Florida State closed fiscal year 2025 with $437 million in athletics-related debt, according to its latest financial disclosures to the NCAA, a $200 million increase from the prior fiscal cycle and a higher total than any public FBS program reported in FY24. The figure likely placed the Seminoles atop the list of most heavily leveraged athletics departments in the country.
In a phone interview, Josh Turner, FSU’s deputy athletics director and chief finance officer, said the increase stems primarily from revenue bonds issued to fund renovations for Doak Campbell Stadium and the construction of a new football operations center, as well as debt service associated with earlier projects backed by FSU’s athletic booster organizations.
Overall, Florida State reported $617 million in institutional debt for FY25, with athletics accounting for 71% of that total. For comparison, the school’s athletics-related debt stood at $17 million at the end of FY20, increasing by 2,465% over the next five years.
Meanwhile, athletics spending at FSU also surged. Total expenditures rose 22.6% from FY24 to FY25, reaching $208.2 million, a period that coincided with the university suing the Atlantic Coast Conference in the hopes of joining a more lucrative league.
Roughly 16% of its expenditures were covered by campus subsidies—$33.9 million in direct institutional support and an additional $8.6 million via student fees. This kind of funding is atypical for FSU. In FY24, the school reported just $107,337 in direct institutional funds going to athletics. Outside of the COVID-affected FY22, when the department received $13.6 million from the university, the largest prior contribution from main campus was $1.66 million in 2018-19.
Turner told Sportico that the institutional funding was used to support Title IX initiatives, athlete-related expenses and legal fees tied to the ACC litigation. He added that enhanced accounting and new reporting practices also impacted the numbers.
In June, FSU became the first school to take advantage of a new state law enabling schools in Florida to shift funds from other campus sources to athletics to cover athlete revenue-share payments provided for in the House v. NCAA settlement.
Florida State’s overall increase in spending came at an inflection point for the school, the first known to have seriously engaged in talks about taking on institutional capital money to fund athletics. Those discussions ultimately fizzled by late 2023. Around that same time, FSU sued the ACC in Florida state court, accusing its league of having “grossly mishandled” the 20-year broadcast deal it struck with ESPN. FSU also claimed the ACC’s grant-of-rights agreement disproportionately disadvantaged its most valuable members, including the Seminoles, and that the ACC imposed unreasonably punitive exit penalties that, according to the school, would have cost FSU $572 million between fees and the forfeiture of future media rights.
The ACC, in turn, filed a breach-of-contract suit against FSU in North Carolina state court. Their standoff ended in March 2025, when the ACC reached settlements with Florida State and Clemson, which had also explored leaving the league. Under the resolution, the conference adopted a revised revenue-distribution model weighted toward schools with larger television audiences and reworked its exit-fee structure, reducing penalties by $18 million per year on an incremental basis before leveling off at $85 million beginning in the 2030-31 season.
For much of the last decade, another ACC school—Cal—has held the dubious distinction as college sports’ debt king, born from the financial abyss it plunged into when renovating its football stadium in 2012. By FY24, the Cal reported its outstanding athletics debt at $432 million.
To be sure, there is precedent for eliminating such financial burden on athletics through the mere stroke of a pen. In May 2024, Arizona State announced that it had cleared $300 million of debt from its athletics department’s ledger as part of a restructuring.