TEXOMA (KFDX/KJTL) — Tuesday, Nov. 4, 2025, is Election Day for Texans, who will determine which proposed amendments to the Texas Constitution will become law.
There are 17 proposed amendments to the Texas Constitution on the ballot for all registered voters in Texas this November, ranging from tax breaks for homeowners and businesses to laws codifying key social and political issues.
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To ensure that voters in Texoma are informed before heading to the polls, our team at KFDX, KJTL, and Texoma’s Homepage has broken down each proposed amendment, explaining what it means and its potential impact if passed into law.
Broad property tax exemptionsProposition 9 — Property tax on inventory and equipment
“The constitutional amendment to authorize the legislature to exempt from ad valorem taxation a portion of the market value of tangible personal property a person owns that is held or used for the production of income.”
What Proposition 9 Means
Currently, businesses in Texas are not required to pay property tax on any inventory or equipment valued under $2,500. If passed, Proposition 9 would exempt up to a total of $125,000 worth of inventory or equipment owned by a business from property taxes.
Support and Opposition
Supporters of Proposition 9 argue that the measure will save Texas business owners over $200 million annually in property taxes, which would contribute to economic growth. However, those who oppose Proposition 9 claim that the measure could be applied by a business with multiple locations, potentially creating a loophole that will put a financial strain on the state government.
Proposition 11 — School tax exemption for elderly, disabled homeowners
“The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to increase the amount of the exemption from ad valorem taxation by a school district of the market value of the residence homestead of a person who is elderly or disabled.”
What Proposition 11 Means
The Homestead Exemption, or the amount of the appraised value of a home that cannot be taxed by the Texas government to pay for public schools, is currently set at $10,000 for elderly and disabled homeowners in Texas on top of the existing Homestead Exemption of $100,000 available to all Texans.
If passed, Proposition 11 would raise the Homestead Exemption for elderly and disabled homeowners to $60,000. When paired with Proposition 13, another measure on the ballot in November, homeowners who are disabled or over 65 years old in Texas would have a combined Homestead Exemption of $200,000, nearly doubling the current exemption.
Support and Opposition
Proposition 11 hasn’t seen much pushback from lawmakers on either side of the political aisle, however, some who oppose it allege that broad tax exemptions, like Proposition 11, aren’t sustainable in the long-term.
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Proposition 13 — School tax exemption for Texas homeowners
“The constitutional amendment to increase the amount of the exemption of residence homesteads from ad valorem taxation by a school district from $100,000 to $140,000.”
What Proposition 13 Means
The Homestead Exemption, or the amount of the appraised value of a home that cannot be taxed by the Texas government to pay for public schools, is currently set at $100,000 for all homeowners in Texas. If passed, Proposition 13 would increase that exemption to $140,000.
According to the Texas Tribune, for the average homeowner in Texas, with a house valued at the state average of $302,000, the passing of Proposition 13 would amount to a savings of $490 a year in property taxes.
Support and Opposition
Property tax cuts are typically popular among lawmakers, however, some critics of Proposition 13 argue that Texas should be doing more to limit local tax rates in order to prevent tax costs from rising for Texans.
Specific property tax exemptionsProposition 5 — Property tax exemption on animal feed
“The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to exempt from ad valorem taxation tangible personal property consisting of animal feed held by the owner of the property for sale at retail.”
What Proposition 5 Means
If passed, Proposition 5 would allow property tax exemptions of animal feed that is being held as inventory by individuals and businesses for retail sale.
Support and Opposition
Supporters of Proposition 5 claim that since animal feed is tax exempt at every other stage of its life cycle, the measure would bring consistency. Opponents of Proposition 5 argue that the measure will give animal feed sellers an unfair market advantage.
Proposition 7 — Tax exemption for veterans’ spouses
“The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to provide for an exemption from ad valorem taxation of all or part of the market value of the residence homestead of the surviving spouse of a veteran who died as a result of a condition or disease that is presumed under federal law to have been service-connected.”
What Proposition 7 Means
If passed, Proposition 7 would give tax breaks to unmarried surviving spouses of veterans of the United States military who died in connection with their service as determined by federal law.
The measure would align Texas with current federal policies regarding veterans who died as a result of their service.
Support and Opposition
Currently, no campaigns are opposed to Proposition 7.
Proposition 10 — Property tax on homes destroyed by fire
“The constitutional amendment to authorize the legislature to provide for a temporary exemption from ad valorem taxation of the appraised value of an improvement to a residence homestead that is completely destroyed by a fire.”
What Proposition 10 Means
If passed, Proposition 10 would allow a temporary property tax exemption for homes that have been completely destroyed by a fire.
According to the Texas Tribune, homeowners would be able to apply for an adjusted tax bill on the restored home for the tax year that the fire occurred, and must show that the home was uninhabitable for at least 30 days after the fire.
Support and Opposition
Currently, no campaigns are opposed to Proposition 10.
Proposition 17 — Border security infrastructure
“The constitutional amendment to authorize the legislature to provide for an exemption from ad valorem taxation of the amount of the market value of real property located in a county that borders the United Mexican States that arises from the installation or construction on the property of border security infrastructure and related improvements.”
What Proposition 17 Means
If passed, Proposition 17 would prevent the Texas government from increasing the appraisal value of a home or property located in a county along the U.S.-Mexico border due to border security infrastructure that was installed on private land.
Support and Opposition
Supporters of Proposition 17 argue that the measure prevents landowners on the U.S.-Mexico border from carrying the taxation burden created by border security infrastructure. However, those against Proposition 17 argue that it would incentivize more border security infrastructure to be built on private property.
Statewide taxation bans
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Proposition 2 — Tax ban on capital gains
“The constitutional amendment prohibiting the imposition of a tax on the realized or unrealized capital gains of an individual, family, estate, or trust.”
What Proposition 2 Means
If passed, Proposition 2 would forbid the Texas government from taxing people or businesses on profits or potential profits from certain capital assets, including investments, real estate, and certain personal property.
Support and Opposition
Those in favor of Proposition 2 claim that the measure would double down on the measure passed in 2019, prohibiting the Texas government from imposing a state income tax. However, those who oppose the measure argue that it would create a permanent barrier for future legislation.
Proposition 6 — Tax ban on securities
“The constitutional amendment prohibiting the legislature from enacting a law imposing an occupation tax on certain entities that enter into transactions conveying securities or imposing a tax on certain securities transactions.”
What Proposition 6 Means
If passed, Proposition 6 would prohibit the Texas government from imposing a tax on securities transactions, like stock trading, as well as taxing financial institutions or individuals who operate in the securities market, like brokers or dealers.
Support and Opposition
Supporters of Proposition 6 claim that the measure affirms limited government, free enterprise, and private property rights, while those against it argue that it would create future roadblocks for lawmakers.
Proposition 8 — Tax ban on inheritance
“The constitutional amendment to prohibit the legislature from imposing death taxes applicable to a decedent’s property or the transfer of an estate, inheritance, legacy, succession, or gift.”
What Proposition 8 Means
If passed, Proposition 8 would prohibit the Texas government from taxing an estate, or the transfer of an estate or inheritance. Currently, Texas does not impose a tax on inheritance, so the measure would ensure that the government could not create a tax on inheritance in the future.
Proposition 8 will not eliminate any existing taxes already associated with an inheritance, such as unpaid property taxes.
Support and Opposition
Those in favor of Proposition 8 argue that the measure would allow Texans to transfer wealth without tax penalties, while those against Proposition 8 argue that the measure is unnecessary.
Current political and social issuesProposition 3 — Denial of bail for certain offenses
“The constitutional amendment requiring the denial of bail under certain circumstances to persons accused of certain offenses punishable as a felony.”
What Proposition 3 Means
If passed, Proposition 3 would require judges in Texas to deny bail in certain cases for individuals accused of committing certain felony offenses, including:
Proposition 3 would require prosecutors to demonstrate that setting bail for a defendant would not prevent the defendant from becoming a flight risk or a risk to public safety. Defendants accused of a crime are presumed innocent until proven guilty and are entitled to representation during bail hearings.
Support and Opposition
Supporters of Proposition 3 argue that the measure is needed to reduce crimes committed by defendants who are free on bond, while those against Proposition 3 claim the measure would add to the existing problem of overpopulated jails, without truly improving public safety.
Proposition 12 — State Judicial Conduct Commission
“The constitutional amendment regarding the membership of the State Commission on Judicial Conduct, the membership of the tribunal to review the commission’s recommendations, and the authority of the commission, the tribunal, and the Texas Supreme Court to more effectively sanction judges and justices for judicial misconduct.”
What Proposition 12 Means
If passed, Proposition 12 would change the makeup of the State Commission on Judicial Conduct, the independent state agency responsible for investigating allegations of judicial misconduct.
Currently, the Commission consists of six judges, two attorneys who aren’t judges, and five citizens who aren’t attorneys or judges appointed by Gov. Abbott. Proposition 12 would remove and replace the two attorney positions with two additional citizen positions.
Support and Opposition
Supporters of Proposition 12 argue that adding more citizens to the Commission promotes transparency and accountability, while opponents of the measure argue that it could potentially politicize judicial discipline.
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Proposition 15 — Rights of Texas parents
“The constitutional amendment affirming that parents are the primary decision makers for their children.”
What Proposition 15 Means
If passed, Proposition 15 would amend the Texas Constitution to affirm that parents are the primary decision makers for their children.
Proposition 15 would include that “it is a parent’s responsibility to nurture and protect the parent’s child,” as well as that “it is a parent’s right to exercise care, custody, and control of the parent’s child,” and “to make decisions regarding the upbringing of the parent’s child.”
Support and Opposition
Supporters of Proposition 15 argue that the measure would protect parental rights from changing case law, while critics of the measure questioned how it would ensure that a child’s voice is heard.
Proposition 16 — Citizenship requirement for voters
“The constitutional amendment clarifying that a voter must be a United States citizen.”
What Proposition 16 Means
If passed, Proposition 16 would add language to the Texas Constitution, explicitly stating that individuals who aren’t citizens of the United States cannot vote in Texas. American citizenship is currently required to register to vote in Texas.
Support and Opposition
Those in favor of Proposition 16 argue that it would prevent local governments from allowing residents who aren’t American citizens to vote, while those against the measure call it “redundant and unnecessary.”
State funding for infrastructure and researchProposition 1 — Funding for Texas State Technical College
“The constitutional amendment providing for the creation of the permanent technical institution infrastructure fund and the available workforce education fund to support the capital needs of educational programs offered by the Texas State Technical College System.”
What Proposition 1 Means
If passed, Proposition 1 would create an endowment for the Texas State Technical College System. In recent years, underfunding and the inability for the college to levy a property tax has caused a halt in improvements to the system.
The measure comes after many employers in Texas have noticed a decline in skilled workers. Gov. Greg Abbott made workforce training a priority during the 89th Legislative Session.
According to the Texas Tribune, TSTC officials said the funds would be used to upgrade infrastructure across its campuses, upgrade classroom equipment, and expand the system in Texas.
TSTC was established in 1969 and now has 11 campuses across Texas. Currently, the institution offers 48 associate degrees or certificates in 9 key industries, including engineering, manufacturing, information technology, and aviation.
Support and Opposition
Those in favor of Proposition 1 argue that it would help Texas close the skill gap that currently exists in Texas workers, while those against the measure allege that it would limit oversight from the government and transparency.
Proposition 4 — State water fund
“The constitutional amendment to dedicate a portion of the revenue derived from state sales and use taxes to the Texas water fund and to provide for the allocation and use of that revenue.”
What Proposition 4 Means
If passed, Proposition 4 would add a portion of sales tax revenue to the Texas Water Fund for use in developing new water sources, fixing aging pipes and infrastructure, flood mitigation efforts, and conservation efforts.
Proposition 4 would dedicate around $1 billion annually to the fund, beginning in 2027 and continuing for 20 years.
Support and Opposition
Proposition 4 has wide-spread support, with those in favor of the measure arguing that it will help bridge the existing funding gap for water infrastructure in Texas. However, those against the measure claim it doesn’t leave any room for solutions from the private sector.
Proposition 14 — Funding for dementia research
“The constitutional amendment providing for the establishment of the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, establishing the Dementia Prevention and Research Fund to provide money for research on and prevention and treatment of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and related disorders in this state, and transferring to that fund $3 billion from state general revenue.”
What Proposition 14 Means
If passed, Proposition 14 would provide $3 billion in surplus revenue to establish the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, dedicated to studying, treating, and preventing degenerative cognitive conditions, such as dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease.
In addition to the initial $3 billion investment, the measure would provide up to $300 million a year to the institute aimed at attracting the top researchers, physicians, and experts to Texas.
Support and Opposition
Proposition 14 has received bipartisan support from lawmakers, including the unanimous support of voting Texas Democrats and 79.8% support from voting Texas Republicans. However, some who oppose the measure claim it would create a “bloated bureaucracy.”
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