New York Gov. Kathy Hochul may slow implementation of the state’s ambitious climate law in the face of rising residential energy costs, setting up an intraparty fight with Democrats ahead of her November reelection bid.

Democratic lawmakers are now scrambling to respond to Hochul’s shifting position on climate policy. Specifically her concerns over costs associated with a cap-and-invest program contained in the 2019 climate law, which calls for the state to achieve zero-carbon emissions in electricity by 2040.

The debate was heightened over a Feb. 26 memo from the state’s energy research authority that cited an increase of up to …