At the start of the year US president Donald Trump announced massive increases to taxes on goods imported to the country, which he argued would create jobs and boost American manufacturing.<\/p>\n
In June, Trump signed a deal with the UK to remove some trade barriers between the countries and reduce levies on most goods exported to the US to 10%. But pharmaceuticals remained a big unknown.<\/p>\n
Trump has argued that US consumers effectively subsidise medicines for other developed countries by paying premium prices for those drugs.<\/p>\n
US Health Secretary Robert Kennedy Jr said Americans “should not pay the world’s highest drug costs for medicines they helped fund”.<\/p>\n
“This agreement with the United Kingdom strengthens the global environment for innovative medicines and brings long-overdue balance to U.S.\u2013U.K. pharmaceutical trade,” he said in a statement.<\/p>\n
In the 12 months to the end of September, the UK exported \u00a311.1bn worth of medicines to the US, making up 17.4% of all goods exports in that period, according to the Department for Business and Trade.<\/p>\n
Business and Trade Secretary Peter Kyle said the deal “guarantees that UK pharmaceutical exports \u2013 worth at least \u00a35bn a year – will enter the US tariff free, protecting jobs, boosting investment and paving the way for the UK to become a global hub for life sciences.”<\/p>\n
The deal is will see the UK increase the price threshold at which it deems new treatments to be too expensive by 25%.<\/p>\n
The UK will also increase the overall amount the NHS spends on medicines, with a target to increase that spending from 0.3% of GDP to 0.6% of GDP over the next 10 years.<\/p>\n
The amount drug companies must pay back to the NHS to ensure the health system does not overspend its allocated budget will be capped at 15% – last year, drug companies had to pay back more than 20%.<\/p>\n
In exchange, UK medicine exports will be protected from tariff increases for the next three years.<\/p>\n
A long-running row between the industry and UK government over spending levels and approval rates was intensified by the Trump administration’s insistence that US customers were paying several times more for drugs than people in the UK and Europe.<\/p>\n
Several large pharma investments in the UK have been paused or cancelled over the last 18 months while both GSK and AstraZeneca have recently announced multi-billion-dollar investments in the US.<\/p>\n
Health Secretary Wes Streeting said in August that he was not prepared to let drug companies “rip off” the UK<\/a>, after talks between the government and pharmaceutical firms over the cost of medicines broke down.<\/p>\n But subsequently Science Minister Sir Patrick Vallance told the BBC<\/a> he accepted that the NHS needed to spend more on medicines after seeing its spending on drugs shrink as a percentage of its budget over the last 10 years.<\/p>\n In mid-September, British pharmaceutical giant GSK pledged to invest $30bn (\u00a322bn)<\/a> in research and manufacturing in the US over the next five years.<\/p>\n A week before GSK’s US investment announcement, US pharmaceutical company Merck – which is called MSD in Europe \u2013 revealed it was scrapping its planned \u00a31bn expansion<\/a> of its UK operations.<\/p>\n