2025 Nobel Prize winners

Medicine 
Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi won for discovering how the immune system prevents attacks on the body’s own tissues. Their work on regulatory T cells has advanced treatments for autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Physics
John Clarke (UC Berkeley), Michel H. Devoret (UC Santa Barbara/Yale), and John M. Martinis (UC Santa Barbara) were honored for showing how quantum particles can tunnel through barriers — a breakthrough that paved the way for quantum computing and advanced digital technology.

Chemistry 
Omar M. Yaghi (UC Berkeley), Susumu Kitagawa (Kyoto University), and Richard Robson (University of Melbourne) developed molecular frameworks that trap gases — technology that could help capture carbon and pull water from desert air.

Literature
Hungarian novelist László Krasznahorkai was recognized for surreal, darkly humorous works exploring life under apocalyptic pressures.

Peace
Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado was honored for uniting her country’s divided political opposition amid government repression.

The Nobel award ceremony will be held Dec. 10 in Stockholm, except for the Peace Prize, presented in Oslo.