For the very first time, doctors have transplanted a genetically modified pig lung into a human patient. These kinds of procedures are different from conventional forms of surgeries because these are called xenotransplants and are performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University in China and Surgeon Dr. Jianxing He perform it.
A 39 year old men with a ruptured brain aneurysm was the recipient. He was selected for this unique experiment in medicine with the willing sign of his family for the purposes of helping modern medicine and rethinking the procedures of organ donation. The pig was Bama miniature pig and was grown in special settings and targeted for changed gene editing of 6 CRISPR strands to minimize rejection.
The philosophy was game changing. If for the first time scientists demonstrate that a pig organ can survive in a human body, it may refashion the medical world. The journal obtained from this research, Nature Medicine speaks of how for a nine days, the organ worked. Even with further dissections and discussions, the answer to “where do organs come from” is still too complicated to answer.
Why pig organs are in the spotlight
Xenotransplantation focuses on the possibility of implanting organs which have been genetically altered and taken from animals. In this case, pig organs will do just fine. Besides size, the organs are speculated to function similarly to a human’s organs. For example, a Bama miniature pig is kept in aseptic conditions and is altered via CRISPR to reduce immune complications.
The primary hope is to avoid the phenomenon known as hyperacute rejection and avoid the primary graft dysfunction which is the first in the chain of lung complications which result in death in lung transplant patients. The problem is, the lungs do have some unique features. They are in the direct vicinity of the organs which, as it happens, function through exposure to air.
Their exposure to air makes them much more sensitive, prone to swelling, and easier to get infected. Lungs are especially difficult to deal with because of the immune system which tracks organs closely and is known to overpunish.
What happened during the trial
The actual surgery was a sensitive thing to do. The attached pig’s left lung to the patient’s airways, veins, and arteries. Everything was proceeding well. Hyperacute rejection still poses a serious threat, and there were none of that in the first couple of crucial hours.
But after a day, the transplanted lung faced edema possibly due to the return of blood flow. On the third and the sixth day, antibody-caused damages associated with primary graft dysfunction appeared. It’s a condition even human lung transplant recipients battle with. In spite of the issues, the lung functioned for nine days.
At the end of the trial, the team believed that while there still a considerable amount of work, it demonstrated a for proof of concept: a pig lung, could be transplanted into a human body with no immediate failure. That alone changes the game.
What does this mean for the future?
The results, published in Nature Medicine, emphasizes the promise and the problems associated with xenotransplantation. The researchers emphasized the need for more efficient genetic alterations, improving organ preservation methods, and better postsurgical immune management.
A more optimistic perspective might be this: consider the possibility of a future in which patients no longer have to wait years to receive a lung, kidney, or liver. Given the current state of CRISPR and organ engineering, animal organs could serve as a vital resource in the future, first as temporary solutions, and ultimately, as sustainable long-term replacements.
As pointed out by Jianxing He and his fellow colleagues, each try takes science closer to addressing the global shortage of organs. This transplant of the first pig lung didn’t end with survival, but it proved the possibility of the procedure exists.