Rising Unemployment Risks: Suddenly, Then Gradually
In The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway wrote, “How did you go bankrupt? Two ways. Gradually, then suddenly.”…
Payroll Revisions: An Upcoming September Surprise?
Following the September FOMC meeting, the Fed highlighted recent signs of slowing labor market momentum, saying that “downside…
Do Federal Layoffs Have Ripple Effects on Local Economies?
Recent federal workforce reductions raise questions about potential broader labor market implications. Federal employees — which total about…
Answers Don’t Come Easy | Richmond Fed
As we noted a couple weeks ago, July’s nonfarm payroll report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics featured…
How to Gauge Maximum Employment
Congress has given the Federal Reserve a dual mandate: pursue stable prices and achieve maximum employment. In pursuit…
Recent Employment Changes in the D.C. Area
Regional Matters
July 17, 2025
Introduction An important role of…