OpenAI CEO Sam Altman poses during the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Summit, at the Grand Palais, in Paris, on February 11, 2025. Photograph: Joel Saget\/AFP via Getty Images<\/p>\n
Sam Altman<\/a> has claimed over the years that the advancement of AI could solve climate change, cure cancer, create a benevolent superintelligence beyond human comprehension, provide a tutor for every student, take over nearly half of the tasks in the economy and create what he calls \u201cuniversal extreme wealth\u201d.<\/p>\n In order to bring about his utopian future, Altman is demanding enormous resources from the present. As CEO of OpenAI, the world\u2019s most valuable privately owned company, he has in recent months announced plans for $1tn of investment into datacenters and struck multibillion-dollar deals with several chipmakers. If completed, the datacenters are expected to use more power than entire European nations<\/a>. OpenAI is pushing an aggressive expansion \u2013 encroaching on industries like e-commerce, healthcare<\/a> and entertainment \u2013 while increasingly integrating its products into government, universities, and the US military and making a play to turn ChatGPT into the new default homepage for millions.<\/p>\n Altman\u2019s long bid to make himself the power broker of a new, AI-powered society has started to look closer to reality as a large portion of the US economy now rides on the success of his vision. There are reports the company is preparing to go public<\/a> towards the end of 2026 with up to a $1tn valuation in one of the biggest initial public offerings in history.<\/p>\n OpenAI and Altman\u2019s burgeoning empire is not going unchallenged. Google\u2019s rival Gemini AI chatbot is advancing fast enough that Altman last month issued a company-wide \u201ccode red\u201d<\/a> to refocus on ChatGPT. Many analysts have become concerned that OpenAI may be becoming too big to fail as it expands its infrastructure and computing spending, while circular funding deals<\/a> with partners have not assuaged those fears. Then there is the fact that OpenAI is burning through tens of billions of dollars<\/a>, with even its own optimistic forecasts showing the startup is years from becoming profitable.<\/p>\n In an effort to maintain investor confidence in this profit-free spending spree and avoid regulatory crackdowns, Altman has intensified a charm offensive over the past year, deepened his political connections and promised even more from OpenAI<\/a> \u2013 with the company claiming that AI will soon be a utility \u201con par with electricity, clean water, or food\u201d. The CEO has also expanded his personal portfolio, backing new energy and neuroscience technologies just as other tech moguls have. This year will test: can he maintain the relentless balancing act?<\/p>\n Altman and OpenAI get political<\/p>\n As OpenAI<\/a> sought to shift its main business to a for-profit corporation in 2025 and faced down attempts from states across the US to pass AI regulation, it greatly expanded its efforts to influence lawmakers. The company spent $2.99m on lobbying efforts in 2025, according to Lobbying Disclosure Act filings, with its spending ramping up in the latter half of the year. That number is up from $1.76m in lobbying the previous year and just $260,000 in 2023. The push for friendly policies continues after Trump handed the industry a victory with an executive order that preempts and precludes any state-level regulation of AI. Other AI companies have followed suit, with Anthropic spending a little over $3.1m during that same period.<\/p>\n Sam Altman at the AI safety summit in Bletchley Park, UK, in 2023. Photograph: Bloomberg\/Getty Images<\/p>\n OpenAI also hired consultants and lobbyists from across the political spectrum, including those who have worked for California governor Gavin Newsom and former New York City mayor Bill de Blasio. They have also brought on the former deputy chief of staff for Republican senator Lindsey Graham and a former staffer from the Senate foreign relations committee.<\/p>\n The company\u2019s most effective campaigner does not hail from K Street, however. It has been Altman himself, who has joined other tech moguls in ingratiating themselves with Donald Trump and allying themselves with the current administration. He has dined with Trump at Mar-a-Lago and appeared at the White House for an event touting the administration\u2019s ties with the tech industry. In September, Altman was one of several tech CEOs who joined Trump and King Charles for a state dinner in the UK.<\/p>\n \u2018If we get it wrong, that\u2019s on us\u2019<\/p>\n As investors increasingly warn the AI industry is a bubble<\/a>, with excessive investment in tech infrastructure for unclear payoff, Altman has conceded that some parts of the industry \u201care kind of bubbly right now\u201d. Yet he has continued to emphasize that OpenAI remains on steady ground and that its $1.4tn commitment to build out datacenters and computational power is necessary.<\/p>\n His message is part of a longstanding emphasis on scaling computational power and pursuing growth that has been a fixture of OpenAI since its early breakthroughs in the mid-2010s. It is also in keeping with a sentiment that Altman has expressed for years \u2013 that technological progress is inevitable despite the harms that it may create.<\/p>\n \u201cWe should understand that as a consequence of technology and an economy of ideas, the gap between the rich and the poor will likely increase from its already high-seeming levels,\u201d Altman wrote in 2013, in a blog post that thanked his friend Peter Thiel for ideological input. \u201cThere is good and bad to this, but we should be careful not to legislate against it, which will hurt growth.\u201d<\/p>\n More than a decade later, Altman\u2019s views on how technological change may affect society seem consistent.<\/p>\n Altman with Nicholas Thompson, CEO of the Atlantic, at the International Telecommunication Union\u2019s AI for Good global summit, in Geneva, on 30 May 2024. Photograph: Fabrice Coffrini\/AFP\/Getty Images<\/p>\n \u201cThere will be very hard parts like whole classes of jobs going away,\u201d Altman wrote in a July blog post. \u201cBut on the other hand the world will be getting so much richer so quickly that we\u2019ll be able to seriously entertain new policy ideas we never could before.\u201d<\/p>\n In a lengthy post on X<\/a> in November, Altman defended OpenAI against accusations it was becoming \u201ctoo big to fail\u201d or seeking government backstops for its investments. Altman went on the defensive after the company\u2019s CFO Sarah Friar spooked analysts with a suggestion that OpenAI could seek government aid<\/a>, which she then hastily reversed amid widespread pushback. Altman predicted that OpenAI would generate hundreds of billions in revenue by 2030, potentially branching into consumer devices and robotics amid \u201cmassive demand\u201d for AI. He also downplayed the fallout if the company were to fail, which analysts fear would have a devastating effect<\/a> on the economy.<\/p>\n \u201cThat\u2019s how capitalism works, and the ecosystem and economy would be fine,\u201d Altman posted. \u201cWe plan to be a wildly successful company, but if we get it wrong, that\u2019s on us.\u201d<\/p>\n Turning toward Trump<\/p>\n Altman\u2019s appearances and apparent friendliness are a stark turnaround from his earlier view of Trump, which he expressed in a mid-2016 blog post that likened Trump\u2019s rise to Hitler\u2019s.<\/p>\n \u201cTo anyone familiar with the history of Germany in the 1930s, it\u2019s chilling to watch Trump in action,\u201d Altman wrote in 2016 prior to Trump\u2019s election win. \u201cHe is not merely irresponsible. He is irresponsible in the way dictators are.\u201d<\/p>\n But as Trump\u2019s second term began, Altman posted a message lauding the president and recanting his previous opposition.<\/p>\n \u201cWatching @potus more carefully recently has really changed my perspective on him (i wish i had done more of my own thinking and definitely fell in the npc trap),\u201d Altman posted on X days after Trump\u2019s inauguration. \u201cI\u2019m not going to agree with him on everything, but i think he will be incredible for the country in many ways!\u201d<\/p>\n Altman and OpenAI have found a warm welcome in the Trump administration. The White House\u2019s attempts to show off economic growth and win in a technology race with China have led it to embrace OpenAI, while the Department of Defense awarded a $200m contract to the company<\/a> in June for it to develop AI solutions for \u201cwarfighting and enterprise domains\u201d.<\/p>\n \u201cThe AI future is not going to be won by hand-wringing about safety,\u201d JD Vance said in a speech at a summit on artificial intelligence in February. The White House has not leant a friendly ear to lawmakers calling for the regulation of AI.<\/p>\n Altman with Donald Trump at the White House on 21 January 2025, in Washington DC. Photograph: Jim Watson\/AFP\/Getty Images<\/p>\n OpenAI CEO Sam Altman<\/a> (R), accompanied by U.S. President Donald Trump, speaks during a news conference in the Roosevelt Room of the White House on 21 January 2025 in Washington, DC. Photograph: Andrew Harnik\/Getty Images<\/p>\n Altman\u2019s shift on Trump has come not only as tech has lurched to the political right but also as OpenAI faces growing pushback, including lawsuits from families alleging that its ChatGPT service encouraged users to commit suicide<\/a>, numerous copyright infringement lawsuits and concern over data centers<\/a>\u2019 rising energy costs.<\/p>\n While Altman has long made broad calls for some form of regulation on AI, he has eased off calls for oversight over the past year and said that requiring government<\/a> sign-off to release AI models would be \u201cdisastrous\u201d. In friendlier environments, the CEO has framed mitigating AI\u2019s harms as something that is a burden for regulators and users. Shortly after the launch of OpenAI\u2019s video app Sora, which drew sizable backlash over generating deepfakes of historical figures such as Martin Luther King Jr and its potential for creating misinformation at scale, Altman seemed unconcerned with AI video\u2019s implications.<\/p>\n \u201cVery soon the world is going to have to contend with incredible video models that can deepfake anyone or kind of show anything you want. And that will mostly be great,\u201d Altman said on the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz\u2019s podcast in October. \u201cThere will be some adjustment that society has to go through.\u201d<\/p>\n He did not speak much about regulation, which he said \u201cprobably has a lot of downside\u201d.<\/p>\n \u201cI expect some really bad stuff to happen because of the technology, which also has happened with previous technologies,\u201d Altman said.<\/p>\n \u201cAll the way back to fire,\u201d Ben Horowitz, the firm\u2019s co-founder, replied.<\/p>\n Nuclear energy, longevity pills, brain scans<\/p>\n While Altman has been traveling the world as a frontman for OpenAI and generative AI writ large, he has also been building out his own portfolio of investments, which offers a sense of where he thinks the world is heading.<\/p>\n Altman is a big proponent of nuclear technology and has called past bans on nuclear energy over safety concerns \u201cincredibly dumb\u201d. He has financially backed the nuclear energy startup Helion, which in July announced it had begun construction on a nuclear fusion power plant<\/a> intended to feed Microsoft\u2019s enormous data centers \u2013 despite the fact that the fusion technology that will presumably fuel the plant is still unproven<\/a>. Altman also served as chair of the board for nuclear energy startup Oklo until April of last year, with the firm\u2019s COO announcing<\/a> that his departure meant the company could potentially partner with OpenAI in the future.<\/p>\n Biotech, a common interest among Silicon Valley elites, has also attracted Altman. One of his investments is in Retro Biosciences, a longevity startup that he backed with $180m that is aiming to launch clinical trials<\/a> this year on a pill intended to have antiageing effects on the brain. He has co-founded Merge Labs, a rival to Musk\u2019s Neuralink<\/a> brain startup, which raised $252m<\/a> in funding this month and announced<\/a> it would collaborate with OpenAI.<\/p>\n Altman during the AI action summit in Paris, France, on 11 February 2025. Photograph: Bloomberg\/Getty Images<\/p>\n \u201cI think neural interfaces are cool ideas to explore. I would like to be able to think something and have ChatGPT<\/a> respond to it,\u201d Altman told the Verge last year.<\/p>\n Meanwhile, one of Altman\u2019s longstanding ventures, Tools for Humanity, has been on a years-long effort to scan a billion people\u2019s eyeballs using a biometric collection device called the \u201corb\u201d. The data would then be used to verify human identity online. It has so far scanned roughly 17.5 million people<\/a>, according to Business Insider.<\/p>\n