{"id":788094,"date":"2026-10-01T03:04:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T03:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/788094\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T03:04:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T03:04:10","slug":"evolution-of-terrestrial-anatomy-revealed-by-a-derived-stem-tetrapod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/788094\/","title":{"rendered":"Evolution of terrestrial anatomy revealed by a derived stem tetrapod"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Ahlberg, P. E. Elginerpeton pancheni and the earliest tetrapod clade. Nature 373, 420\u2013425 (1995).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/373420a0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/373420a0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2F373420a0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/373420a0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1995Natur.373..420A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjsFCjs7s%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Elginerpeton%20pancheni%20and%20the%20earliest%20tetrapod%20clade&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2F373420a0&amp;volume=373&amp;pages=420-425&amp;publication_year=1995&amp;author=Ahlberg%2CPE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Ahlberg, P. E. Postcranial stem tetrapod remains from the Devonian of Scat Craig, Morayshire, Scotland. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 122, 99\u2013141 (1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1998.tb02526.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1998.tb02526.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1998.tb02526.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1998.tb02526.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Postcranial%20stem%20tetrapod%20remains%20from%20the%20Devonian%20of%20Scat%20Craig%2C%20Morayshire%2C%20Scotland&amp;journal=Zool.%20J.%20Linn.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1998.tb02526.x&amp;volume=122&amp;pages=99-141&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=Ahlberg%2CPE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Coates, M. I., Ruta, M. &amp; Friedman, M. Ever since Owen: changing perspectives on the early evolution of tetrapods. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 39, 571\u2013592 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095546\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095546\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095546\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095546\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ever%20since%20Owen%3A%20changing%20perspectives%20on%20the%20early%20evolution%20of%20tetrapods&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Ecol.%20Evol.%20Syst.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095546&amp;volume=39&amp;pages=571-592&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Coates%2CMI&amp;author=Ruta%2CM&amp;author=Friedman%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Nied\u017awiedzki, G., Szrek, P., Narkiewicz, K., Narkiewicz, M. &amp; Ahlberg, P. E. Tetrapod trackways from the early Middle Devonian period of Poland. Nature 463, 43\u201348 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature08623\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature08623\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature08623\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature08623\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2010Natur.463...43N\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20054388\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tetrapod%20trackways%20from%20the%20early%20Middle%20Devonian%20period%20of%20Poland&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature08623&amp;volume=463&amp;pages=43-48&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Nied%C5%BAwiedzki%2CG&amp;author=Szrek%2CP&amp;author=Narkiewicz%2CK&amp;author=Narkiewicz%2CM&amp;author=Ahlberg%2CPE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">St\u00f6ssel, I. The discovery of a new Devonian tetrapod trackway in SW Ireland. J. Geol. Soc. 152, 407\u2013413 (1995).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1144\/gsjgs.152.2.0407\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1144\/gsjgs.152.2.0407\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144%2Fgsjgs.152.2.0407\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1144\/gsjgs.152.2.0407\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1995JGSoc.152..407S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20discovery%20of%20a%20new%20Devonian%20tetrapod%20trackway%20in%20SW%20Ireland&amp;journal=J.%20Geol.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1144%2Fgsjgs.152.2.0407&amp;volume=152&amp;pages=407-413&amp;publication_year=1995&amp;author=St%C3%B6ssel%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Pardo, J. D., Szostakiwskyj, M., Ahlberg, P. E. &amp; Anderson, J. S. Hidden morphological diversity among early tetrapods. Nature 546, 642\u2013645 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature22966\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature22966\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature22966\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature22966\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017Natur.546..642P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28636600\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtVequrfM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Hidden%20morphological%20diversity%20among%20early%20tetrapods&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature22966&amp;volume=546&amp;pages=642-645&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Pardo%2CJD&amp;author=Szostakiwskyj%2CM&amp;author=Ahlberg%2CPE&amp;author=Anderson%2CJS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Smithson, T. R. &amp; Rolfe, W. D. I. Westlothiana gen. nov.: naming the earliest known reptile. Scott. J. Geol. 26, 137\u2013138 (1990).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1144\/sjg26020137\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1144\/sjg26020137\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144%2Fsjg26020137\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1144\/sjg26020137\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Westlothiana%20gen.%20nov.%3A%20naming%20the%20earliest%20known%20reptile&amp;journal=Scott.%20J.%20Geol.&amp;doi=10.1144%2Fsjg26020137&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=137-138&amp;publication_year=1990&amp;author=Smithson%2CTR&amp;author=Rolfe%2CWDI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Smithson, T. R., Carroll, R. L., Panchen, A. L. &amp; Andrews, S. M. Westlothiana lizziae from the Vis\u00e9an of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland, and the amniote stem. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 84, 383\u2013412 (1993).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Westlothiana%20lizziae%20from%20the%20Vis%C3%A9an%20of%20East%20Kirkton%2C%20West%20Lothian%2C%20Scotland%2C%20and%20the%20amniote%20stem&amp;journal=Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.%20Earth%20Sci.&amp;volume=84&amp;pages=383-412&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;author=Smithson%2CTR&amp;author=Carroll%2CRL&amp;author=Panchen%2CAL&amp;author=Andrews%2CSM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Pardo, J. D., Lennie, K. &amp; Anderson, J. S. Can we reliably calibrate deep nodes in the tetrapod tree? Case studies in deep tetrapod divergences. Front. Genet. 11, 506749 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fgene.2020.506749\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fgene.2020.506749\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffgene.2020.506749\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fgene.2020.506749\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33193596\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7596322\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Can%20we%20reliably%20calibrate%20deep%20nodes%20in%20the%20tetrapod%20tree%3F%20Case%20studies%20in%20deep%20tetrapod%20divergences&amp;journal=Front.%20Genet.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffgene.2020.506749&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Pardo%2CJD&amp;author=Lennie%2CK&amp;author=Anderson%2CJS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Garza, H. K., Catlos, E. J., Lapen, T. J., Clarke, J. A. &amp; Brookfield, M. E. New U\u2013Pb constraints and geochemistry of the East Kirkton Quarry, Scotland: implications for early tetrapod evolution in the Carboniferous. PLoS ONE\u00a020, e0321714 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321714\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321714\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0321714\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321714\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=40238738\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC12002438\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXhtVWlt7fF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=New%20U%E2%80%93Pb%20constraints%20and%20geochemistry%20of%20the%20East%20Kirkton%20Quarry%2C%20Scotland%3A%20implications%20for%20early%20tetrapod%20evolution%20in%20the%20Carboniferous&amp;journal=PLoS%20ONE&amp;doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0321714&amp;volume=20&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Garza%2CHK&amp;author=Catlos%2CEJ&amp;author=Lapen%2CTJ&amp;author=Clarke%2CJA&amp;author=Brookfield%2CME\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Long, J. A. et al. Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolution. Nature 641, 1193\u20131200 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-08884-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-08884-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-025-08884-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-08884-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025Natur.641.1193L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=40369062\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC12119326\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXht1ehurfF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Earliest%20amniote%20tracks%20recalibrate%20the%20timeline%20of%20tetrapod%20evolution&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-025-08884-5&amp;volume=641&amp;pages=1193-1200&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Long%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Ruta, M., Coates, M. I. &amp; Quicke, D. L. Early tetrapod relationships revisited. Biol. Rev. 78, 251\u2013345 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S1464793102006103\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S1464793102006103\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS1464793102006103\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S1464793102006103\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12803423\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Early%20tetrapod%20relationships%20revisited&amp;journal=Biol.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS1464793102006103&amp;volume=78&amp;pages=251-345&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Ruta%2CM&amp;author=Coates%2CMI&amp;author=Quicke%2CDL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Clack, J. A. et al. Phylogenetic and environmental context of a Tournaisian tetrapod fauna. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1, 1\u201311 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41559-016-0002\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41559-016-0002\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41559-016-0002\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41559-016-0002\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Phylogenetic%20and%20environmental%20context%20of%20a%20Tournaisian%20tetrapod%20fauna&amp;journal=Nat.%20Ecol.%20Evol.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41559-016-0002&amp;volume=1&amp;pages=1-11&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Clack%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Marjanovi\u0107, D. &amp; Laurin, M. Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix. PeerJ 6, e5565 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.7717\/peerj.5565\" data-track-item_id=\"10.7717\/peerj.5565\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717%2Fpeerj.5565\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.7717\/peerj.5565\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30631641\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6322490\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Phylogeny%20of%20Paleozoic%20limbed%20vertebrates%20reassessed%20through%20revision%20and%20expansion%20of%20the%20largest%20published%20relevant%20data%20matrix&amp;journal=PeerJ&amp;doi=10.7717%2Fpeerj.5565&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Marjanovi%C4%87%2CD&amp;author=Laurin%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Jenkins, X. A. et al. The recumbirostran Hapsidopareion lepton from the Early Permian (Cisuralian: Artinskian) of Oklahoma reassessed using HR\u03bcCT, and the placement of Recumbirostra on the amniote stem. Pap. Palaeontol. 11, e1610 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/spp2.1610\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/spp2.1610\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fspp2.1610\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/spp2.1610\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20recumbirostran%20Hapsidopareion%20lepton%20from%20the%20Early%20Permian%20%28Cisuralian%3A%20Artinskian%29%20of%20Oklahoma%20reassessed%20using%20HR%CE%BCCT%2C%20and%20the%20placement%20of%20Recumbirostra%20on%20the%20amniote%20stem&amp;journal=Pap.%20Palaeontol.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fspp2.1610&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Jenkins%2CXA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Mann, A., Pardo, J. D. &amp; Maddin, H. C. Infernovenator steenae, a new serpentine recumbirostran from the \u2018Mazon Creek\u2019 Lagerst\u00e4tte further clarifies lysorophian origins. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 187, 506\u2013517 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlz026\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlz026\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlz026\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlz026\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Infernovenator%20steenae%2C%20a%20new%20serpentine%20recumbirostran%20from%20the%20%E2%80%98Mazon%20Creek%E2%80%99%20Lagerst%C3%A4tte%20further%20clarifies%20lysorophian%20origins&amp;journal=Zool.%20J.%20Linn.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlz026&amp;volume=187&amp;pages=506-517&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Mann%2CA&amp;author=Pardo%2CJD&amp;author=Maddin%2CHC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Mann, A. &amp; Maddin, H. C. Diabloroter bolti, a short-bodied recumbirostran \u2018microsaur\u2019 from the Francis Creek Shale, Mazon Creek, Illinois. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 187, 494\u2013505 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlz025\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlz025\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlz025\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlz025\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Diabloroter%20bolti%2C%20a%20short-bodied%20recumbirostran%20%E2%80%98microsaur%E2%80%99%20from%20the%20Francis%20Creek%20Shale%2C%20Mazon%20Creek%2C%20Illinois&amp;journal=Zool.%20J.%20Linn.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlz025&amp;volume=187&amp;pages=494-505&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Mann%2CA&amp;author=Maddin%2CHC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Gee, B. M., Bevitt, J. J. &amp; Reisz, R. R. Computed tomographic analysis of the cranium of the early Permian recumbirostran \u2018microsaur\u2019 Euryodus dalyae reveals new details of the braincase and mandible. Pap. Palaeontol. 7, 721\u2013749 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/spp2.1304\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/spp2.1304\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fspp2.1304\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/spp2.1304\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Computed%20tomographic%20analysis%20of%20the%20cranium%20of%20the%20early%20Permian%20recumbirostran%20%E2%80%98microsaur%E2%80%99%20Euryodus%20dalyae%20reveals%20new%20details%20of%20the%20braincase%20and%20mandible&amp;journal=Pap.%20Palaeontol.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fspp2.1304&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=721-749&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Gee%2CBM&amp;author=Bevitt%2CJJ&amp;author=Reisz%2CRR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Mann, A., Calthorpe, A. S. &amp; Maddin, H. C. Joermungandr bolti, an exceptionally preserved \u2018microsaur\u2019 from the Mazon Creek Lagerst\u00e4tte reveals patterns of integumentary evolution in Recumbirostra. R. Soc. Open Sci. 8, 210319 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rsos.210319\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rsos.210319\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frsos.210319\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rsos.210319\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021RSOS....810319M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34295525\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8292758\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Joermungandr%20bolti%2C%20an%20exceptionally%20preserved%20%E2%80%98microsaur%E2%80%99%20from%20the%20Mazon%20Creek%20Lagerst%C3%A4tte%20reveals%20patterns%20of%20integumentary%20evolution%20in%20Recumbirostra&amp;journal=R.%20Soc.%20Open%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frsos.210319&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Mann%2CA&amp;author=Calthorpe%2CAS&amp;author=Maddin%2CHC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Mann, A., Pardo, J. D. &amp; Sues, H.-D. Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive \u2018microsaur\u2019 Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 197, 641\u2013655 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlac043\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlac043\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlac043\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlac043\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Osteology%20and%20phylogenetic%20position%20of%20the%20diminutive%20%E2%80%98microsaur%E2%80%99%20Odonterpeton%20triangulare%20from%20the%20Pennsylvanian%20of%20Linton%2C%20Ohio%2C%20and%20major%20features%20of%20recumbirostran%20phylogeny&amp;journal=Zool.%20J.%20Linn.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlac043&amp;volume=197&amp;pages=641-655&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Mann%2CA&amp;author=Pardo%2CJD&amp;author=Sues%2CH-D\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Pardo, J. D. New information on the neurocranium of Archeria crassidisca and the relationships of the Embolomeri. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 201, zlad156 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlad156\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlad156\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlad156\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlad156\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=New%20information%20on%20the%20neurocranium%20of%20Archeria%20crassidisca%20and%20the%20relationships%20of%20the%20Embolomeri&amp;journal=Zool.%20J.%20Linn.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlad156&amp;volume=201&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Pardo%2CJD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Jenkins, X. A. et al. Evolutionary assembly of crown reptile anatomy clarified by late Paleozoic relatives of Neodiapsida. Peer Community J. 5, e89 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.24072\/pcjournal.620\" data-track-item_id=\"10.24072\/pcjournal.620\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24072%2Fpcjournal.620\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.24072\/pcjournal.620\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evolutionary%20assembly%20of%20crown%20reptile%20anatomy%20clarified%20by%20late%20Paleozoic%20relatives%20of%20Neodiapsida&amp;journal=Peer%20Community%20J.&amp;doi=10.24072%2Fpcjournal.620&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Jenkins%2CXA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Coates, M. I. &amp; Clack, J. A. Romer\u2019s gap: tetrapod origins and terrestriality. Bull. Mus. Natl Hist. Nat. 17, 373\u2013388 (1995).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Romer%E2%80%99s%20gap%3A%20tetrapod%20origins%20and%20terrestriality&amp;journal=Bull.%20Mus.%20Natl%20Hist.%20Nat.&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=373-388&amp;publication_year=1995&amp;author=Coates%2CMI&amp;author=Clack%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Pardo, J. D., Holmes, R. &amp; Anderson, J. S. An enigmatic braincase from Five Points, Ohio (Westphalian D) further supports a stem tetrapod position for a\u00efstopods. Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 109, 255\u2013264 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=An%20enigmatic%20braincase%20from%20Five%20Points%2C%20Ohio%20%28Westphalian%20D%29%20further%20supports%20a%20stem%20tetrapod%20position%20for%20a%C3%AFstopods&amp;journal=Earth%20Environ.%20Sci.%20Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.&amp;volume=109&amp;pages=255-264&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Pardo%2CJD&amp;author=Holmes%2CR&amp;author=Anderson%2CJS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Witzmann, F. Phylogenetic patterns of character evolution in the hyobranchial apparatus of early tetrapods. Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 104, 145\u2013167 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Phylogenetic%20patterns%20of%20character%20evolution%20in%20the%20hyobranchial%20apparatus%20of%20early%20tetrapods&amp;journal=Earth%20Environ.%20Sci.%20Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.&amp;volume=104&amp;pages=145-167&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Witzmann%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Ruta, M., Jeffery, J. E. &amp; Coates, M. I. A supertree of early tetrapods. Proc. R. Soc. B 270, 2507\u20132516 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2524\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2524\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frspb.2003.2524\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2524\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=14667343\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1691537\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20supertree%20of%20early%20tetrapods&amp;journal=Proc.%20R.%20Soc.%20B&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frspb.2003.2524&amp;volume=270&amp;pages=2507-2516&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Ruta%2CM&amp;author=Jeffery%2CJE&amp;author=Coates%2CMI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Ruta, M. &amp; Coates, M. I. Dates, nodes and character conflict: addressing the lissamphibian origin problem. J. Syst. Palaeontol. 5, 69\u2013122 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S1477201906002008\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S1477201906002008\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS1477201906002008\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S1477201906002008\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dates%2C%20nodes%20and%20character%20conflict%3A%20addressing%20the%20lissamphibian%20origin%20problem&amp;journal=J.%20Syst.%20Palaeontol.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS1477201906002008&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=69-122&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Ruta%2CM&amp;author=Coates%2CMI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Gauthier, J., Kluge, A. G. &amp; Rowe, T. Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils. Cladistics 4, 105\u2013209 (1988).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34949076\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Amniote%20phylogeny%20and%20the%20importance%20of%20fossils&amp;journal=Cladistics&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=105-209&amp;publication_year=1988&amp;author=Gauthier%2CJ&amp;author=Kluge%2CAG&amp;author=Rowe%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Ruta, M. &amp; Clack, J. A. A review of Silvanerpeton miripedes, a stem amniote from the lower carboniferous of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 97, 31\u201363 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S0263593300001395\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S0263593300001395\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS0263593300001395\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S0263593300001395\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20review%20of%20Silvanerpeton%20miripedes%2C%20a%20stem%20amniote%20from%20the%20lower%20carboniferous%20of%20East%20Kirkton%2C%20West%20Lothian%2C%20Scotland&amp;journal=Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.%20Earth%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS0263593300001395&amp;volume=97&amp;pages=31-63&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Ruta%2CM&amp;author=Clack%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Carroll, R. L. in Amphibian Biology Vol. 4 (ed. Heatwole, H.) 1198\u20131269 (Surrey Beatty, 2000).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Laurin, M. &amp; Reisz, R. R. A new study of Solenodonsaurus janenschi, and a reconsideration of amniote origins and stegocephalian evolution. Can. J. Earth Sci. 36, 1239\u20131255 (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1139\/e99-036\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1139\/e99-036\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139%2Fe99-036\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1139\/e99-036\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1999CaJES..36.1239L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20new%20study%20of%20Solenodonsaurus%20janenschi%2C%20and%20a%20reconsideration%20of%20amniote%20origins%20and%20stegocephalian%20evolution&amp;journal=Can.%20J.%20Earth%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1139%2Fe99-036&amp;volume=36&amp;pages=1239-1255&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=Laurin%2CM&amp;author=Reisz%2CRR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Clack, J. A. et al. Acherontiscus caledoniae: the earliest heterodont and durophagous tetrapod. R. Soc. Open Sci. 6, 182087 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rsos.182087\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rsos.182087\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frsos.182087\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rsos.182087\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019RSOS....682087C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31218034\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6549999\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Acherontiscus%20caledoniae%3A%20the%20earliest%20heterodont%20and%20durophagous%20tetrapod&amp;journal=R.%20Soc.%20Open%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frsos.182087&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Clack%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Arbez, T., Atkins, J. B. &amp; Maddin, H. C. Cranial anatomy and systematics of Dendrerpeton cf. helogenes (Tetrapoda, Temnospondyli) from the Pennsylvanian of Joggins, revisited through micro-CT scanning. Pap. Palaeontol. 8, e1421 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/spp2.1421\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/spp2.1421\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fspp2.1421\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/spp2.1421\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cranial%20anatomy%20and%20systematics%20of%20Dendrerpeton%20cf.%20helogenes%20%28Tetrapoda%2C%20Temnospondyli%29%20from%20the%20Pennsylvanian%20of%20Joggins%2C%20revisited%20through%20micro-CT%20scanning&amp;journal=Pap.%20Palaeontol.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fspp2.1421&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Arbez%2CT&amp;author=Atkins%2CJB&amp;author=Maddin%2CHC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Klembara, J., Berman, D. S., Henrici, A. C. &amp; \u010cer\u0148ansk\u00fd, A. New structures and reconstructions of the skull of the seymouriamorph Seymouria sanjuanensis Vaughn. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 74, 217\u2013225 (2005).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2992\/0097-4463(2005)74[217:NSAROT]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2992\/0097-4463(2005)74[217:NSAROT]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2992%2F0097-4463%282005%2974%5B217%3ANSAROT%5D2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.2992\/0097-4463(2005)74[217:NSAROT]2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=New%20structures%20and%20reconstructions%20of%20the%20skull%20of%20the%20seymouriamorph%20Seymouria%20sanjuanensis%20Vaughn&amp;journal=Ann.%20Carnegie%20Mus.&amp;doi=10.2992%2F0097-4463%282005%2974%5B217%3ANSAROT%5D2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=74&amp;pages=217-225&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Klembara%2CJ&amp;author=Berman%2CDS&amp;author=Henrici%2CAC&amp;author=%C4%8Cer%C5%88ansk%C3%BD%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Rawson, J. R. G., Porro, L. B., Martin-Silverstone, E. &amp; Rayfield, E. J. Osteology and digital reconstruction of the skull of the early tetrapod Whatcheeria deltae. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 41, e1927749 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1080\/02724634.2021.1927749\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1080\/02724634.2021.1927749\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F02724634.2021.1927749\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1080\/02724634.2021.1927749\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Osteology%20and%20digital%20reconstruction%20of%20the%20skull%20of%20the%20early%20tetrapod%20Whatcheeria%20deltae&amp;journal=J.%20Vertebr.%20Paleontol.&amp;doi=10.1080%2F02724634.2021.1927749&amp;volume=41&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Rawson%2CJRG&amp;author=Porro%2CLB&amp;author=Martin-Silverstone%2CE&amp;author=Rayfield%2CEJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Holmes, R. The skull and axial skeleton of the Lower Permian anthracosauroid amphibian Archeria crassidisca Cope. Palaeontogr. Abt. A 207, 161\u2013206 (1989).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20skull%20and%20axial%20skeleton%20of%20the%20Lower%20Permian%20anthracosauroid%20amphibian%20Archeria%20crassidisca%20Cope&amp;journal=Palaeontogr.%20Abt.%20A&amp;volume=207&amp;pages=161-206&amp;publication_year=1989&amp;author=Holmes%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Porro, L. B., Rayfield, E. J. &amp; Clack, J. A. Computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of the stem tetrapod Crassigyrinus scoticus Watson, 1929. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 42, e2183134 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1080\/02724634.2023.2183134\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1080\/02724634.2023.2183134\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F02724634.2023.2183134\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1080\/02724634.2023.2183134\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Computed%20tomography%20and%20three-dimensional%20reconstruction%20of%20the%20skull%20of%20the%20stem%20tetrapod%20Crassigyrinus%20scoticus%20Watson%2C%201929&amp;journal=J.%20Vertebr.%20Paleontol.&amp;doi=10.1080%2F02724634.2023.2183134&amp;volume=42&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Porro%2CLB&amp;author=Rayfield%2CEJ&amp;author=Clack%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Berman, D. S., Henrici, A. C., Kissel, R. A., Sumida, S. S. &amp; Martens, T. A new diadectid (Diadectomorpha), Orobates pabsti, from the early Permian of central Germany. Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. 35, 1\u201336 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2992\/0145-9058(2004)35[1:ANDDOP]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2992\/0145-9058(2004)35[1:ANDDOP]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2992%2F0145-9058%282004%2935%5B1%3AANDDOP%5D2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.2992\/0145-9058(2004)35[1:ANDDOP]2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20new%20diadectid%20%28Diadectomorpha%29%2C%20Orobates%20pabsti%2C%20from%20the%20early%20Permian%20of%20central%20Germany&amp;journal=Bull.%20Carnegie%20Mus.%20Nat.%20Hist.&amp;doi=10.2992%2F0145-9058%282004%2935%5B1%3AANDDOP%5D2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=1-36&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Berman%2CDS&amp;author=Henrici%2CAC&amp;author=Kissel%2CRA&amp;author=Sumida%2CSS&amp;author=Martens%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Downs, J. P., Daeschler, E. B., Long, A. M. &amp; Shubin, N. H. Eusthenopteron jenkinsi sp. nov. (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae) from the Upper Devonian of Nunavut, Canada, and a review of Eusthenopteron taxonomy. Breviora 562, 1\u201324 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3099\/MCZ44.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3099\/MCZ44.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3099%2FMCZ44.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.3099\/MCZ44.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Eusthenopteron%20jenkinsi%20sp.%20nov.%20%28Sarcopterygii%2C%20Tristichopteridae%29%20from%20the%20Upper%20Devonian%20of%20Nunavut%2C%20Canada%2C%20and%20a%20review%20of%20Eusthenopteron%20taxonomy&amp;journal=Breviora&amp;doi=10.3099%2FMCZ44.1&amp;volume=562&amp;pages=1-24&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Downs%2CJP&amp;author=Daeschler%2CEB&amp;author=Long%2CAM&amp;author=Shubin%2CNH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Panchen, A. L. &amp; Smithson, T. R. Character diagnosis, fossils and the origin of tetrapods. Biol. Rev. 62, 341\u2013436 (1987).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1987.tb01635.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1987.tb01635.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1987.tb01635.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1987.tb01635.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Character%20diagnosis%2C%20fossils%20and%20the%20origin%20of%20tetrapods&amp;journal=Biol.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1987.tb01635.x&amp;volume=62&amp;pages=341-436&amp;publication_year=1987&amp;author=Panchen%2CAL&amp;author=Smithson%2CTR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Ruta, M., Milner, A. R. &amp; Coates, M. I. The tetrapod Caerorhachis bairdi Holmes and Carroll from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 92, 229\u2013261 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S0263593300000249\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S0263593300000249\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS0263593300000249\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S0263593300000249\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20tetrapod%20Caerorhachis%20bairdi%20Holmes%20and%20Carroll%20from%20the%20Lower%20Carboniferous%20of%20Scotland&amp;journal=Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.%20Earth%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS0263593300000249&amp;volume=92&amp;pages=229-261&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Ruta%2CM&amp;author=Milner%2CAR&amp;author=Coates%2CMI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Bolt, J. R. &amp; Lombard, R. E. The mandible of the primitive tetrapod Greererpeton, and the early evolution of the tetrapod lower jaw. J. Paleontol. 75, 1016\u20131042 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1666\/0022-3360(2001)075&lt;1016:TMOTPT&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1666\/0022-3360(2001)075&lt;1016:TMOTPT&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1666%2F0022-3360%282001%29075%3C1016%3ATMOTPT%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1666\/0022-3360(2001)075&lt;1016:TMOTPT&gt;2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2001JPal...75.1016B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20mandible%20of%20the%20primitive%20tetrapod%20Greererpeton%2C%20and%20the%20early%20evolution%20of%20the%20tetrapod%20lower%20jaw&amp;journal=J.%20Paleontol.&amp;doi=10.1666%2F0022-3360%282001%29075%3C1016%3ATMOTPT%3E2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=75&amp;pages=1016-1042&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Bolt%2CJR&amp;author=Lombard%2CRE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Lebedev, O. A. Morphology of a new osteolepidid fish from Russia. Bull. Mus. Natl Hist. Nat. C 17, 287\u2013341 (1995).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Morphology%20of%20a%20new%20osteolepidid%20fish%20from%20Russia&amp;journal=Bull.%20Mus.%20Natl%20Hist.%20Nat.%20C&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=287-341&amp;publication_year=1995&amp;author=Lebedev%2COA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Clack, J. A. Pholiderpeton scutigerum Huxley, an amphibian from the Yorkshire coal measures. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 318, 1\u2013107 (1987).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rstb.1987.0082\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rstb.1987.0082\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frstb.1987.0082\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rstb.1987.0082\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1987RSPTB.318....1C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Pholiderpeton%20scutigerum%20Huxley%2C%20an%20amphibian%20from%20the%20Yorkshire%20coal%20measures&amp;journal=Phil.%20Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Lond.%20B&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frstb.1987.0082&amp;volume=318&amp;pages=1-107&amp;publication_year=1987&amp;author=Clack%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Smithson, T. R. Eldeceeon rolfei, a new reptiliomorph from the Vis\u00e9an of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 84, 377\u2013382 (1993).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Eldeceeon%20rolfei%2C%20a%20new%20reptiliomorph%20from%20the%20Vis%C3%A9an%20of%20East%20Kirkton%2C%20West%20Lothian%2C%20Scotland&amp;journal=Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.%20Earth%20Sci.&amp;volume=84&amp;pages=377-382&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;author=Smithson%2CTR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Carroll, R. L. A new family of Carboniferous amphibians. Palaeontology 12, 537\u2013548 (1969).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20new%20family%20of%20Carboniferous%20amphibians&amp;journal=Palaeontology&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=537-548&amp;publication_year=1969&amp;author=Carroll%2CRL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Mann, A., Xiong, Z., Calthorpe, A. S., Sues, H.-D. &amp; Maddin, H. C. Carboniferous recumbirostran elucidates the origins of terrestrial herbivory. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 10, 193\u2013202 (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41559-025-02929-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41559-025-02929-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41559-025-02929-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41559-025-02929-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=41667672\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Carboniferous%20recumbirostran%20elucidates%20the%20origins%20of%20terrestrial%20herbivory&amp;journal=Nat.%20Ecol.%20Evol.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41559-025-02929-8&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=193-202&amp;publication_year=2026&amp;author=Mann%2CA&amp;author=Xiong%2CZ&amp;author=Calthorpe%2CAS&amp;author=Sues%2CH-D&amp;author=Maddin%2CHC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Carroll, R. L., Bybee, P. &amp; Tidwell, W. D. The oldest microsaur (Amphibia). J. Paleontol. 65, 314\u2013322 (1991).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S0022336000020552\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S0022336000020552\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS0022336000020552\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S0022336000020552\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1991JPal...65..314C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20oldest%20microsaur%20%28Amphibia%29&amp;journal=J.%20Paleontol.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS0022336000020552&amp;volume=65&amp;pages=314-322&amp;publication_year=1991&amp;author=Carroll%2CRL&amp;author=Bybee%2CP&amp;author=Tidwell%2CWD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Paton, R. L., Smithson, T. R. &amp; Clack, J. A. An amniote-like skeleton from the Early Carboniferous of Scotland. Nature 398, 508\u2013513 (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/19071\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/19071\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2F19071\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/19071\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1999Natur.398..508P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisFGqt74%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=An%20amniote-like%20skeleton%20from%20the%20Early%20Carboniferous%20of%20Scotland&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2F19071&amp;volume=398&amp;pages=508-513&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=Paton%2CRL&amp;author=Smithson%2CTR&amp;author=Clack%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Smithson, T. R., Ruta, M. &amp; Clack, J. A. On Ossirarus kierani, a stem tetrapod from the Tournaisian of Burnmouth, Berwickshire, Scotland, and the phylogeny of early tetrapods. Foss. Rec. 27, 333\u2013352 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3897\/fr.27.e126410\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3897\/fr.27.e126410\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897%2Ffr.27.e126410\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.3897\/fr.27.e126410\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=On%20Ossirarus%20kierani%2C%20a%20stem%20tetrapod%20from%20the%20Tournaisian%20of%20Burnmouth%2C%20Berwickshire%2C%20Scotland%2C%20and%20the%20phylogeny%20of%20early%20tetrapods&amp;journal=Foss.%20Rec.&amp;doi=10.3897%2Ffr.27.e126410&amp;volume=27&amp;pages=333-352&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Smithson%2CTR&amp;author=Ruta%2CM&amp;author=Clack%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Pierce, S. E. et al. Vertebral architecture in the earliest stem tetrapods. Nature 494, 226\u2013229 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature11825\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature11825\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature11825\" aria-label=\"Article reference 51\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature11825\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013Natur.494..226P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23334417\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFSisb8%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Vertebral%20architecture%20in%20the%20earliest%20stem%20tetrapods&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature11825&amp;volume=494&amp;pages=226-229&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Pierce%2CSE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Danto, M., Witzmann, F. &amp; Fr\u00f6bisch, N. B. Vertebral development in Paleozoic and Mesozoic tetrapods revealed by paleohistological data. PLoS ONE\u00a011, e0152586 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152586\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152586\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0152586\" aria-label=\"Article reference 52\" data-doi=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152586\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27074015\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4830443\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Vertebral%20development%20in%20Paleozoic%20and%20Mesozoic%20tetrapods%20revealed%20by%20paleohistological%20data&amp;journal=PLoS%20ONE&amp;doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0152586&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Danto%2CM&amp;author=Witzmann%2CF&amp;author=Fr%C3%B6bisch%2CNB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Otoo, B. K. A., Bolt, J. R., Lombard, R. E., Angielczyk, K. D. &amp; Coates, M. I. The postcranial anatomy of Whatcheeria deltae and its implications for the family Whatcheeriidae. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 193, 700\u2013745 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaa182\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaa182\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlaa182\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlaa182\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20postcranial%20anatomy%20of%20Whatcheeria%20deltae%20and%20its%20implications%20for%20the%20family%20Whatcheeriidae&amp;journal=Zool.%20J.%20Linn.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlaa182&amp;volume=193&amp;pages=700-745&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Otoo%2CBKA&amp;author=Bolt%2CJR&amp;author=Lombard%2CRE&amp;author=Angielczyk%2CKD&amp;author=Coates%2CMI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Clack, J. A. Eucritta melanolimnetes from the Early Carboniferous of Scotland, a stem tetrapod showing a mosaic of characteristics. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 92, 75\u201395 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S0263593300000055\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S0263593300000055\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS0263593300000055\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S0263593300000055\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Eucritta%20melanolimnetes%20from%20the%20Early%20Carboniferous%20of%20Scotland%2C%20a%20stem%20tetrapod%20showing%20a%20mosaic%20of%20characteristics&amp;journal=Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.%20Earth%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS0263593300000055&amp;volume=92&amp;pages=75-95&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Clack%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Clack, J. A., Smithson, T. R. &amp; Ruta, M. A Mississippian (early Carboniferous) tetrapod showing early diversification of the hindlimbs. Commun. Biol. 5, 283 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s42003-022-03199-x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s42003-022-03199-x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs42003-022-03199-x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s42003-022-03199-x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35422092\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9010477\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20Mississippian%20%28early%20Carboniferous%29%20tetrapod%20showing%20early%20diversification%20of%20the%20hindlimbs&amp;journal=Commun.%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs42003-022-03199-x&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Clack%2CJA&amp;author=Smithson%2CTR&amp;author=Ruta%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Wood, S. P., Panchen, A. L. &amp; Smithson, T. R. A terrestrial fauna from the Scottish Lower Carboniferous. Nature 314, 355\u2013356 (1985).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/314355a0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/314355a0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2F314355a0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/314355a0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1985Natur.314..355W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20terrestrial%20fauna%20from%20the%20Scottish%20Lower%20Carboniferous&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2F314355a0&amp;volume=314&amp;pages=355-356&amp;publication_year=1985&amp;author=Wood%2CSP&amp;author=Panchen%2CAL&amp;author=Smithson%2CTR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Bever, G. S. &amp; Norell, M. A. A new rhynchocephalian (Reptilia: Lepidosauria) from the Late Jurassic of Solnhofen (Germany) and the origin of the marine Pleurosauridae. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 170570 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rsos.170570\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rsos.170570\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frsos.170570\" aria-label=\"Article reference 57\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rsos.170570\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017RSOS....470570B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29291055\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5717629\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20new%20rhynchocephalian%20%28Reptilia%3A%20Lepidosauria%29%20from%20the%20Late%20Jurassic%20of%20Solnhofen%20%28Germany%29%20and%20the%20origin%20of%20the%20marine%20Pleurosauridae&amp;journal=R.%20Soc.%20Open%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frsos.170570&amp;volume=4&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Bever%2CGS&amp;author=Norell%2CMA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Foffa, D., Johnson, M. M., Young, M. T., Steel, L. &amp; Brusatte, S. L. Revision of the Late Jurassic deep-water teleosauroid crocodylomorph Teleosaurus megarhinus Hulke, 1871 and evidence of pelagic adaptations in Teleosauroidea. PeerJ 7, e6646 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.7717\/peerj.6646\" data-track-item_id=\"10.7717\/peerj.6646\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717%2Fpeerj.6646\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.7717\/peerj.6646\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30972249\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6450380\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Revision%20of%20the%20Late%20Jurassic%20deep-water%20teleosauroid%20crocodylomorph%20Teleosaurus%20megarhinus%20Hulke%2C%201871%20and%20evidence%20of%20pelagic%20adaptations%20in%20Teleosauroidea&amp;journal=PeerJ&amp;doi=10.7717%2Fpeerj.6646&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Foffa%2CD&amp;author=Johnson%2CMM&amp;author=Young%2CMT&amp;author=Steel%2CL&amp;author=Brusatte%2CSL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Camaiti, M. et al. A database of the morphology, ecology and literature of the world\u2019s limb-reduced skinks. J. Biogeogr. 49, 1397\u20131406 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/jbi.14392\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/jbi.14392\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fjbi.14392\" aria-label=\"Article reference 59\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/jbi.14392\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20database%20of%20the%20morphology%2C%20ecology%20and%20literature%20of%20the%20world%E2%80%99s%20limb-reduced%20skinks&amp;journal=J.%20Biogeogr.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fjbi.14392&amp;volume=49&amp;pages=1397-1406&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Camaiti%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Carter, A. M., Hsieh, S. T., Dodson, P. &amp; Sallan, L. Early amphibians evolved distinct vertebrae for habitat invasions. PLoS ONE\u00a016, e0251983 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251983\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251983\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0251983\" aria-label=\"Article reference 60\" data-doi=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251983\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34106947\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8189462\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhtlaktr3E\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 60\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Early%20amphibians%20evolved%20distinct%20vertebrae%20for%20habitat%20invasions&amp;journal=PLoS%20ONE&amp;doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0251983&amp;volume=16&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Carter%2CAM&amp;author=Hsieh%2CST&amp;author=Dodson%2CP&amp;author=Sallan%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Mihalitsis, M. &amp; Bellwood, D. Functional implications of dentition-based morphotypes in piscivorous fishes. R. Soc. Open Sci. 6, 190040 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rsos.190040\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rsos.190040\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frsos.190040\" aria-label=\"Article reference 61\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rsos.190040\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019RSOS....690040M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31598277\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6774978\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Functional%20implications%20of%20dentition-based%20morphotypes%20in%20piscivorous%20fishes&amp;journal=R.%20Soc.%20Open%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frsos.190040&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Mihalitsis%2CM&amp;author=Bellwood%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Porro, L. B., Martin-Silverstone, E. &amp; Rayfield, E. J. Descriptive anatomy and three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of the tetrapod Eoherpeton watsoni Panchen, 1975 from the Carboniferous of Scotland. Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 115, 164\u2013184 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 62\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Descriptive%20anatomy%20and%20three-dimensional%20reconstruction%20of%20the%20skull%20of%20the%20tetrapod%20Eoherpeton%20watsoni%20Panchen%2C%201975%20from%20the%20Carboniferous%20of%20Scotland&amp;journal=Earth%20Environ.%20Sci.%20Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.&amp;volume=115&amp;pages=164-184&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Porro%2CLB&amp;author=Martin-Silverstone%2CE&amp;author=Rayfield%2CEJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Watson, D. M. S. The evolution of the tetrapod shoulder girdle and fore-limb. J. Anat. 52, 1\u201363 (1917).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17103828\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 63\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1262838\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 63\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD1crislSrsg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 63\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20evolution%20of%20the%20tetrapod%20shoulder%20girdle%20and%20fore-limb&amp;journal=J.%20Anat.&amp;volume=52&amp;pages=1-63&amp;publication_year=1917&amp;author=Watson%2CDMS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Shubin, N. H., Daeschler, E. B. &amp; Coates, M. I. The early evolution of the tetrapod humerus. Science 304, 90\u201393 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1094295\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1094295\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1094295\" aria-label=\"Article reference 64\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1094295\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2004Sci...304...90S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=15064415\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXis1antrY%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 64\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20early%20evolution%20of%20the%20tetrapod%20humerus&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1094295&amp;volume=304&amp;pages=90-93&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Shubin%2CNH&amp;author=Daeschler%2CEB&amp;author=Coates%2CMI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Milner, A. R. &amp; Sequeira, S. E. K. The temnospondyl amphibians from the Vis\u00e9an of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 84, 331\u2013361 (1993).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 65\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20temnospondyl%20amphibians%20from%20the%20Vis%C3%A9an%20of%20East%20Kirkton%2C%20West%20Lothian%2C%20Scotland&amp;journal=Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.%20Earth%20Sci.&amp;volume=84&amp;pages=331-361&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;author=Milner%2CAR&amp;author=Sequeira%2CSEK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Maddin, H. C., Eckhart, L., Jaeger, K., Russell, A. P. &amp; Ghannadan, M. The anatomy and development of the claws of Xenopus laevis (Lissamphibia: Anura) reveal alternate pathways of structural evolution in the integument of tetrapods. J. Anat. 214, 607\u2013619 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01052.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01052.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2009.01052.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 66\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01052.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19422431\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2736125\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20anatomy%20and%20development%20of%20the%20claws%20of%20Xenopus%20laevis%20%28Lissamphibia%3A%20Anura%29%20reveal%20alternate%20pathways%20of%20structural%20evolution%20in%20the%20integument%20of%20tetrapods&amp;journal=J.%20Anat.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2009.01052.x&amp;volume=214&amp;pages=607-619&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Maddin%2CHC&amp;author=Eckhart%2CL&amp;author=Jaeger%2CK&amp;author=Russell%2CAP&amp;author=Ghannadan%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Anderson, J. S. A new a\u00efstopod (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli) from Mazon Creek, Illinois. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 23, 79\u201388 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1671\/0272-4634(2003)23[79:ANATLF]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1671\/0272-4634(2003)23[79:ANATLF]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1671%2F0272-4634%282003%2923%5B79%3AANATLF%5D2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 67\" data-doi=\"10.1671\/0272-4634(2003)23[79:ANATLF]2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20new%20a%C3%AFstopod%20%28Tetrapoda%3A%20Lepospondyli%29%20from%20Mazon%20Creek%2C%20Illinois&amp;journal=J.%20Vertebr.%20Paleontol.&amp;doi=10.1671%2F0272-4634%282003%2923%5B79%3AANATLF%5D2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=79-88&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Anderson%2CJS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Andrews, S. M. &amp; Carroll, R. L. The order Adelospondyli: Carboniferous lepospondyl amphibians. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 82, 239\u2013275 (1991).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S0263593300005332\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S0263593300005332\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS0263593300005332\" aria-label=\"Article reference 68\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S0263593300005332\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 68\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20order%20Adelospondyli%3A%20Carboniferous%20lepospondyl%20amphibians&amp;journal=Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20Edinb.%20Earth%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS0263593300005332&amp;volume=82&amp;pages=239-275&amp;publication_year=1991&amp;author=Andrews%2CSM&amp;author=Carroll%2CRL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Mirone, A., Brun, E., Gouillart, E., Tafforeau, P. &amp; Kieffer, J. The PyHST2 hybrid distributed code for high speed tomographic reconstruction with iterative reconstruction and a priori knowledge capabilities. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 324, 41\u201348 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.nimb.2013.09.030\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.nimb.2013.09.030\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.nimb.2013.09.030\" aria-label=\"Article reference 69\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.nimb.2013.09.030\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2014NIMPB.324...41M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 69\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhslSktrw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 69\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 69\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20PyHST2%20hybrid%20distributed%20code%20for%20high%20speed%20tomographic%20reconstruction%20with%20iterative%20reconstruction%20and%20a%20priori%20knowledge%20capabilities&amp;journal=Nucl.%20Instrum.%20Methods%20Phys.%20Res.%20B&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.nimb.2013.09.030&amp;volume=324&amp;pages=41-48&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Mirone%2CA&amp;author=Brun%2CE&amp;author=Gouillart%2CE&amp;author=Tafforeau%2CP&amp;author=Kieffer%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Paganin, D., Mayo, S. C., Gureyev, T. E., Miller, P. R. &amp; Wilkins, S. W. Simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from a single defocused image of a homogeneous object. J. Microsc. 206, 33\u201340 (2002).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2002.01010.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2002.01010.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2818.2002.01010.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 70\" data-doi=\"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2002.01010.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12000561\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 70\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"mathscinet reference\" data-track-action=\"mathscinet reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet-getitem?mr=1891568\" aria-label=\"MathSciNet reference 70\" target=\"_blank\">MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD383mtVWmtg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 70\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 70\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Simultaneous%20phase%20and%20amplitude%20extraction%20from%20a%20single%20defocused%20image%20of%20a%20homogeneous%20object&amp;journal=J.%20Microsc.&amp;doi=10.1046%2Fj.1365-2818.2002.01010.x&amp;volume=206&amp;pages=33-40&amp;publication_year=2002&amp;author=Paganin%2CD&amp;author=Mayo%2CSC&amp;author=Gureyev%2CTE&amp;author=Miller%2CPR&amp;author=Wilkins%2CSW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Lyckegaard, A., Johnson, G. &amp; Tafforeau, P. Correction of ring artifacts in X-ray tomographic images. Int. J. Tomogr. Simul. 18, F11 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Correction%20of%20ring%20artifacts%20in%20X-ray%20tomographic%20images&amp;journal=Int.%20J.%20Tomogr.%20Simul.&amp;volume=18&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Lyckegaard%2CA&amp;author=Johnson%2CG&amp;author=Tafforeau%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Benoit, J. et al. The evolution of the maxillary canal in Probainognathia (Cynodontia, Synapsida): reassessment of the homology of the infraorbital foramen in mammalian ancestors. J. Mamm. Evol. 27, 329\u2013348 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10914-019-09467-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10914-019-09467-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10914-019-09467-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 72\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10914-019-09467-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 72\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20evolution%20of%20the%20maxillary%20canal%20in%20Probainognathia%20%28Cynodontia%2C%20Synapsida%29%3A%20reassessment%20of%20the%20homology%20of%20the%20infraorbital%20foramen%20in%20mammalian%20ancestors&amp;journal=J.%20Mamm.%20Evol.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10914-019-09467-8&amp;volume=27&amp;pages=329-348&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Benoit%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Revell, L. J. phytools 2.0: an updated R ecosystem for phylogenetic comparative methods (and other things). PeerJ 12, e16505 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.7717\/peerj.16505\" data-track-item_id=\"10.7717\/peerj.16505\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717%2Fpeerj.16505\" aria-label=\"Article reference 73\" data-doi=\"10.7717\/peerj.16505\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38192598\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 73\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10773453\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 73\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 73\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=phytools%202.0%3A%20an%20updated%20R%20ecosystem%20for%20phylogenetic%20comparative%20methods%20%28and%20other%20things%29&amp;journal=PeerJ&amp;doi=10.7717%2Fpeerj.16505&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Revell%2CLJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">Bell, M. A. &amp; Lloyd, G. T. strap: an R package for plotting phylogenies against stratigraphy and assessing their stratigraphic congruence. Palaeontology 58, 379\u2013389 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/pala.12142\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/pala.12142\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fpala.12142\" aria-label=\"Article reference 74\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/pala.12142\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 74\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=strap%3A%20an%20R%20package%20for%20plotting%20phylogenies%20against%20stratigraphy%20and%20assessing%20their%20stratigraphic%20congruence&amp;journal=Palaeontology&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fpala.12142&amp;volume=58&amp;pages=379-389&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Bell%2CMA&amp;author=Lloyd%2CGT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ahlberg, P. E. Elginerpeton pancheni and the earliest tetrapod clade. Nature 373, 420\u2013425 (1995). Article\u00a0 ADS\u00a0 CAS\u00a0 Google&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":788095,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[4390,59,4230,4231,27106,60724,34425,90,56,54,55,256954],"class_list":["post-788094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-science","tag-evolution","tag-gb","tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","tag-multidisciplinary","tag-palaeoecology","tag-palaeontology","tag-phylogenetics","tag-science","tag-uk","tag-united-kingdom","tag-unitedkingdom","tag-x-ray-tomography"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=788094"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788094\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/788095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=788094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=788094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=788094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}