TYLER, Texas (KLTV) – Farmers across Texas are on alert for an invasive pest that’s threatening the state’s already dwindling hay supply.
The pasture mealybug has now been detected in 22 counties. Right now, it’s most prevalent in South Texas, but experts say they strongly suspect it’s already here in East Texas.
The pest is fond of Bermuda grass and bluestem stands. While adults don’t feed, immature mealybugs feed on plant sap, leaving behind a sugary substance on the leaves in the process. That substance promotes mold growth, which blocks photosynthesis. Unlike other pests, it kills the plants down to the roots as it feeds; that’s because its saliva is toxic to plants. Even low numbers of mealybugs can result in pasture dieback.
Although they’re mainly spread on the wind, movement on machinery, cattle or farmers’ clothing is a big concern. The bugs are cottony, white, waxy-looking insects. In fields, it can take weeks for crops to die, but there are other signs of an infestation. Plants will turn yellow first, then reddish-purple just before dying.
There is currently no reliable, tested management strategy to keep the pest out of Texas crops, but grazing or cutting infected pastures is recommended.
Reducing areas of thick-growing grass creates unfavorable conditions for the pests to spread, and it also enhances nutrient uptake for grass regrowth. Farmers also need to clean their hay-cutting equipment if they’ve been in an infested field.
Most importantly, if you think your field may be infected, you’re encouraged to make a report. You can do that by contacting the Texas Department of Agriculture at 1-800-835-5832. Be prepared to include where the infestation is, as well as pictures and a description of the damage.
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