{"id":137877,"date":"2026-03-14T00:53:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-14T00:53:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/137877\/"},"modified":"2026-03-14T00:53:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T00:53:08","slug":"pennsylvania-publishes-long-awaited-study-on-radioactivity-in-landfill-runoff","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/137877\/","title":{"rendered":"Pennsylvania Publishes Long-Awaited Study on Radioactivity in Landfill Runoff"},"content":{"rendered":"

A decade ago, Pennsylvania\u2019s Department of Environmental Protection published a study on radioactivity in the oil and gas industry, motivated by fears that increasing volumes of toxic fracking waste could pose risks to the environment and public health. That study<\/a> concluded, in part, that more research was needed\u2014especially regarding the impacts on landfills where this waste is disposed.<\/p>\n

On Friday, the agency released a follow-up study<\/a> that specifically examined landfill leachate, the liquid byproduct formed when rainwater passes through waste, picking up contaminants along the way.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThe takeaway here is that there is no risk to human health from radiation in landfill leachate,\u201d said Jessica Shirley, DEP\u2019s secretary, in a press release<\/a>. DEP\u2019s study analyzed samples from 49 landfills in Pennsylvania over two years, from 2021 to 2023. That includes 23 landfills that received significant amounts of oil and gas waste, according to state records.<\/p>\n

But environmental and policy experts warned that this study was too narrow to draw definitive conclusions about the potential for long-term harm from leachate contaminated by such waste.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is an interim report,\u201d said Daniel Bain, an associate professor of geology and environmental science at the University of Pittsburgh who has studied oil and gas waste. \u201cThis is not, \u2018We\u2019ve looked at the problem; it\u2019s not a problem.\u2019 It\u2019s, \u2018We\u2019ve looked at the problem. There doesn\u2019t appear to be a problem now.\u2019\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

The snapshot DEP captured in this study doesn\u2019t preclude different results in the future, Bain said, and provides little insight into cumulative environmental effects.<\/p>\n

The study acknowledges its determination that there is \u201cno current cause for concern\u201d is based on limited data. \u201cIt is important to recognize that more landfill leachate samples and radiochemistry analysis is warranted to generate additional data to confirm these initial findings,\u201d the study\u2019s authors wrote in their conclusions.<\/p>\n

David Allard, the former director of DEP\u2019s Bureau of Radiation Protection, who oversaw the 2016 study on oil and gas waste, said he was \u201cnot surprised\u201d by the results. \u201cIt\u2019s in line with what they were seeing early on,\u201d he said. \u201cI\u2019m comfortable with the findings\u201d that radioactivity from leachate doesn\u2019t currently pose a threat to human health.\u00a0<\/p>\n

However, DEP should implement consistent, long-term monitoring, Allard said. \u201cThe landfills will change over time. My opinion is there should be at least annual sampling.\u201d<\/p>\n

In 2021, then-Gov. Tom Wolf announced that landfills in Pennsylvania would be required to regularly test for radium. Gov. Josh Shapiro, who was then the attorney general, supported Wolf\u2019s decision at the time. DEP confirmed in December that the requirement had not been implemented, and it did not announce any such rule alongside the new report.<\/p>\n

DEP found that samples from only 11 of the landfills exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s limits for combined radium-226 and 228 in drinking water, and none of them exceeded the much higher annual average standard for radium set by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for untreated wastewater from facilities licensed to use radioactive material.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Neither of these numbers is ideal for assessing leachate. \u201cThere really are no standards for leachate,\u201d Allard said.\u00a0<\/p>\n

DEP also found \u201cno correlation\u201d between samples that exceeded the EPA standard and landfills that, according to state records, had accepted oil and gas waste. But a 2025 Inside Climate News analysis found that some of those records are full of inconsistencies. Discrepancies totaled almost 1.4 million tons between what Pennsylvania oil and gas operators said they\u2019d sent and what landfills said they\u2019d received, with some landfills reporting far more incoming oil and gas waste. One possible explanation is waste coming in from other states.<\/p>\n

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Oil and gas operators reported creating nearly 8.8 million tons<\/a> of solid waste between 2017 and 2024. About 6.3 million tons of it went to landfills across the state.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Environmental groups in Pennsylvania have worried about the consequences of generating and disposing of so much oil and gas waste since the fracking boom began two decades ago. Oil and gas waste is often radioactive, and it can also contain heavy metals and other toxic chemicals.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Former DEP Secretary David Hess, who now runs the publication PA Environment Digest<\/a>, pointed out several previous issues related to radioactive fracking waste, from it being sent to public wastewater treatment plants that couldn\u2019t properly handle it<\/a> to treatment equipment needing to be decontaminated for radiation.<\/p>\n

\u201cLike a lot of things with the shale gas industry, we are the guinea pigs and have to learn things the hard way,\u201d he said.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Several studies have shown that some radioactivity from oil and gas waste has already found its way into the environment\u2014for example, downstream<\/a> of discharge points from facilities that processed or accepted that waste.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThey are just acting like the end of the pipe is the end. They aren\u2019t thinking about what\u2019s going to happen as things accumulate in the streams,\u201d Bain said of the DEP study.\u00a0<\/p>\n

He cautioned that the nature of the pollutants in oil and gas waste\u2014and the total volume produced by the state every year\u2014means regulators will need to keep a close eye on radioactivity in the environment and at landfills for a long time to come.<\/p>\n

\u201cNow that we\u2019ve allowed it to happen, we\u2019re going to have to be watching forever,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\tAbout This Story<\/p>\n

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\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKiley Bense\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\tReporter, Pennsylvania<\/p>\n

Kiley Bense covers climate change and the environment with a focus on Pennsylvania, politics, energy, and public health. She has reported on the effects of the\u00a0fracking boom in\u00a0Pennsylvania, the expansion of the American plastics industry, and the intersection of climate change and culture. Her previous work has appeared in the New York Times, the Atlantic, Smithsonian Magazine, the Believer, and Sierra Magazine, and she holds master\u2019s degrees in journalism and creative writing from Columbia University. She is based in Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A decade ago, Pennsylvania\u2019s Department of Environmental Protection published a study on radioactivity in the oil and gas…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":137878,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[41152,63440,63441,63442,63443,63444,28,2220,30,29,29322,2877],"class_list":["post-137877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-pennsylvania","tag-environmental-justice","tag-fossil-fuel-industry","tag-landfills","tag-oil-and-gas-industry","tag-oil-and-gas-waste","tag-oil-and-gas-waste-management","tag-pennsylvania","tag-pennsylvania-department-of-environmental-protection","tag-pennsylvania-headlines","tag-pennsylvania-news","tag-waste","tag-waste-management"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137877","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137877"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137877\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/137878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137877"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=137877"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-pa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137877"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}