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They found HPgV in the post-mortem brains of five out of 10 people with Parkinson\u2019s and none of the 14 control brains. Credit: Neuroscience News<\/p>\nSummary: New research suggests a previously harmless virus may be linked to Parkinson\u2019s disease. Scientists detected Human Pegivirus (HPgV) in the brains and spinal fluid of Parkinson\u2019s patients but not in controls, challenging assumptions that the virus is benign.<\/p>\n
The findings showed that patients with the virus had distinct immune responses and advanced brain changes, which were further influenced by genetic mutations like LRRK2. This discovery highlights a potential environmental factor in Parkinson\u2019s development and opens new avenues for research into viral and genetic interactions.<\/p>\n
Key Facts<\/p>\n
HPgV Discovery: Found in 50% of Parkinson\u2019s brains, none in controls.Immune Interaction: Virus presence altered immune system signals, influenced by genetics.Potential Trigger: Suggests viruses may interact with genes to contribute to Parkinson\u2019s.<\/p>\n
Source: Northwestern University<\/p>\n
New research from Northwestern Medicine finds that a usually harmless virus might be an environmental trigger or contributor to Parkinson\u2019s disease, which affects more than one million people in the United States. <\/p>\n
While some cases are linked to genetics, most Parkinson\u2019s cases are not, and the cause is unknown.<\/p>\n
They found HPgV in the post-mortem brains of five out of 10 people with Parkinson\u2019s and none of the 14 control brains. Credit: Neuroscience News<\/p>\n
The new findings were published in the latest issue of\u00a0JCI Insight.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe wanted to investigate potential environmental factors \u2013 such as viruses \u2013 that might contribute to Parkinson\u2019s disease,\u201d said\u00a0Igor Koralnik, MD, chief of neuroinfectious diseases and global neurology at\u00a0Northwestern Medicine.<\/p>\n
\u201cUsing a tool called \u2018ViroFind\u2019, we analyzed post-mortem brain samples from individuals with Parkinson\u2019s and from those who died of other causes. We searched for all known human-infecting viruses to identify any differences between the two groups.\u201d<\/p>\n
Northwestern Medicine researchers detected the Human Pegivirus (HPgV) in the brains of individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease, but not in those without it. While HPgV belongs to the same family as hepatitis C and is a blood-borne virus, it is not known to cause any disease.<\/p>\n
\u201cHPgV is a common, symptomless infection previously not known to frequently infect the brain,\u201d Dr. Koralnik said.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe were surprised to find it in the brains of Parkinson\u2019s patients at such high frequency and not in the controls. Even more unexpected was how the immune system responded differently, depending on a person\u2019s genetics.<\/p>\n
\u201cThis suggests it could be an environmental factor that interacts with the body in ways we didn\u2019t realize before.<\/p>\n
\u201cFor a virus that was thought to be harmless, these findings suggest it may have important effects, in the context of Parkinson\u2019s disease. It may influence how Parkinson\u2019s develops, especially in people with certain genetic backgrounds.\u201d<\/p>\n
Dr. Koralnik and his team including post-doctoral fellow Barbara Hanson, PhD, studied post-mortem brains from 10 people with Parkinson\u2019s and 14 without. They found HPgV in the post-mortem brains of five out of 10 people with Parkinson\u2019s and none of the 14 control brains.<\/p>\n
It was also present in the spinal fluid of Parkinson\u2019s patients, but not in the control group. Individuals with HPgV in their brains exhibited more advanced or distinct neuropathological changes, including increased tau pathology and altered levels of certain brain proteins.<\/p>\n
For the blood analysis, researchers used samples from over 1,000 participants in the\u00a0Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative, which was launched by The Michael J. Fox Foundation and scientists to create a robust biosample library to help speed scientific breakthroughs and new treatments.<\/p>\n
\u201cWith the blood samples, we observed similar immune-related changes, mirroring those found in the brain,\u201d Dr. Koralnik said.<\/p>\n
\u201cPeople who had the virus showed different signals from the immune system than those who didn\u2019t, and this pattern was the same, no matter the genetics. But as we followed each person over time, we saw a more complicated picture.\u201d<\/p>\n
The study found that in patients with a certain Parkinson\u2019s-related gene mutation \u2013 LRRK2 \u2013 the signals from the immune system were different in response to the virus compared to Parkinson\u2019s patients without the mutation.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe plan to look more closely at how genes like LRRK2 affect the body\u2019s response to other viral infections to figure out if this is a special effect of HPgV or a broader response to viruses,\u201d added Dr. Koralnik.<\/p>\n
Going forward, the research team plans to study more people to find out how common the HPgV virus is in Parkinson\u2019s patients and whether it plays a role in the disease.<\/p>\n
\u201cOne big question we still need to answer is how often the virus gets into the brains of people with or without Parkinson\u2019s,\u201d said Dr. Koralnik.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe also aim to understand how viruses and genes interact; insights that could reveal how Parkinson\u2019s begins and could help guide future therapies.\u201d<\/p>\n
According to the\u00a0Parkinson\u2019s Foundation, over one million people in the United States are living with Parkinson\u2019s disease and 90,000 new cases are diagnosed every year. The number of people living with Parkinson\u2019s disease is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030.<\/p>\n
About this Parkinson\u2019s disease research news<\/p>\n
Author: Mark Rudi<\/a>
Source: Northwestern University<\/a>
Contact: Mark Rudi \u2013 Northwestern University
Image: The image is credited to Neuroscience News<\/p>\n