{"id":480446,"date":"2026-03-17T13:36:19","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T13:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/480446\/"},"modified":"2026-03-17T13:36:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T13:36:19","slug":"deep-ocean-control-of-global-temperature-after-net-zero-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/480446\/","title":{"rendered":"Deep ocean control of global temperature after net-zero emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">UNFCCC Adoption of the Paris Agreement (United Nations, 2015); <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/resource\/docs\/2015\/cop21\/eng\/l09r01.pdf\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/resource\/docs\/2015\/cop21\/eng\/l09r01.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/unfccc.int\/resource\/docs\/2015\/cop21\/eng\/l09r01.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">IPCC: Summary for policymakers. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Cassidy, L. J. et al. Regional temperature extremes and vulnerability under net zero CO2 emissions. Environ. Res. Lett. 19, 014051 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad114a\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad114a\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fad114a\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad114a\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Regional%20temperature%20extremes%20and%20vulnerability%20under%20net%20zero%20CO2%20emissions&amp;journal=Environ.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fad114a&amp;volume=19&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Cassidy%2CLJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">MacDougall, A. H. et al. Is there warming in the pipeline? A multi-model analysis of the Zero Emissions Commitment from CO2. Biogeosciences 17, 2987\u20133016 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/bg-17-2987-2020\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/bg-17-2987-2020\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fbg-17-2987-2020\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/bg-17-2987-2020\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Is%20there%20warming%20in%20the%20pipeline%3F%20A%20multi-model%20analysis%20of%20the%20Zero%20Emissions%20Commitment%20from%20CO2&amp;journal=Biogeosciences&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fbg-17-2987-2020&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=2987-3016&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=MacDougall%2CAH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Fr\u00f6licher, T. L., Winton, M. &amp; Sarmiento, J. L. Continued global warming after CO2 emissions stoppage. Nat. Clim. Chang. 4, 40\u201344 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nclimate2060\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nclimate2060\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnclimate2060\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nclimate2060\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Continued%20global%20warming%20after%20CO2%20emissions%20stoppage&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clim.%20Chang.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnclimate2060&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=40-44&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Fr%C3%B6licher%2CTL&amp;author=Winton%2CM&amp;author=Sarmiento%2CJL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Borowiak, A. et al. Projected global temperature changes after net zero are small but significant. Geophys. Res. Lett. 51, e2024GL108654 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2024GL108654\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2024GL108654\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2024GL108654\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2024GL108654\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Projected%20global%20temperature%20changes%20after%20net%20zero%20are%20small%20but%20significant&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2024GL108654&amp;volume=51&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Borowiak%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Lee, Y. H. et al. Early or delayed Northern Hemisphere warming driven by the AMOC in a net-zero CO2 world. NPJ Clim. Atmos. Sci. 8, 291 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41612-025-01165-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41612-025-01165-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41612-025-01165-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41612-025-01165-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Early%20or%20delayed%20Northern%20Hemisphere%20warming%20driven%20by%20the%20AMOC%20in%20a%20net-zero%20CO2%20world&amp;journal=NPJ%20Clim.%20Atmos.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41612-025-01165-y&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Lee%2CYH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Williams, R. G., Goodwin, P., Ceppi, P., Jones, C. D. &amp; MacDougall, A. H. A normalised framework for the Zero Emissions Commitment. Biogeosciences 22, 7167\u20137186 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/bg-22-7167-2025\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/bg-22-7167-2025\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fbg-22-7167-2025\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/bg-22-7167-2025\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20normalised%20framework%20for%20the%20Zero%20Emissions%20Commitment&amp;journal=Biogeosciences&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fbg-22-7167-2025&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=7167-7186&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Williams%2CRG&amp;author=Goodwin%2CP&amp;author=Ceppi%2CP&amp;author=Jones%2CCD&amp;author=MacDougall%2CAH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Williams, R. G., Roussenov, V., Fr\u00f6licher, T. L. &amp; Goodwin, P. Drivers of continued surface warming after cessation of carbon emissions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 10,633\u201310,642 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/2017GL075080\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/2017GL075080\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2F2017GL075080\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/2017GL075080\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Drivers%20of%20continued%20surface%20warming%20after%20cessation%20of%20carbon%20emissions&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1002%2F2017GL075080&amp;volume=44&amp;pages=10%2C633-10%2C642&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Williams%2CRG&amp;author=Roussenov%2CV&amp;author=Fr%C3%B6licher%2CTL&amp;author=Goodwin%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Cheng, L. et al. Past and future ocean warming. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 3, 776\u2013794 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P. &amp; Von Schuckmann, K. Earth\u2019s energy imbalance and implications. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 13421\u201313449 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/acp-11-13421-2011\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/acp-11-13421-2011\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Facp-11-13421-2011\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/acp-11-13421-2011\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjsV2qs7c%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Earth%E2%80%99s%20energy%20imbalance%20and%20implications&amp;journal=Atmos.%20Chem.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Facp-11-13421-2011&amp;volume=11&amp;pages=13421-13449&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Hansen%2CJ&amp;author=Sato%2CM&amp;author=Kharecha%2CP&amp;author=Schuckmann%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Huguenin, M. F., Holmes, R. M. &amp; England, M. H. Drivers and distribution of global ocean heat uptake over the last half century. Nat. Commun. 13, 4921 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-022-32540-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-022-32540-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-022-32540-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-022-32540-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XitlGlsLnJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Drivers%20and%20distribution%20of%20global%20ocean%20heat%20uptake%20over%20the%20last%20half%20century&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-022-32540-5&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Huguenin%2CMF&amp;author=Holmes%2CRM&amp;author=England%2CMH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">von Schuckmann, K. et al. Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? Earth Syst. Sci. Data 12, 2013\u20132041 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/essd-12-2013-2020\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/essd-12-2013-2020\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fessd-12-2013-2020\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/essd-12-2013-2020\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Heat%20stored%20in%20the%20Earth%20system%3A%20where%20does%20the%20energy%20go%3F&amp;journal=Earth%20Syst.%20Sci.%20Data&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fessd-12-2013-2020&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=2013-2041&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Schuckmann%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Oh, J.-H. et al. Emergent climate change patterns originating from deep ocean warming in climate mitigation scenarios. Nat. Clim. Change 14, 260\u2013266 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41558-024-01928-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41558-024-01928-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41558-024-01928-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41558-024-01928-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Emergent%20climate%20change%20patterns%20originating%20from%20deep%20ocean%20warming%20in%20climate%20mitigation%20scenarios&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clim.%20Change&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41558-024-01928-0&amp;volume=14&amp;pages=260-266&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Oh%2CJ-H\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Cheng, L. et al. Improved estimates of ocean heat content from 1960 to 2015. Sci. Adv. 3, e1601545 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/sciadv.1601545\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/sciadv.1601545\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fsciadv.1601545\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/sciadv.1601545\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Improved%20estimates%20of%20ocean%20heat%20content%20from%201960%20to%202015&amp;journal=Sci.%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.1601545&amp;volume=3&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Cheng%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Meyssignac, B. et al. Measuring global ocean heat content to estimate the Earth energy imbalance. Front. Mar. Sci. 6, 432 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00432\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00432\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffmars.2019.00432\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00432\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Measuring%20global%20ocean%20heat%20content%20to%20estimate%20the%20Earth%20energy%20imbalance&amp;journal=Front.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffmars.2019.00432&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Meyssignac%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Held, I. M. et al. Probing the fast and slow components of global warming by returning abruptly to preindustrial forcing. J. Clim. 23, 2418\u20132427 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/2009JCLI3466.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/2009JCLI3466.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F2009JCLI3466.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/2009JCLI3466.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Probing%20the%20fast%20and%20slow%20components%20of%20global%20warming%20by%20returning%20abruptly%20to%20preindustrial%20forcing&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F2009JCLI3466.1&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=2418-2427&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Held%2CIM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Meinshausen, M. et al. The shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions to 2500. Geosci. Model Dev. 13, 3571\u20133605 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/gmd-13-3571-2020\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/gmd-13-3571-2020\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fgmd-13-3571-2020\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/gmd-13-3571-2020\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXntVegsrs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20shared%20socio-economic%20pathway%20%28SSP%29%20greenhouse%20gas%20concentrations%20and%20their%20extensions%20to%202500&amp;journal=Geosci.%20Model%20Dev.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fgmd-13-3571-2020&amp;volume=13&amp;pages=3571-3605&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Meinshausen%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">O\u2019Neill, B. C. et al. The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6. Geosci. Model Dev. 9, 3461\u20133482 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-3461-2016\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-3461-2016\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fgmd-9-3461-2016\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-3461-2016\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Scenario%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project%20%28ScenarioMIP%29%20for%20CMIP6&amp;journal=Geosci.%20Model%20Dev.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fgmd-9-3461-2016&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=3461-3482&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Neill%2CBC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Meinshausen, M. et al. The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300. Clim. Change 109, 213\u2013241 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10584-011-0156-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10584-011-0156-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10584-011-0156-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10584-011-0156-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXht12gsbfL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20RCP%20greenhouse%20gas%20concentrations%20and%20their%20extensions%20from%201765%20to%202300&amp;journal=Clim.%20Change&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10584-011-0156-z&amp;volume=109&amp;pages=213-241&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Meinshausen%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Geoffroy, O. et al. Transient climate response in a two-layer energy-balance model. Part I: analytical solution and parameter calibration using CMIP5 AOGCM experiments. J. Clim. 26, 1841\u20131857 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00195.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00195.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-12-00195.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00195.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Transient%20climate%20response%20in%20a%20two-layer%20energy-balance%20model.%20Part%20I%3A%20analytical%20solution%20and%20parameter%20calibration%20using%20CMIP5%20AOGCM%20experiments&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI-D-12-00195.1&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=1841-1857&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Geoffroy%2CO\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Gregory, J. M. et al. A new conceptual model of global ocean heat uptake. Clim. Dyn. 62, 1669\u20131713 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00382-023-06989-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00382-023-06989-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00382-023-06989-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00382-023-06989-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20new%20conceptual%20model%20of%20global%20ocean%20heat%20uptake&amp;journal=Clim.%20Dyn.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00382-023-06989-z&amp;volume=62&amp;pages=1669-1713&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Gregory%2CJM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Kim, G. Il et al. Deep ocean warming-induced El Ni\u00f1o changes. Nat. Commun. 15, 50663 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Li, S. et al. Mitigation-driven global heat imbalance in the late 21st century. Commun. Earth Environ. 5, 651 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Romanou, A., Marshall, J., Kelley, M. &amp; Scott, J. Role of the ocean\u2019s AMOC in setting the uptake efficiency of transient tracers. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 5590\u20135598 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/2017GL072972\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/2017GL072972\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2F2017GL072972\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/2017GL072972\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BB3c%2Fjsl2iuw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Role%20of%20the%20ocean%E2%80%99s%20AMOC%20in%20setting%20the%20uptake%20efficiency%20of%20transient%20tracers&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1002%2F2017GL072972&amp;volume=44&amp;pages=5590-5598&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Romanou%2CA&amp;author=Marshall%2CJ&amp;author=Kelley%2CM&amp;author=Scott%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Zanna, L., Khatiwala, S., Gregory, J. M., Ison, J. &amp; Heimbach, P. Global reconstruction of historical ocean heat storage and transport. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 1126\u20131131 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1073\/pnas.1808838115\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1073\/pnas.1808838115\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073%2Fpnas.1808838115\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1073\/pnas.1808838115\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhsF2ms7o%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Global%20reconstruction%20of%20historical%20ocean%20heat%20storage%20and%20transport&amp;journal=Proc.%20Natl%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&amp;doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.1808838115&amp;volume=116&amp;pages=1126-1131&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Zanna%2CL&amp;author=Khatiwala%2CS&amp;author=Gregory%2CJM&amp;author=Ison%2CJ&amp;author=Heimbach%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Gregory, J. M., Andrews, T. &amp; Good, P. The inconstancy of the transient climate response parameter under increasing CO2. Philos. Trans. A 373, 20140417 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20inconstancy%20of%20the%20transient%20climate%20response%20parameter%20under%20increasing%20CO2&amp;journal=Philos.%20Trans.%20A&amp;volume=373&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Gregory%2CJM&amp;author=Andrews%2CT&amp;author=Good%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Lyman, J. M. et al. Robust warming of the global upper ocean. Nature 465, 334\u2013337 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature09043\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature09043\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature09043\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature09043\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmt1Oisrg%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Robust%20warming%20of%20the%20global%20upper%20ocean&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature09043&amp;volume=465&amp;pages=334-337&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Lyman%2CJM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Li, C., von Storch, J.-S. &amp; Marotzke, J. Deep-ocean heat uptake and equilibrium climate response. Clim. Dyn. 40, 1071\u20131086 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00382-012-1350-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00382-012-1350-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00382-012-1350-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00382-012-1350-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Deep-ocean%20heat%20uptake%20and%20equilibrium%20climate%20response&amp;journal=Clim.%20Dyn.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00382-012-1350-z&amp;volume=40&amp;pages=1071-1086&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Li%2CC&amp;author=Storch%2CJ-S&amp;author=Marotzke%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Myhre, G., Highwood, E. J., Shine, K. P. &amp; Stordal, F. New estimates of radiative forcing due to well mixed greenhouse gases. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 2715\u20132718 (1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/98GL01908\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/98GL01908\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F98GL01908\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/98GL01908\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXltVyhtrk%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=New%20estimates%20of%20radiative%20forcing%20due%20to%20well%20mixed%20greenhouse%20gases&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F98GL01908&amp;volume=25&amp;pages=2715-2718&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=Myhre%2CG&amp;author=Highwood%2CEJ&amp;author=Shine%2CKP&amp;author=Stordal%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">IPCC Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (eds Houghton, J. T. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Cael, B. B. Ocean heat uptake efficiency increase since 1970. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49, e2022GL100983 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Liu, M., Soden, B. J., Vecchi, G. A. &amp; Wang, C. The spread of ocean heat uptake efficiency traced to ocean salinity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 50, e2022GL100171 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Allan, R. P. et al. Physically consistent responses of the global atmospheric hydrological cycle in models and observations. Surv. Geophys. 35, 533\u2013552 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10712-012-9213-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10712-012-9213-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10712-012-9213-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10712-012-9213-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Physically%20consistent%20responses%20of%20the%20global%20atmospheric%20hydrological%20cycle%20in%20models%20and%20observations&amp;journal=Surv.%20Geophys.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10712-012-9213-z&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=533-552&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Allan%2CRP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Watanabe, M. et al. Strengthening of ocean heat uptake efficiency associated with the recent climate hiatus. Geophys. Res. Lett. 40, 3175\u20133179 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/grl.50541\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/grl.50541\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fgrl.50541\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/grl.50541\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Strengthening%20of%20ocean%20heat%20uptake%20efficiency%20associated%20with%20the%20recent%20climate%20hiatus&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fgrl.50541&amp;volume=40&amp;pages=3175-3179&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Watanabe%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Lee, Y.-H. et al. Deep Ocean control of global temperature after net-zero emissions. Zenodo <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18203190\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.5281\/zenodo.18203190\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18203190<\/a> (2026).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"UNFCCC Adoption of the Paris Agreement (United Nations, 2015); https:\/\/unfccc.int\/resource\/docs\/2015\/cop21\/eng\/l09r01.pdf IPCC: Summary for policymakers. In Climate Change 2021:&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":480447,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[556,16160,103218,1397,3250,39290,32552,103217,38245,90,56,54,55],"class_list":["post-480446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-environment","tag-climate-change","tag-earth-sciences","tag-earth-system-sciences","tag-environment","tag-general","tag-geochemistry","tag-geology","tag-geophysics-geodesy","tag-physical-oceanography","tag-science","tag-uk","tag-united-kingdom","tag-unitedkingdom"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/480446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=480446"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/480446\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/480447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=480446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=480446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=480446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}