The minister said Singapore would face more strategic dilemmas in an increasingly turbulent world, and that its interests would not always align with great powers, neighbours or other key partners.

“On some issues, we will have to say ‘no’, to say ‘no’ courteously, respectfully and constructively,” he said, adding that this was not about choosing sides, but about protecting Singapore’s national interests over the long term.

He pointed to several examples of Singapore taking principled stands: calling out violations of international law, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the US’ actions in Venezuela.

“We spoke out about the need to preserve a rules-based trading system, including the principle of Most Favoured Nation in the WTO. We expressed categorically our disappointment with US tariffs that violate this principle, because trade is our lifeblood,” he said.

On the Israel-Gaza conflict, he said Singapore had condemned the Oct 7, 2023 attack on Israel while also stating that Israel’s military response had breached international humanitarian law.

On navigating relations with the US and China, Dr Balakrishnan said Singapore wants to work with both where interests coincide. 

“The reality is that all countries, including Singapore, will have to find creative ways to work with both the US and China, because they are the major powers, and they are relevant to our future.”Â