The data centers are \u201cgoing to undo a lot of the very expensive and very meaningful work a lot of people are doing,\u201d New Mexico state climatologist Dave DuBois told El Paso Matters.<\/p>\n
The sites are among a wave of data centers under construction across the country, driven by the rapidly escalating demand for artificial intelligence services like Claude and ChatGPT. Such projects have drawn intense scrutiny<\/a> in recent months<\/a>, as residents and elected officials have questioned their impact on communities\u2019 water supplies, household electric bills and air quality. Texas alone has 596 data centers that are either in operation or planned across Texas as of early September, according to research by The Texas Tribune<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n But the projects located in this population center of 1.2 million, which encompasses El Paso and parts of southern New Mexico, are particularly notable because of their combined scope. When fully built out, the three data centers, each with its own power plant, will emit millions of tons of greenhouse gas emissions, equivalent to the planet-warming emissions released by more than two million cars in a year.<\/p>\n They will also release air pollutants like particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, which directly affect local air quality and human health. The Meta and Project Jupiter data centers are expected to release these kinds of pollutants at relatively low levels, according to paperwork submitted to state regulators. But even a small increase in air pollution can still negatively impact communities close to and downwind of the data center sites, said Shaolei Ren, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at University of California, Riverside.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201cThe health impacts can be significant for local communities,\u201d Ren said.<\/p>\n Because Project Jupiter, Meta and the Fort Bliss data centers are in two different states, and because there is no single federal regulation governing climate change or emissions, regulators have largely considered the projects\u2019 impacts separately.<\/p>\n \u201cWe\u2019ve never had a national climate law passed by Congress,\u201d said Ari Peskoe, director of the Electricity Law Initiative at Harvard Law School. \u201cAnd so what we\u2019ve had in this country are primarily state and local efforts.\u201d<\/p>\n The result is that officials in one state have little say over a project happening minutes away from them.\u00a0<\/p>\n Texas and New Mexico also take different approaches to dealing with climate change. New Mexico has codified greenhouse gas reduction targets into state law; Texas has not.<\/p>\n New Mexico state Rep. Sarah Silva, a Democrat, represents the community of Chaparral, directly across the state line from Meta\u2019s data center site in northeast El Paso. Her state has the power to regulate air quality and impose noise requirements, but only in New Mexico, not at a Texas construction site, even if it\u2019s only a few hundred yards away.\u00a0<\/p>\n Likewise, residents living in west El Paso across the state line from Project Jupiter have no say in the project despite sharing an aquifer that crosses the state boundary. Emissions do not remain within the state where they originate, Silva said.<\/p>\n \u201cThis is why we need federal regulation,\u201d said Silva. \u201cHow do we knit something together that makes sense for our region when actually this is the job of the federal government?\u201d<\/p>\n Though they profess a desire to mitigate the impacts of climate change, local governments in El Paso and Do\u00f1a Ana counties green-lit these projects in a part of the country seeing rapidly rising temperatures. The counties offered Meta and Project Jupiter tax incentives in exchange for corporate investment in their communities, job creation and, hopefully, the ability to attract more technology companies to the region.\u00a0<\/p>\n State officials have also provided incentives. More than a decade ago, Texas legislators approved a data center sales tax break<\/a>, which exempts the facilities from paying sales tax on equipment they purchase, a decision that could now cost the state $3.2 billion in revenue over the next two years, according to The Texas Tribune.\u00a0<\/p>\n New Mexico lawmakers declined to advance a bill creating a similar tax break for data centers in 2021. But in 2025, they passed an unrelated law allowing large facilities such as Project Jupiter to generate their own electricity using natural gas. The law exempts these private power systems, known as microgrids, from renewable energy requirements, even as New Mexico requires electric utilities to source 50% of the power they sell from clean energy by 2030.\u00a0<\/p>\n The power plants that keep data centers running typically produce large amounts of emissions like carbon dioxide and methane that drive global climate change over time. Combined, the plants proposed for Project Jupiter and Meta\u2019s data center could emit up to 10 million tons of planet-warming emissions annually. Comparatively, the region spanning El Paso County and neighboring Hudspeth County released 8.4 million tons of greenhouse gases in 2019<\/a>. (The Army has shared scant information about the Fort Bliss data center, so it\u2019s not clear what level of emissions the facility will produce.)\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201cThis does add to our greenhouse gas emissions in a massive way,\u201d said Gunnar Schade, an associate professor of atmospheric sciences at Texas A&M University. \u201cThis is a huge source.\u201d<\/p>\n An Unprecedented Amount of Energy<\/p>\n Silva, the New Mexico representative, was initially supportive of Project Jupiter<\/a>, in part seeing it as an opportunity to create long-term jobs. Last year, she voted in favor<\/a> of a bill that included an amendment<\/a> \u2014 tacked on by state Sen. Michael Padilla, a Democrat from Albuquerque \u2014 that allows facilities like Project Jupiter, which aren\u2019t connected to the local power grid, a 20-year exemption from clean energy laws, allowing them to generate all their electricity with fossil fuels.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201cWe worked this bill pretty much the entire session, but it did not quite get done. So, we found a piece of legislation that was very similar,\u201d Padilla said in an interview last year. \u201cThat\u2019s the legislative process. You have to be very creative to get your work done.\u201d<\/p>\n But Silva soon soured on the project out of concern that it won\u2019t employ enough local workers and because it won\u2019t rely on zero-emission renewable energy. Oracle has said the data center will have 750 full-time employees when it\u2019s up and running. The company told Do\u00f1a Ana County officials in early September that nearly 3,700 people had worked at the site during construction up to that point.\u00a0<\/p>\n Silva and other state lawmakers have said they voted for Padilla\u2019s bill without realizing the broader implications for a data center project in the southern part of the state.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201cState regulators, state legislators, I think, were so caught off guard at the speed at which these hyperscale data centers showed up in all of our communities almost simultaneously,\u201d Silva said. \u201cI would support a moratorium.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n The amount of energy Project Jupiter needs is unprecedented in the region: The data center will receive electricity from an on-site power plant made up of fuel cells built by a company called Bloom Energy. Bloom has said the plant will have the ability to produce up to 2.45 gigawatts of electricity \u2014 enough to power around 1.5 million homes and more than El Paso Electric has ever supplied to its 465,000 residential and commercial customers at one time, according to the utility\u2019s corporate reports.<\/p>\n New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham, a Democrat, has specifically lauded Oracle\u2019s promise to use fuel cells for electricity instead of natural gas turbines, which would have used more water and produced more air pollution. However, an air permit \u2014 a state-granted license that authorizes industrial facilities to emit a predetermined amount of pollution \u2014 would allow the fuel cells to produce up to 8.8 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions per year. Lujan Grisham didn\u2019t address questions from El Paso Matters about the impact of these additional climate emissions.<\/p>\n The Meta power plant in El Paso could release up to 1.3 million tons of climate emissions every year, according to an estimate calculated by El Paso Matters based on El Paso Electric regulatory filings and the Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s emissions factors. Nancy Seidman, a senior adviser with the Regulatory Assistance Project, a nonprofit that advocates for clean energy, also backed up that assessment.<\/p>\n \u201cRegulators should weigh all emissions and other impacts like water usage, noise and local air pollution, which can affect public health, when they make decisions about data center projects,\u201d Seidman wrote in an email to El Paso Matters. \u201cThis is particularly important when projects are phased over time, so that an accurate account can be made of the total, holistic impacts.\u201d<\/p>\n The data center planned for Fort Bliss is expected to use 3 gigawatts of electricity that would likely be supplied by natural gas turbines, according to officials with the Department of Defense, who shared details with reporters during a briefing in April. The Army has issued few other details about the project because it is still in \u201cexclusive negotiations\u201d with the developer, Carlyle Group, a large publicly traded private equity firm.<\/p>\n Carlyle Group did not respond to a request for comment.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201cThese are cities in terms of their electricity consumption,\u201d Peskoe, of Harvard Law School, said of AI hyperscale data center campuses such as Oracle\u2019s and Meta\u2019s. The facilities are cropping up so fast that \u201cthe pace of this and the scale of this \u2014 I think there\u2019s no real parallel, at least for 50, 60, 70 years, but probably ever for the U.S. power industry.\u201d<\/p>\n Facilities in New Mexico seeking a state air permit are required by law to disclose estimated amounts of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions the project will release. And the state Environment Department has spent months evaluating Project Jupiter\u2019s air permit application, which was submitted in April. A spokesperson for the environmental department didn\u2019t respond to emailed questions.<\/p>\n By contrast, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality only requires project developers to disclose information about pollutants that affect local air quality, and not about greenhouse gas emissions, which are what contribute to climate change.\u00a0<\/p>\n So when El Paso Electric sought an air permit last fall for the Meta data center\u2019s natural gas power plant, the utility didn\u2019t have to share estimated greenhouse gas emissions. The Texas commission approved the permit 20 days after it was filed, following an expedited review.\u00a0<\/p>\n Meta directed questions about its data center\u2019s power plant to El Paso Electric. The electric company declined to share estimates of the plant\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions but said in a statement that the Texas environmental commission had reviewed and authorized the Meta power plant \u201cunder a standard permit, which is specifically for projects with limited and well-controlled emissions.\u201d The statement said the facility will \u201coperate in compliance with state and federal standards.\u201d<\/p>\n A spokesperson for the agency said, \u201cAll Standard Permits have gone through formal notice and comment procedures and have been adopted by the Commission in a public meeting.\u201d<\/p>\n These plants will be releasing large amounts of greenhouse gases even as climate change has become increasingly evident in the El Paso metro area, which sits where Texas\u2019 westernmost boundary meets New Mexico and northern Mexico. El Paso\u2019s temperatures have risen faster than those of almost any other city in the U.S. since 1970, according to Climate Central, a nonprofit that quantifies climate shifts throughout the United States. Drought driven by climate change has amplified the impact<\/a> of wind storms that fill the air<\/a> in El Paso with hazardous dust in the spring and summertime.<\/p>\n This year has been the hottest on record in El Paso through the first nine months of 2026, according to the National Weather Service. Similar records have been set across the state line in New Mexico.<\/p>\n \u201cIf we started to do these kinds of things \u2014 having big data centers with natural-gas-fired turbines \u2014 it\u2019s kind of like bringing back a lot of the retired plants that were more dirty, like coal,\u201d said DuBois, the New Mexico state climatologist.\u00a0<\/p>\n Fernando Berjano, El Paso\u2019s climate coordinator, wouldn\u2019t comment specifically on effects resulting from the data centers in the region, but he said the kinds of power plants tied to them produce greenhouse gases that will make it harder for the city to meet its climate goals, as well as produce air pollutants.<\/p>\n If emissions increase in the El Paso area, \u201cthat has an impact on air quality, that has an impact on pollution,\u201d Berjano said, \u201cwhich is something that we all know is not good.\u201d<\/p>\n The Road Ahead for Data Centers<\/p>\n Although construction is already underway on the Project Jupiter and Meta data centers, regulatory hurdles remain for both facilities. The public hearing on the Project Jupiter air permit was scheduled to begin Sept. 14, but the New Mexico Supreme Court delayed it when opponents filed lawsuits challenging the state\u2019s approval process and the facility\u2019s use of groundwater.\u00a0<\/p>\n The state Supreme Court last month lifted the stay. New Mexico more recently appointed an examiner to preside over the hearing that would authorize the facility\u2019s emissions. Other legal challenges are making their way through the court system.\u00a0<\/p>\n In Texas, El Paso Electric is still waiting for the state\u2019s Public Utility Commission to approve construction of the power plant planned next to Meta\u2019s data center, a decision that could come later this year.<\/p>\n Officials with both Project Jupiter and Meta have said they are taking steps to help mitigate the climate effects of their projects and plan to develop clean energy projects elsewhere to create new electricity sources and offset the greenhouse gases their data center power plants will release. Oracle also maintains that its emissions will be lower than what it sought in its air permit application and that it plans to get to net zero greenhouse emissions by 2031.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201cOracle is committed to building Project Jupiter responsibly and incorporating community feedback into our planning,\u201d the company said in a statement.\u00a0<\/p>\n The road ahead for data centers is unclear. Even once-supportive officials have softened or changed course: Last year, Lujan Grisham, New Mexico\u2019s governor, said Project Jupiter \u201creaffirms New Mexico\u2019s leadership in global trade, advanced manufacturing, and digital infrastructure.\u201d In Texas, Gov. Greg Abbott at one point called his state \u201cthe epicenter of AI development.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n Now, amid growing opposition to Project Jupiter, Lujan Grisham recently said<\/a> she takes seriously residents\u2019 concerns about the data center \u201cand expects any data center operating in New Mexico to meet the state\u2019s rigorous environmental standards and use water responsibly.\u201d This summer, Abbott called on the Texas Public Utility Commission<\/a> to ensure the projects pay for their own infrastructure and don\u2019t lead to higher electricity costs for residents. He also recommended the state Legislature pass<\/a> a number of regulations related to data centers next year, many concerning water and electricity usage, and recently told the Texas Water Development Board<\/a> to penalize data centers that do not report their water usage.\u00a0<\/p>\n Abbott\u2019s new edicts do not address air pollution or climate change, nor the effects that a data center project in one state can have on another.\u00a0<\/p>\n Texas Democratic state Rep. Joe Moody, whose district includes much of west and northeast El Paso, near two of the data center projects, said Abbott\u2019s proposals will likely shape the Texas Legislature\u2019s debate over data-center-related policies next year but called them just a starting point.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201cIn the governor\u2019s directives, we\u2019re not talking about local control and local autonomy to make decisions on these projects,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd I do think that that\u2019s a whole other lane of conversation that we\u2019re going to get into next session.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Reporting Highlights More Emissions: Three new data centers near the Texas-New Mexico border, including two in El Paso,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":465673,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[27,29,28],"class_list":["post-465672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-texas","tag-texas","tag-texas-headlines","tag-texas-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=465672"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/465672\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/465673"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=465672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=465672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=465672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/pratje_propublica_datacenters_001_maxHeight_3000_maxWidth_3000.jpg\")
A truck sprays water for dust suppression at the construction site of Project Jupiter in Santa Teresa, New Mexico.<\/p>\n![\"An](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/pratje_propublica_datacenters_026_maxHeight_3000_maxWidth_3000.jpg\")
<\/p>\n![\"An](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/pratje_propublica_datacenters_024_maxHeight_3000_maxWidth_3000.jpg\")
\nHomes in Chaparral, New Mexico, sit adjacent to Meta\u2019s data center, just over the state border in El Paso, Texas.<\/p>\n![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/20260918-Ratje-metadatacenter_sarahsilva__004_maxHeight_3000_maxWidth_3000.jpg\")
New Mexico state Rep. Sarah Silva was initially supportive of Project Jupiter but has soured on the project over time.<\/p>\n![\"An](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/pratje_propublica_datacenters_039_maxHeight_3000_maxWidth_3000.jpg\")
Construction at the Project Jupiter data center in Santa Teresa, New Mexico<\/p>\n![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us-tx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/pratje_propublica_datacenters_053_maxHeight_3000_maxWidth_3000.jpg\")
Protesters rally against the construction of data centers in their region.<\/p>\n