{"id":56707,"date":"2025-11-17T11:37:09","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T11:37:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/56707\/"},"modified":"2025-11-17T11:37:09","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T11:37:09","slug":"interannual-wave-driven-shoreline-change-on-the-california-coast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/56707\/","title":{"rendered":"Interannual wave-driven shoreline change on the California coast"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Storlazzi, C. D. &amp; Griggs, G. B. Influence of El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the coastline of central California. J. Coast. Res. SI:26, 146\u2013153 (1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Influence%20of%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o-Southern%20Oscillation%20%28ENSO%29%20events%20on%20the%20coastline%20of%20central%20California&amp;journal=J.%20Coast.%20Res.&amp;volume=SI%3A26&amp;pages=146-153&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=Storlazzi%2CCD&amp;author=Griggs%2CGB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Barnard, P. L. et al. The impact of the 2009-10 El Ni\u00f1o Modoki on U.S. West Coast beaches. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, LI3604 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2011GL047707\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2011GL047707\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2011GL047707\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2011GL047707\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20impact%20of%20the%202009-10%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20Modoki%20on%20U.S.%20West%20Coast%20beaches&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2011GL047707&amp;volume=38&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Barnard%2CPL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Barnard, P. L. et al. Coastal vulnerability across the Pacific dominated by El Ni\u00f1o\/Southern Oscillation. Nat. Geosci. 8, 801\u2013807 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/ngeo2539\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/ngeo2539\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fngeo2539\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/ngeo2539\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015NatGe...8..801B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsFaqtbzN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coastal%20vulnerability%20across%20the%20Pacific%20dominated%20by%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o%2FSouthern%20Oscillation&amp;journal=Nat.%20Geosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fngeo2539&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=801-807&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Barnard%2CPL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Barnard, P. et al. Extreme oceanographic forcing and coastal response due to the 2015\u20132016 El Ni\u00f1o. Nat. Commun. 8, 14365 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/ncomms14365\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/ncomms14365\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fncomms14365\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/ncomms14365\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017NatCo...814365B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXislOnsbw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28195580\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5316878\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Extreme%20oceanographic%20forcing%20and%20coastal%20response%20due%20to%20the%202015%E2%80%932016%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fncomms14365&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Barnard%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Doria, A., Guza, R. T., O \u2018Reilly, W. C. &amp; Yates, M. L. Observations and modeling of San Diego beaches during El Ni\u00f1o. Cont. Shelf Res. 124, 153\u2013164 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.csr.2016.05.008\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.csr.2016.05.008\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.csr.2016.05.008\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.csr.2016.05.008\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016CSR...124..153D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observations%20and%20modeling%20of%20San%20Diego%20beaches%20during%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o&amp;journal=Cont.%20Shelf%20Res.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.csr.2016.05.008&amp;volume=124&amp;pages=153-164&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Doria%2CA&amp;author=Guza%2CRT&amp;author=O%20%E2%80%98Reilly%2CWC&amp;author=Yates%2CML\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Young, A. P. et al. Southern California coastal response to the 2015\u20132016 El Ni\u00f1o. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 123, 3069\u20133083 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2018JF004771\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2018JF004771\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2018JF004771\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2018JF004771\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018JGRF..123.3069Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Southern%20California%20coastal%20response%20to%20the%202015%E2%80%932016%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Earth%20Surf.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2018JF004771&amp;volume=123&amp;pages=3069-3083&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Young%2CAP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Vos, K., Harley, M. D., Turner, I. L. &amp; Splinter, K. D. Pacific shoreline erosion and accretion patterns controlled by El Ni\u00f1o\/Southern Oscillation. Nat. Geosci. 16, 140\u2013146 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41561-022-01117-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41561-022-01117-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41561-022-01117-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41561-022-01117-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatGe..16..140V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXjtFygt78%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Pacific%20shoreline%20erosion%20and%20accretion%20patterns%20controlled%20by%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o%2FSouthern%20Oscillation&amp;journal=Nat.%20Geosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41561-022-01117-8&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=140-146&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Vos%2CK&amp;author=Harley%2CMD&amp;author=Turner%2CIL&amp;author=Splinter%2CKD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Graffin, M. et al. Waterline responses to climate forcing along the North American West Coast. Commun. Earth Environ. 6, 444 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s43247-025-02414-x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s43247-025-02414-x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs43247-025-02414-x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s43247-025-02414-x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025ComEE...6..444G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Waterline%20responses%20to%20climate%20forcing%20along%20the%20North%20American%20West%20Coast&amp;journal=Commun.%20Earth%20Environ.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs43247-025-02414-x&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Graffin%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Vos, K., Harley, M. D., Splinter, K. D., Simmons, J. A. &amp; Turner, I. L. Sub-annual to multi-decadal shoreline variability from publicly available satellite imagery. Coast. Eng. 150, 160\u2013174 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2019.04.004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2019.04.004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2019.04.004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2019.04.004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sub-annual%20to%20multi-decadal%20shoreline%20variability%20from%20publicly%20available%20satellite%20imagery&amp;journal=Coast.%20Eng.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2019.04.004&amp;volume=150&amp;pages=160-174&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Vos%2CK&amp;author=Harley%2CMD&amp;author=Splinter%2CKD&amp;author=Simmons%2CJA&amp;author=Turner%2CIL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). ERA5: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate. Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store (CDS). <a href=\"https:\/\/cds.climate.copernicus.eu\/cdsapp#!\/home\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/cds.climate.copernicus.eu\/cdsapp#!\/home\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/cds.climate.copernicus.eu\/cdsapp#!\/home<\/a> (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Vitousek, S., Vos, K., Splinter, K. D., Erikson, L. &amp; Barnard, P. L. A model integrating satellite-derived shoreline observations for predicting fine-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise across large coastal regions. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 128, e2022JF006936 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2022JF006936\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2022JF006936\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2022JF006936\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2022JF006936\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023JGRF..12806936V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20model%20integrating%20satellite-derived%20shoreline%20observations%20for%20predicting%20fine-scale%20shoreline%20response%20to%20waves%20and%20sea-level%20rise%20across%20large%20coastal%20regions&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Earth%20Surf.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2022JF006936&amp;volume=128&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Vitousek%2CS&amp;author=Vos%2CK&amp;author=Splinter%2CKD&amp;author=Erikson%2CL&amp;author=Barnard%2CPL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Anderson, D., Ruggiero, P., Antol\u00ednez, J. A. A., M\u00e9ndez, F. J. &amp; Allan, J. A climate index optimized for longshore sediment transport reveals interannual and multidecadal littoral cell rotations. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 123, 1958\u20131981 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2018JF004689\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2018JF004689\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2018JF004689\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2018JF004689\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018JGRF..123.1958A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20climate%20index%20optimized%20for%20longshore%20sediment%20transport%20reveals%20interannual%20and%20multidecadal%20littoral%20cell%20rotations&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Earth%20Surf.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2018JF004689&amp;volume=123&amp;pages=1958-1981&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Anderson%2CD&amp;author=Ruggiero%2CP&amp;author=Antol%C3%ADnez%2CJAA&amp;author=M%C3%A9ndez%2CFJ&amp;author=Allan%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Wang, X. L. &amp; Swail, V. R. Changes of extreme wave heights in northern hemisphere oceans and related atmospheric circulation regimes. J. Clim. 14, 2204\u20132221 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(2001)014&lt;2204:COEWHI&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(2001)014&lt;2204:COEWHI&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282001%29014%3C2204%3ACOEWHI%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(2001)014&lt;2204:COEWHI&gt;2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2001JCli...14.2204W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Changes%20of%20extreme%20wave%20heights%20in%20northern%20hemisphere%20oceans%20and%20related%20atmospheric%20circulation%20regimes&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F1520-0442%282001%29014%3C2204%3ACOEWHI%3E2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=14&amp;pages=2204-2221&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Wang%2CXL&amp;author=Swail%2CVR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Adams, P. N., Inman, D. L. &amp; Graham, N. E. Southern California deep-water wave climate: characterization and application to coastal processes. J. Coast. Res. 24, 1022\u20131035 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2112\/07-0831.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2112\/07-0831.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2112%2F07-0831.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.2112\/07-0831.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Southern%20California%20deep-water%20wave%20climate%3A%20characterization%20and%20application%20to%20coastal%20processes&amp;journal=J.%20Coast.%20Res.&amp;doi=10.2112%2F07-0831.1&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=1022-1035&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Adams%2CPN&amp;author=Inman%2CDL&amp;author=Graham%2CNE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Bromirski, P. D., Cayan, D. R., Helly, J. &amp; Wittmann, P. Wave power variability and trends across the North Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 118, 6329\u20136348 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/2013JC009189\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/2013JC009189\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2F2013JC009189\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/2013JC009189\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013JGRC..118.6329B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Wave%20power%20variability%20and%20trends%20across%20the%20North%20Pacific&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Oceans&amp;doi=10.1002%2F2013JC009189&amp;volume=118&amp;pages=6329-6348&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Bromirski%2CPD&amp;author=Cayan%2CDR&amp;author=Helly%2CJ&amp;author=Wittmann%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Yang, S. &amp; Oh, J.-H. Effects of modes of climate variability on wave power during boreal summer in the western North Pacific. Sci. Rep. 10, 5187 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41598-020-62138-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41598-020-62138-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-020-62138-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41598-020-62138-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020NatSR..10.5187Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXlvFGisLY%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32198444\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7083846\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effects%20of%20modes%20of%20climate%20variability%20on%20wave%20power%20during%20boreal%20summer%20in%20the%20western%20North%20Pacific&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-020-62138-0&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Yang%2CS&amp;author=Oh%2CJ-H\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Zhang, Y., Wallace, J. M. &amp; Battisti, D. S. ENSO-like Interdecadal Variability: 1900\u201393. J. Clim. 10, 1004\u20131020 (1997).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1997)010&lt;1004:ELIV&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1997)010&lt;1004:ELIV&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F1520-0442%281997%29010%3C1004%3AELIV%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1997)010&lt;1004:ELIV&gt;2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1997JCli...10.1004Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=ENSO-like%20Interdecadal%20Variability%3A%201900%E2%80%9393&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F1520-0442%281997%29010%3C1004%3AELIV%3E2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=1004-1020&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Zhang%2CY&amp;author=Wallace%2CJM&amp;author=Battisti%2CDS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Adusumilli, S. et al. Predicting shoreline changes along the California coast using deep learning applied to satellite observations. J. Geophys. Res. Mach. Learn. Comput. 1, e2024JH000172 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Predicting%20shoreline%20changes%20along%20the%20California%20coast%20using%20deep%20learning%20applied%20to%20satellite%20observations&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Mach.%20Learn.%20Comput.&amp;volume=1&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Adusumilli%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Warrick, J. A. et al. Shoreline seasonality of California\u2019s beaches. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 130, e2024JF007836 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2024JF007836\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2024JF007836\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2024JF007836\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2024JF007836\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025JGRF..13007836W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Shoreline%20seasonality%20of%20California%E2%80%99s%20beaches&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Earth%20Surf.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2024JF007836&amp;volume=130&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Warrick%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">P\u00e9rez, J., M\u00e9ndez, F. J., Men\u00e9ndez, M. &amp; Losada, I. J. ESTELA: a method for evaluating the source and travel time of the wave energy reaching a local area. Ocean Dyn. 64, 1181\u20131191 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10236-014-0740-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10236-014-0740-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10236-014-0740-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10236-014-0740-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2014OcDyn..64.1181P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=ESTELA%3A%20a%20method%20for%20evaluating%20the%20source%20and%20travel%20time%20of%20the%20wave%20energy%20reaching%20a%20local%20area&amp;journal=Ocean%20Dyn.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10236-014-0740-7&amp;volume=64&amp;pages=1181-1191&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=P%C3%A9rez%2CJ&amp;author=M%C3%A9ndez%2CFJ&amp;author=Men%C3%A9ndez%2CM&amp;author=Losada%2CIJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Ludka, B. C., Guza, R. T. &amp; O\u2019Reilly, W. C. Nourishment evolution and impacts at four southern California beaches: a sand volume analysis. Coast. Eng. 136, 96\u2013105 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2018.02.003\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2018.02.003\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2018.02.003\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2018.02.003\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nourishment%20evolution%20and%20impacts%20at%20four%20southern%20California%20beaches%3A%20a%20sand%20volume%20analysis&amp;journal=Coast.%20Eng.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2018.02.003&amp;volume=136&amp;pages=96-105&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Ludka%2CBC&amp;author=Guza%2CRT&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Reilly%2CWC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Ludka, B. C. et al. Sixteen years of bathymetry and waves at San Diego beaches. Sci. Data 6, 161 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41597-019-0167-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41597-019-0167-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41597-019-0167-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41597-019-0167-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BB3MrjsVSksg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31467271\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6715754\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sixteen%20years%20of%20bathymetry%20and%20waves%20at%20San%20Diego%20beaches&amp;journal=Sci.%20Data&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41597-019-0167-6&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Ludka%2CBC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Ludka, B. C., Young, A. P., Guza, R. T., O\u2019Reilly, W. C. &amp; Merrifield, M. A. Alongshore variability of a southern California beach, before and after nourishment. Coast. Eng. 179, 10423 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2022.104223\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2022.104223\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2022.104223\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2022.104223\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Alongshore%20variability%20of%20a%20southern%20California%20beach%2C%20before%20and%20after%20nourishment&amp;journal=Coast.%20Eng.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2022.104223&amp;volume=179&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Ludka%2CBC&amp;author=Young%2CAP&amp;author=Guza%2CRT&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Reilly%2CWC&amp;author=Merrifield%2CMA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Behrens, J. et al. Coastal Data Information Program: advances in measuring and modeling wave activity, climate, and extremes. Coast. Eng. J. 66, 3\u201316 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1080\/21664250.2024.2308021\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1080\/21664250.2024.2308021\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F21664250.2024.2308021\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1080\/21664250.2024.2308021\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coastal%20Data%20Information%20Program%3A%20advances%20in%20measuring%20and%20modeling%20wave%20activity%2C%20climate%2C%20and%20extremes&amp;journal=Coast.%20Eng.%20J.&amp;doi=10.1080%2F21664250.2024.2308021&amp;volume=66&amp;pages=3-16&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Behrens%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Od\u00e9riz, I., Silva, R., Mortlock, T. R. &amp; Mori, N. El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation impacts on global wave climate and potential coastal hazards. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 125, e2020JC016464 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2020JC016464\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2020JC016464\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2020JC016464\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2020JC016464\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020JGRC..12516464O\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=El%20Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern%20Oscillation%20impacts%20on%20global%20wave%20climate%20and%20potential%20coastal%20hazards&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Oceans&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2020JC016464&amp;volume=125&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Od%C3%A9riz%2CI&amp;author=Silva%2CR&amp;author=Mortlock%2CTR&amp;author=Mori%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Inman, D. L., &amp; Frautschy, J. D. Littoral Processes and the development of shorelines. In Proceedings Coastal Engineering Specialty Conference (ASCE, 1966).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Runyan, K. &amp; Griggs, G. B. The effects of armoring seacliffs on the natural sand supply to the beaches of California. J. Coast. Res. 19, 336\u2013347 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20effects%20of%20armoring%20seacliffs%20on%20the%20natural%20sand%20supply%20to%20the%20beaches%20of%20California&amp;journal=J.%20Coast.%20Res.&amp;volume=19&amp;pages=336-347&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Runyan%2CK&amp;author=Griggs%2CGB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Patsch, K. &amp; Griggs, G. B. Littoral Cells, Sand Budgets, and Beaches: Understanding California\u2019s Shoreline (Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2006). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coastal.ca.gov\/coastalvoices\/resources\/2006-LittoralCells.pdf\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.coastal.ca.gov\/coastalvoices\/resources\/2006-LittoralCells.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.coastal.ca.gov\/coastalvoices\/resources\/2006-LittoralCells.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Slagel, M. J. &amp; Griggs, G. B. Cumulative losses of sand to the California coast by dam impoundment. J. Coast. Res. 24, 571\u2013584 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2112\/06-0640.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2112\/06-0640.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2112%2F06-0640.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.2112\/06-0640.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cumulative%20losses%20of%20sand%20to%20the%20California%20coast%20by%20dam%20impoundment&amp;journal=J.%20Coast.%20Res.&amp;doi=10.2112%2F06-0640.1&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=571-584&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Slagel%2CMJ&amp;author=Griggs%2CGB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Pawka, S. S. Island shadows in wave directional spectra. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 2579\u20132591 (1983).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/JC088iC04p02579\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/JC088iC04p02579\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2FJC088iC04p02579\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/JC088iC04p02579\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1983JGR....88.2579P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Island%20shadows%20in%20wave%20directional%20spectra&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&amp;doi=10.1029%2FJC088iC04p02579&amp;volume=88&amp;pages=2579-2591&amp;publication_year=1983&amp;author=Pawka%2CSS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">O\u2019Reilly, W. C. &amp; Guza, R. T. A comparison of two spectral wave models in the Southern California Bight. Coast. Eng. 19, 263\u2013282 (1993).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/0378-3839(93)90032-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/0378-3839(93)90032-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0378-3839%2893%2990032-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/0378-3839(93)90032-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20comparison%20of%20two%20spectral%20wave%20models%20in%20the%20Southern%20California%20Bight&amp;journal=Coast.%20Eng.&amp;doi=10.1016%2F0378-3839%2893%2990032-4&amp;volume=19&amp;pages=263-282&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Reilly%2CWC&amp;author=Guza%2CRT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Kuriyama, Y., Banno, M. &amp; Suzuki, T. Linkages among interannual variations of shoreline, wave and climate at Hasaki, Japan. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, 2\u20135 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2011GL050704\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2011GL050704\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2011GL050704\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2011GL050704\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Linkages%20among%20interannual%20variations%20of%20shoreline%2C%20wave%20and%20climate%20at%20Hasaki%2C%20Japan&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2011GL050704&amp;volume=39&amp;pages=2-5&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Kuriyama%2CY&amp;author=Banno%2CM&amp;author=Suzuki%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Durrant, T., Greenslade, D., Hemer, M. &amp; Trenham, C. A Global Hindcast focussed on the Central and South Pacific. CAWCR Technical Report (CAWCR, 2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Smith, G. A. et al. Global wave hindcast with Australian and Pacific Island focus: From past to present. Geosci. Data J. 1\u201310 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gdj3.104\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/gdj3.104\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gdj3.104<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Kumar, A. &amp; Hoerling, M. P. Interpretation and implications of observed inter-El Ni\u00f1o variability. J. Clim. 10, 83\u201391 (1997).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1997)010&lt;0083:IAIOTO&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1997)010&lt;0083:IAIOTO&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F1520-0442%281997%29010%3C0083%3AIAIOTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1997)010&lt;0083:IAIOTO&gt;2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1997JCli...10...83K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 35\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Interpretation%20and%20implications%20of%20observed%20inter-El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20variability&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F1520-0442%281997%29010%3C0083%3AIAIOTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=83-91&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Kumar%2CA&amp;author=Hoerling%2CMP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Christensen, D. F., Hughes, M. G. &amp; Aagaard, T. Wave period and grain size controls on short-wave suspended sediment transport under shoaling and breaking waves. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 124, 3124\u20133142 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2019JF005168\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2019JF005168\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2019JF005168\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2019JF005168\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019JGRF..124.3124C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Wave%20period%20and%20grain%20size%20controls%20on%20short-wave%20suspended%20sediment%20transport%20under%20shoaling%20and%20breaking%20waves&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Earth%20Surf.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2019JF005168&amp;volume=124&amp;pages=3124-3142&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Christensen%2CDF&amp;author=Hughes%2CMG&amp;author=Aagaard%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Warrick, J. A., Vos, K., Buscombe, D., Ritchie, A. C. &amp; Curtis, J. A. A large sediment accretion wave along a Northern California littoral cell. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 128, e2023JF007135 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2023JF007135\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2023JF007135\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2023JF007135\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2023JF007135\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023JGRF..12807135W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20large%20sediment%20accretion%20wave%20along%20a%20Northern%20California%20littoral%20cell&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Earth%20Surf.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2023JF007135&amp;volume=128&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Warrick%2CJA&amp;author=Vos%2CK&amp;author=Buscombe%2CD&amp;author=Ritchie%2CAC&amp;author=Curtis%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Davidson, M. A., Turner, I. L., Splinter, K. D. &amp; Harley, M. D. Annual prediction of shoreline erosion and subsequent recovery. Coast. Eng. 130, 14\u201325 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2017.09.008\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2017.09.008\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2017.09.008\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2017.09.008\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Annual%20prediction%20of%20shoreline%20erosion%20and%20subsequent%20recovery&amp;journal=Coast.%20Eng.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2017.09.008&amp;volume=130&amp;pages=14-25&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Davidson%2CMA&amp;author=Turner%2CIL&amp;author=Splinter%2CKD&amp;author=Harley%2CMD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Hemer, M. A., Church, J. A. &amp; Hunter, J. R. Variability and trends in the directional wave climate of the Southern Hemisphere. Int. J. Climatol. 30, 475\u2013491 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/joc.1900\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/joc.1900\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fjoc.1900\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/joc.1900\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Variability%20and%20trends%20in%20the%20directional%20wave%20climate%20of%20the%20Southern%20Hemisphere&amp;journal=Int.%20J.%20Climatol.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fjoc.1900&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=475-491&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Hemer%2CMA&amp;author=Church%2CJA&amp;author=Hunter%2CJR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Trenberth, K. E. et al. Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Sweet, W. V. et al. Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States: Updated Mean Projections and Extreme Water Level Probabilities along U.S. Coastlines. NOAA Technical Report NOS 01. (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, 2022), p. 111. <a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/hazards\/sealevelrise\/noaa-nostechrpt01-global-regional-SLR-scenarios-US.pdf\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/hazards\/sealevelrise\/noaa-nostechrpt01-global-regional-SLR-scenarios-US.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/hazards\/sealevelrise\/noaa-nostechrpt01-global-regional-SLR-scenarios-US.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Yates, M. L., Guza, R. T. &amp; O\u2019Reilly, W. C. Beach shoreline change: Observations and equilibrium modeling. J. Geophys. Res. 114, C09014 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009JGRC..114.9014Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Beach%20shoreline%20change%3A%20Observations%20and%20equilibrium%20modeling&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.&amp;volume=114&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Yates%2CML&amp;author=Guza%2CRT&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Reilly%2CWC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Matsumoto, H., Young, A. P. &amp; Guza, R. T. Observations of surface cobbles at two southern California beaches. Mar. Geol. 419, 106049 (2020a).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.margeo.2019.106049\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.margeo.2019.106049\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.margeo.2019.106049\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.margeo.2019.106049\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observations%20of%20surface%20cobbles%20at%20two%20southern%20California%20beaches&amp;journal=Mar.%20Geol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.margeo.2019.106049&amp;volume=419&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Matsumoto%2CH&amp;author=Young%2CAP&amp;author=Guza%2CRT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Matsumoto, H., Young, A. P. &amp; Guza, R. T. Cusps and mega cusps on a mixed sediment beach. Earth Space Sci. 7, e2020EA001366 (2020b).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2020EA001366\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2020EA001366\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2020EA001366\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2020EA001366\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020E%26SS....701366M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cusps%20and%20mega%20cusps%20on%20a%20mixed%20sediment%20beach&amp;journal=Earth%20Space%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2020EA001366&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Matsumoto%2CH&amp;author=Young%2CAP&amp;author=Guza%2CRT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Matsumoto, H. &amp; Young, A. P. Quantitative regional observations of gravel and bedrock influence on beach morphologies. Geomorphology 419, 108491 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2022.108491\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2022.108491\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2022.108491\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2022.108491\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Quantitative%20regional%20observations%20of%20gravel%20and%20bedrock%20influence%20on%20beach%20morphologies&amp;journal=Geomorphology&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2022.108491&amp;volume=419&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Matsumoto%2CH&amp;author=Young%2CAP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Siegelman, M. N. et al. Subaerial profiles at two beaches: Equilibrium and machine learning. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 129, e2023JF007524 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2023JF007524\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2023JF007524\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2023JF007524\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2023JF007524\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024JGRF..12907524S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Subaerial%20profiles%20at%20two%20beaches%3A%20Equilibrium%20and%20machine%20learning&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Earth%20Surf.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2023JF007524&amp;volume=129&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Siegelman%2CMN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Castelle, B. et al. Satellite-derived shoreline detection at a high-energy meso-macrotidal beach. Geomorphology 383, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geomorph.2021.107707\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2021.107707\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geomorph.2021.107707<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">O\u2019Reilly, W. C., Olfe, C. B., Thomas, J., Seymour, R. J. &amp; Guza, R. T. The California coastal wave monitoring and prediction system. Coast. Eng. 116, 118\u2013132 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2016.06.005\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2016.06.005\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2016.06.005\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2016.06.005\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20California%20coastal%20wave%20monitoring%20and%20prediction%20system&amp;journal=Coast.%20Eng.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.coastaleng.2016.06.005&amp;volume=116&amp;pages=118-132&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Reilly%2CWC&amp;author=Olfe%2CCB&amp;author=Thomas%2CJ&amp;author=Seymour%2CRJ&amp;author=Guza%2CRT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Cagigal, L. et al. A multivariate, stochastic, climate-based wave emulator for shoreline change modelling. Ocean Model. 154, 101695 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2020.101695\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2020.101695\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ocemod.2020.101695\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2020.101695\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20multivariate%2C%20stochastic%2C%20climate-based%20wave%20emulator%20for%20shoreline%20change%20modelling&amp;journal=Ocean%20Model.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ocemod.2020.101695&amp;volume=154&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Cagigal%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Camus, P. et al. A method for finding the optimal predictor indices for local wave climate conditions. Ocean Dyn. 64, 1025\u20131038 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10236-014-0737-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10236-014-0737-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10236-014-0737-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10236-014-0737-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2014OcDyn..64.1025C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20method%20for%20finding%20the%20optimal%20predictor%20indices%20for%20local%20wave%20climate%20conditions&amp;journal=Ocean%20Dyn.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10236-014-0737-2&amp;volume=64&amp;pages=1025-1038&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Camus%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">O\u2019Reilly, W. C. et al. Interannual Wave-Driven Shoreline Change on the California Coast [Source Code]. Code Ocean, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24433\/CO.3917025.v1\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.24433\/CO.3917025.v1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24433\/CO.3917025.v1<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Shak A. T., Domurat, G. W. &amp; Mitchell, T. E. Emergency response to coastal disasters: the January 17\u201318, 1988, Southern California storm experience. In Proceedings of Sixth Coastal and Ocean Management Symposium, 2502\u20132514 (American Society of Engineers, 1989).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Fischer, D. W. Local coastal storm response: the 1988 Redondo Beach Experience. Int. J. Mass Emerg. Disasters 8, 49\u201359 (1990).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1177\/028072709000800104\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1177\/028072709000800104\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F028072709000800104\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1177\/028072709000800104\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Local%20coastal%20storm%20response%3A%20the%201988%20Redondo%20Beach%20Experience&amp;journal=Int.%20J.%20Mass%20Emerg.%20Disasters&amp;doi=10.1177%2F028072709000800104&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=49-59&amp;publication_year=1990&amp;author=Fischer%2CDW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Storlazzi, C. D. &amp; Griggs, G. B. Influence of El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the coastline of&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":56708,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[7,9,8,13948,4381,4382,34994,645],"class_list":{"0":"post-56707","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-california","8":"tag-california","9":"tag-california-headlines","10":"tag-california-news","11":"tag-environmental-impact","12":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","13":"tag-multidisciplinary","14":"tag-physical-oceanography","15":"tag-science"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56707"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56707\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}