<\/p>\n

Historically, strong demand for labor has been especially good for lower-paid workers, while weak demand has hit them hard. The post-Covid expansion, during which labor was scarce, was marked by big gains at the bottom and a surprisingly large fall in wage inequality, what David Autor, Arindrajit Dube and Annie McGrew have called the \u201cunexpected compression<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Incidentally, all through the Biden-era expansion I kept hearing people say that the economic recovery was only benefiting an affluent minority, that ordinary workers were being left behind. This wasn\u2019t at all true at the time. But it is true now. The Atlanta Fed has a wage tracker<\/a> that, among other things, estimates the rate of wage growth at different parts of the wage distribution. During the Biden years wage growth for the bottom fourth of the wage distribution (blue line) was consistently higher than wage growth for the top fourth (red line). Now that equalizing process has gone into reverse:<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/p>\n

And then there\u2019s the stock market. Investors seem to have decided that the wonders of AI matter more than Trump\u2019s tariff madness, so we\u2019re seeing a stock market surge dominated by technology companies. Aside from the question of whether this is a bubble, it\u2019s important to be aware that the top 10 percent of households own 87 percent<\/a> of equities, while the bottom half own almost no stock at all and gain nothing from a rising market. Hence the following chart, highlighted by the Michigan Consumer Survey<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/p>\n

Many economists \u2014 actually, all the economists I know \u2014 are worried about a potential downturn. The AI boom is troublingly reminiscent of the 90s tech bubble. After the sudden bankruptcies first of a subprime auto lender, then an auto parts supplier built on hidden loans, JPMorgan\u2019s Jamie Dimon suggested parallels between bad lending in the private credit market and the bad subprime lending that brought on the 2008 crisis. To quote Dimon: \u201cI probably shouldn\u2019t say this, but when you see one cockroach<\/a>, there are probably more.\u201d<\/p>\n

But I\u2019ll try to assess these concerns another day. My point for now is that even though we haven\u2019t had a recession yet, the frozen state of the U.S. economy has already made life much worse for many workers.<\/p>\n

MUSICAL CODA<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The U.S. economy is in a weird place right now on multiple fronts. One immediate problem is that…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":218247,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[84,1294,56,54,55],"class_list":{"0":"post-218246","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-economy","8":"tag-business","9":"tag-economy","10":"tag-uk","11":"tag-united-kingdom","12":"tag-unitedkingdom"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=218246"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218246\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/218247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=218246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=218246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=218246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}