African leaders are pushing to have colonial-era crimes recognised, criminalised and addressed through reparations.<\/p>\n
At a conference in the Algerian capital, Algiers, diplomats and leaders convened to advance an African Union<\/a> resolution passed at a meeting earlier this year calling for justice and reparations for victims of colonialism.<\/p>\n Algerian foreign minister Ahmed Attaf said Algeria\u2019s experience under French rule highlighted the need to seek compensation and reclaim stolen property.<\/p>\n A legal framework, he added, would ensure restitution is seen as \u201cneither a gift nor a favour\u201d.<\/p>\n \u201cAfrica is entitled to demand the official and explicit recognition of the crimes committed against its peoples during the colonial period, an indispensable first step toward addressing the consequences of that era, for which African countries and peoples continue to pay a heavy price in terms of exclusion, marginalisation and backwardness,\u201d Attaf said.<\/p>\n International conventions and statutes accepted by a majority of countries have outlawed practices including slavery, torture and apartheid. The United Nations Charter prohibits the seizure of territory by force but does not explicitly reference colonialism.<\/p>\n That absence was central to the African Union\u2019s February summit, where leaders discussed a proposal to develop a unified position on reparations and formally define colonisation as a crime against humanity.<\/p>\n The economic cost of colonialism in Africa is believed to be staggering, with some estimates in the trillions. European powers extracted natural resources often through brutal methods, amassing vast profits from gold, rubber, diamonds and other minerals, while leaving local populations impoverished.<\/p>\n African states have in recent years intensified demands for the return of looted artefacts still housed in European museums.<\/p>\n Attaf said it was no mistake that the conference was held in Algeria, a country that suffered some of the most brutal forms of French colonial rule and fought a bloody war between 1954 and 1962 to win its independence.<\/p>\n Its impact was far-reaching: nearly a million European settlers held greater political, economic and social privileges, even though Algeria was legally part of France<\/a> and its men were conscripted during the second world war.<\/p>\n Hundreds of thousands of people died in the country\u2019s revolution, during which French forces tortured detainees, disappeared suspects and devastated villages as part of a counterinsurgency strategy to maintain their grip on power.<\/p>\n \u201cOur continent retains the example of Algeria\u2019s bitter ordeal as a rare model, almost without equivalent in history, in its nature, its logic and its practices,\u201d Attaf said.<\/p>\n Algeria\u2019s experience has long informed its position on the disputed Western Sahara<\/a>, a former Spanish colony claimed by neighbouring Morocco and the pro-independence Polisario Front.<\/p>\n Attaf on Sunday framed it as a case of unfinished decolonisation, echoing the African Union\u2019s formal stance even as a growing number of member states have moved to support Morocco\u2019s claim to the territory.<\/p>\n He called it \u201cAfrica\u2019s last colony\u201d and lauded the indigenous Sahrawis\u2019 fight \u201cto assert their legitimate and legal right to self-determination, as confirmed \u2013 and continuously reaffirmed \u2013 by international legality and UN doctrine on decolonisation\u201d.<\/p>\n Algeria has for decades pressed for colonialism to be tackled through international law, even as its leaders tread carefully to avoid inflaming tensions with France, where the war\u2019s legacy remains politically sensitive.<\/p>\n French president Emmanuel Macron in 2017 described elements of the history as a crime against humanity but stopped short of issuing an official apology and implored Algerians not to dwell on past injustices.<\/p>\n Mohamed Arezki Ferrad, a member of Algeria\u2019s parliament, told the Associated Press that compensation had to be more than symbolic, noting Algerian artefacts looted by France have yet to be returned. That includes Baba Merzoug, a 16th-century cannon that remains in Brest.<\/p>\n Earlier in November, the Guardian reported on similar calls in the Caribbean, with a delegation from the body leading that region\u2019s slavery reparations movement preparing to visit the UK <\/a>to advocate on the issue.<\/p>\n