In a groundbreaking study published in Zootaxa, a team of researchers from Vietnam and beyond revealed their discovery of a previously unrecognized species of pricklenape lizard. This new species was found in the dense, humid forests of Dak Lak, a province known for its rich biodiversity. While the region’s biodiversity has been a focus for researchers in recent years, Acanthosaura grismeri is an example of how much still remains to be uncovered in Southeast Asia’s tropical landscapes.
The significance of this discovery goes beyond just adding a new species to the list. It highlights the rich and often overlooked variety of life in the Central Highlands, a region that has yet to be fully explored. Researchers used a combination of fieldwork, genetic analysis, and anatomical studies to confirm that the newly identified lizard is distinct from others in its genus.
A Hidden Species in the Shadows
The discovery of Acanthosaura grismeri occurred during nighttime surveys of Dak Lak’s forests, where the team noticed a species that appeared familiar but subtly different. At first, the lizards were thought to belong to an already known species. However, further examination revealed distinctive features, including a single row of spiny, dagger-like scales along their back, which set them apart. According to the research team, this spine pattern is one of the key distinguishing traits of the species.
Linh Tu Hoang Le, the lead researcher from the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, emphasized that these spines are not just an aesthetic feature but an essential part of the species’ identity. The detailed anatomical differences, combined with genetic data, confirmed that this lizard represents a separate evolutionary branch within the Acanthosaura genus.
Distribution and summary data for sequence samples produced in the study ©PLoS One. 2022 Mar 4;17(3):e0264930. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264930
Physical Features and Unique Traits
Acanthosaura grismeri is a moderately sized lizard, with males measuring between 3 to 3.6 inches and females growing larger, reaching up to 4.5 inches. Males are vividly green, adorned with dark brown bands across their backs, while females exhibit a more muted color pattern, featuring brown, green, and yellow hues. These distinct colorations help the lizard blend into its forest environment, with males showcasing a bright, clean pattern and females having a softer, more scattered mix of colors. The row of pointed spines along the back is one of the species’ most striking physical features, further distinguishing it from its relatives.
A male Acanthosaura grismeri ©Le, Nguyen, Nguyen, Ziegler, Do and Ngo (2025), shared by Thomas Ziegler
The Role of Genetic Analysis in Confirming the Discovery
The confirmation of Acanthosaura grismeri as a new species was made possible through DNA analysis, which revealed significant genetic differences between this lizard and its closest relatives. The researchers used the standard mitochondrial DNA barcoding method, sequencing the COI gene to uncover these genetic divergences.Â
According to the study, the genetic differences between Acanthosaura grismeri and its nearest relatives ranged from 7.82% to 25.36%. This level of divergence was sufficient to confirm the species as distinct, further supported by anatomical differences like the shape of the head markings and the structure of the vertebral crest.
This detailed genetic examination is part of a broader trend in taxonomy, where researchers are increasingly turning to DNA analysis to clarify the boundaries between species. The findings provide critical information for conservation efforts, as naming new species plays a vital role in ensuring their protection. By securing a distinct name and genetic profile, Acanthosaura grismeri is now officially recognized in the scientific community, which can influence conservation policies and actions aimed at preserving its habitat.