{"id":421335,"date":"2026-02-12T06:57:13","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T06:57:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/421335\/"},"modified":"2026-02-12T06:57:13","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T06:57:13","slug":"severe-and-widespread-coral-reef-damage-during-the-2014-2017-global-coral-bleaching-event","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/421335\/","title":{"rendered":"Severe and widespread coral reef damage during the 2014-2017 Global Coral Bleaching Event"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Coral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">C. Mark Eakin,\u00a0Scott F. Heron,\u00a0Denise A. Devotta,\u00a0Gang Liu,\u00a0Erick F. Geiger,\u00a0Jacqueline L. De La Cour,\u00a0William J. Skirving,\u00a0Benjamin L. Marsh,\u00a0Blake L. Spady\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Derek P. Manzello<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Corals and Climate, Silver Spring, MD, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">C. Mark Eakin<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Scott F. Heron,\u00a0Sean R. Connolly,\u00a0Andrew H. Baird,\u00a0Mia O. Hoogenboom\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Morgan S. Pratchett<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Scott F. Heron,\u00a0Andrew H. Baird,\u00a0Andrew S. Hoey,\u00a0Mia O. Hoogenboom,\u00a0Terry P. Hughes,\u00a0James T. Kerry,\u00a0Morgan S. Pratchett,\u00a0Gergely Torda,\u00a0Mariana \u00c1lvarez-Noriega,\u00a0Ian R. Butler\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Chao-Yang Kuo<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Anc\u00f3n, Panama<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Sean R. Connolly<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Global Science &amp; Technology LLC, Greenbelt, MD, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Denise A. Devotta,\u00a0Erick F. Geiger,\u00a0Blake L. Spady\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Chancey MacDonald<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jacqueline L. De La Cour<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Greater Atlantic Regional Office, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Gloucester, MA, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Andrea M. Gomez<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">ReefSense, Cranbrook, QLD, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">William J. Skirving\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Benjamin L. Marsh<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">University of Reading, Reading, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">William J. Skirving<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, QLD, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Neal E. Cantin,\u00a0James Gilmour,\u00a0Manuel Gonzalez-Rivero,\u00a0Angus Thompson,\u00a0Shaun Wilson\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Emma V. Kennedy<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Courtney S. Couch<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Courtney S. Couch<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Simon D. Donner\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Alex Tso<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">James Gilmour,\u00a0Claire L. Ross\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Richard D. Evans<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Mishal Gudka\u00a0&amp;\u00a0David O. Obura<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Hugo B. Harrison<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Angelo King Center for Research &amp; Environmental Management, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Philippines<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Gregor Hodgson<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Reef Check Foundation, Westlake Village, CA, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Gregor Hodgson\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Jennifer Mihaly<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">School of The Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,\u00a0Gal Eyal\u00a0&amp;\u00a0John M. Pandolfi<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">National Parks of Eastern North Carolina, Manteo, NC, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Meaghan E. Johnson<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, Palau<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Tadashi Kimura<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N, M\u00e9rida, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Aar\u00f3n Israel Mu\u00f1iz-Castillo,\u00a0Andrea Rivera-Sosa\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Jes\u00fas Ernesto Arias-Gonz\u00e1lez<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. Kensington, Perth, WA, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Claire L. Ross,\u00a0Shaun Wilson\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Richard D. Evans<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Marathon, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jennifer Stein<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Barbara, CA, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">T. Shay Viehman\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Bryan Costa<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Mote Marine Laboratory, Summerland Key, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Cory S. Walter<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Office of Coast Survey, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Noel Dyer<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Marine Science Institute, Moorea Coral Reef LTER, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Thomas C. Adam<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Instituto de Oceanologia, Havana, Cuba<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Pedro Alcolado<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Mahsa Alidoostsalimi<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Marine Biology, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Parisa Alidoostsalimi<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Biodiversity and Reef Conservation Laboratory, Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Texas A&amp;M University &#8211; Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Keisha D. Bahr<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Ningaloo Marine Park, Parks and Wildlife Service &#8211; Exmouth District, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Exmouth, WA, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Peter Barnes<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Direcci\u00f3n de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, San Salvador, El Salvador<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jos\u00e9 Enrique Barraza Sandoval<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Julia K. Baum<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, K\u0101ne\u02bbohe, HI, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Julia K. Baum,\u00a0Crawford Drury\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Linda Eggertsen<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">National Coral Reef Institute, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Andrew G. Bauman<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Maria Beger<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Maria Beger<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Kathryn Berry<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">CSIRO, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Pia Bessell-Browne<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Entropie (IRD, UR, CNRS, UNC, IFREMER), Labex CORAIL, IRD-University of La R\u00e9union, Saint Denis Cedex 9, France<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Lionel Bigot<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Reef Explorer Fiji, Votua Village, Nadroga, Fiji<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Victor Bonito<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Offshore Biodiversity and Ecology, DHI A\/S, H\u00f8rsholm, Denmark<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Ole B. Brodnicke<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">University of Guam Marine Laboratory, Mangilao, GU, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">David Burdick\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Peter Houk<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Ecology, Evolution, &amp; Marine Biology, Moorea Coral Reef LTER, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Deron E. Burkepile<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">The Seychelles Islands Foundation, Mont Fleuri, Mahe, VIC, Seychelles<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">April J. Burt<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Mubadala ACCESS Center &amp; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">John A. Burt<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">CoraLogic Environmental Consulting, Cook, ACT, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Ian R. Butler<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jamie M. Caldwell<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l\u2019Environnement\/SNO Corail, Papetoai, Moorea Island, French Polynesia, France<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Yannick Chancerelle<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Chaolun Allen Chen\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Chao-Yang Kuo<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Taiwan Environmental Information Association, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Kah-Leng Cherh\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Chao-Yang Kuo<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Michael J. Childress\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Kylie Smith<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Darren J. Coker\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Michael D. Fox<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group, Pago Pago, AS, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Georgia Coward<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">M. James C. Crabbe<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Blue Pangolin Consulting Ltd, London, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Thomas Dallison<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Steven Dalton<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Thomas M. DeCarlo<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Healthy Reefs for Healthy People Initiative, West End, Roatan, Honduras<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Ian Drysdale<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Clinton B. Edwards,\u00a0Stuart A. Sandin\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Jennifer E. Smith<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Eylem Elma<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USVI, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Rosmin S. Ennis\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Tyler B. Smith<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">The Mina &amp; Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Gal Eyal<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Coral Reef Consulting, Pago Pago, AS, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Douglas Fenner<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Centro Ecol\u00f3gico Akumal, Akumal, Mexico<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Baruch Figueroa-Zavala<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jay Fisch,\u00a0Diego Lirman\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Bradley A. Weiler<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Save Our Seas Foundation &#8211; D\u2019Arros Research Centre, Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Elena Gadoutsis<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Ginger-Soproner, BP3583, Noum\u00e9a cedex, New Caledonia, France<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Antoine Gilbert\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Tom Heintz<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Direction des Ressources Marines, Fare Ute, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia, France<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Antoine Gilbert<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Pacific Community (SPC), Noum\u00e9a, New Caledonia, France<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Andrew R. Halford\u00a0&amp;\u00a0George Shedrawi<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Finger Lakes Community College, Canandaigua, NY, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">James Hewlett<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jean-Paul A. Hobbs<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Guam Coral Reef Initiative, Bureau of Statistics and Plans, Hagatna, Guam, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Whitney C. Hoot<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Johnston Applied Marine Sciences, Saipan, CNMI, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Lyza Johnston<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">NOAA Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Michelle A. Johnston\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Marissa F. Nuttall<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Hajime Kayanne<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Oceanography &#8211; Federal University of Bahia, RECOR &#8211; Coral Reefs and Global Change Lab, National Institute of Science and Technology for the Tropical Marine Environments (INCT AmbTropic), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi,\u00a0Zelinda M. A. N. Le\u00e3o\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Marilia D. M. Oliveira<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Chumbe Island Coral Park, Zanzibar, Tanzania<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Ulrike Kloiber<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Fishery Solutions LLC, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Haruko Koike<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">State of Hawai\u2019i Division of Aquatic Resources, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">K. Lindsey Kramer<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA), Big Pine Key, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Judith Lang<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Alice Lawrence\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Laura E. Richardson<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Blue Ventures, The Old Library, Bristol, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Abigail Leadbeater<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jen Nie Lee<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Biology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Cynthia Lewis<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Guilherme Ortigara Longo\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Thayn\u00e1 Mello<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Chancey MacDonald<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jennie Mallela<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Talanoa Consulting, Suva, Fiji<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Sangeeta Mangubhai<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">L\u00fario University, Nampula, Cabo Delgado, Mozambique<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Isabel Marques da Silva<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, Mah\u00e9, Victoria, Seychelles<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Christophe Mason-Parker<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Biscayne National Park, Homestead, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Vanessa McDonough<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Healthy Reefs Initiative\/Smithsonian Institution, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Melanie McField<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Reef Conservation, Pereybere, Cap Malheureux, Mauritius<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Celine Miternique-Agathe<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Moheli Marine Park, Nioumachoua, Comoros<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Mouchtadi Madi<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Green Corals, Rischauer Moor 1, Braunschweig, Germany<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Stephan Moldzio<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Life Sciences, Marine Genomics Laboratory, Texas A&amp;M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Alison A. Monroe<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">DiSTAV, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova, Italy<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Monica Montefalcone<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Zoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Center, Chennai, India<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Kevin S. Moses<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Natural resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (I.A.U), Tehran, Iran<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Pargol G. Mostafavi<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Instituto de Biologia and SAGE\/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Rodrigo Le\u00e3o de Moura<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Chathurika S. Munasinghe<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jelvas Mwaura<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Takashi Nakamura\u00a0&amp;\u00a0James D. Reimer<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">MAREX Saint-Leu Reunion, Saint-Leu, France<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Jean-Benoit Nicet<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">CERMES, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Hazel A. Oxenford<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">GVI Travel II Limited t\/a GVI Experiences, Exeter, England<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Vardhan Patankar<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">The Nature Conservancy Caribbean Division, San Juan, PR, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Denise Perez<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Nishan Perera<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Reef Check Indonesia Foundation, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Derta Prabuning<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Coastal and Marine Sciences, Bio-Tech Consulting, Miami, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">William Precht<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">K. Diraviya Raj<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Randi Rotjan<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Nicole Ryan<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">The Nature Conservancy (Retired), Kailua, HI 96734; Science Advisory Board, Coral Triangle Center, Bali, Indonesia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Rod Salm<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Stephanie Schopmeyer<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Australian Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">George Shedrawi<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Mohammad Reza Shokri<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">I.CARE, Islamorada, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Kylie Smith<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Natural History Museum, Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo, Flatt\u2019s, Bermuda<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Struan R. Smith<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Brigitte Sommer<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Healthy Reefs for Healthy People Initiative, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Melina Soto<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Coastal Zone Management Unit, Barbados, and University of the West Indies, Saint Michael, Barbados<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Richard Suckoo<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Marine Ecology Consulting, Suva, Fiji<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Helen Sykes<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, Honolulu, HI, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Kelley Anderson Tagarino<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Fauna &amp; Flora International, Cambridge, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Marianne Teoh<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Minh Quang Thai\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Si Tuan Vo<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Tai Chong Toh<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">MISE Lab, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Alex Tredinnick<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Coral Cay Conservation, Tongham, Surrey, UK<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Harriet Tyley<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Ali M. Ussi<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">NOAA Restoration Center, Charleston, SC, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Bernardo Vargas-Angel<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">marinecultures.org, Zanzibar, Tanzania<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Christian Vaterlaus<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Carmabi Foundation\/ University of Amsterdam, Willemstad, Cura\u00e7ao<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Mark J. A. Vermeij<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Christian R. Voolstra<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Hin Boo Wee<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Hin Boo Wee<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Dana E. Williams<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Saleh A. S. Yahya<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Thamasak Yeemin<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__address\">Department of Holobiont Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list\">Maren Ziegler<\/p>\n<p>The study was conceptualized by C.M.E., who also wrote the first draft of the paper. C.M.E., S.F.H., and S.R.C. jointly led revision of the manuscript. D.A.D. coordinated data compilation in conjunction with J.L.D. and A.M.G. S.R.C. designed and led the statistical analysis. G.L., W.J.S., E.F.G., and S.F.H. provided data on heat stress. Large-scale coral bleaching and mortality datasets were provided by A.H.B., N.C., C.S.C., S.D.D., J.G., M.G.R., M.G., H.B.H., G.H., O.H.G., A.S.H., M.O.H., T.P.H., M.E.J., J.T.K., T.K., J.M., A.I.M.-C., D.O.O., M.S.P., A.R.-S., C.L.R., A.S., J.S., A.T., G.T., T.S.V., C.S.W., and S.W. Great Barrier Reef aerial bleaching surveys were undertaken by T.P.H. and J.T.K. All other authors contributed to data collection and multiple drafts of the manuscript.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Coral Reef Watch, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD,&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":421336,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[4420,79133,1397,5880,4230,4231,90,56,54,55],"class_list":{"0":"post-421335","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-environment","8":"tag-climate-change-ecology","9":"tag-coral-reefs","10":"tag-environment","11":"tag-environmental-impact","12":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","13":"tag-multidisciplinary","14":"tag-science","15":"tag-uk","16":"tag-united-kingdom","17":"tag-unitedkingdom"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/421335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=421335"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/421335\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/421336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=421335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=421335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=421335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}