{"id":654370,"date":"2026-05-20T12:22:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T12:22:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/654370\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T12:22:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T12:22:17","slug":"improving-the-stability-of-monolithic-perovskite-silicon-tandems-against-reverse-bias-stress-using-graded-dielectric-layers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/654370\/","title":{"rendered":"Improving the stability of monolithic perovskite\/silicon tandems against reverse-bias stress using graded dielectric layers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Liu, J. et al. Perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells with bilayer interface passivation. Nature 635, 596\u2013603 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-024-07997-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-024-07997-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07997-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-024-07997-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells%20with%20bilayer%20interface%20passivation&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07997-7&amp;volume=635&amp;pages=596-603&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Liu%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Aydin, E. et al. Enhanced optoelectronic coupling for perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells. Nature 623, 732\u2013738 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-023-06667-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-023-06667-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-023-06667-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-023-06667-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Enhanced%20optoelectronic%20coupling%20for%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-023-06667-4&amp;volume=623&amp;pages=732-738&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Aydin%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Chin, X. Y. et al. Interface passivation for 31.25%-efficient perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells. Science 381, 59\u201363 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.adg0091\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.adg0091\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.adg0091\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.adg0091\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Interface%20passivation%20for%2031.25%25-efficient%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.adg0091&amp;volume=381&amp;pages=59-63&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Chin%2CXY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Zheng, J. et al. Polycrystalline silicon tunnelling recombination layers for high-efficiency perovskite\/tunnel oxide passivating contact tandem solar cells. Nat. Energy 8, 1250\u20131261 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41560-023-01382-w\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41560-023-01382-w\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41560-023-01382-w\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41560-023-01382-w\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Polycrystalline%20silicon%20tunnelling%20recombination%20layers%20for%20high-efficiency%20perovskite%2Ftunnel%20oxide%20passivating%20contact%20tandem%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Nat.%20Energy&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41560-023-01382-w&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=1250-1261&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Zheng%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Jia, L. et al. Efficient perovskite\/silicon tandem with asymmetric self-assembly molecule. Nature. 644, 912\u2013919 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-09333-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-09333-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-025-09333-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-09333-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Efficient%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20with%20asymmetric%20self-assembly%20molecule&amp;journal=Nature.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-025-09333-z&amp;volume=644&amp;pages=912-919&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Jia%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Green, M. A. et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 66). Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 33, 795\u2013810 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/pip.3919\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/pip.3919\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fpip.3919\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/pip.3919\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Solar%20cell%20efficiency%20tables%20%28version%2066%29&amp;journal=Prog.%20Photovolt.%3A%20Res.%20Appl.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fpip.3919&amp;volume=33&amp;pages=795-810&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Green%2CMA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Al-Ashouri, A. et al. Monolithic perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cell with &gt;29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction. Science 370, 1300\u20131309 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.abd4016\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.abd4016\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.abd4016\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.abd4016\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Monolithic%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20solar%20cell%20with%20%3E29%25%20efficiency%20by%20enhanced%20hole%20extraction&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.abd4016&amp;volume=370&amp;pages=1300-1309&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Al-Ashouri%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Aydin, E. et al. Interplay between temperature and bandgap energies on the outdoor performance of perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells. Nat. Energy 5, 851\u2013859 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41560-020-00687-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41560-020-00687-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41560-020-00687-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41560-020-00687-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Interplay%20between%20temperature%20and%20bandgap%20energies%20on%20the%20outdoor%20performance%20of%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Nat.%20Energy&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41560-020-00687-4&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=851-859&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Aydin%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Wang, H. et al. Impurity-healing interface engineering for efficient perovskite submodules. Nature 634, 1091\u20131095 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-024-08073-w\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-024-08073-w\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-024-08073-w\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-024-08073-w\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Impurity-healing%20interface%20engineering%20for%20efficient%20perovskite%20submodules&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-024-08073-w&amp;volume=634&amp;pages=1091-1095&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Wang%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Hou, Y. et al. Efficient tandem solar cells with solution-processed perovskite on textured crystalline silicon. Science 367, 1135\u20131140 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.aaz3691\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.aaz3691\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.aaz3691\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.aaz3691\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Efficient%20tandem%20solar%20cells%20with%20solution-processed%20perovskite%20on%20textured%20crystalline%20silicon&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.aaz3691&amp;volume=367&amp;pages=1135-1140&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Hou%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Kim, D. et al. Efficient, stable silicon tandem cells enabled by anion-engineered wide-bandgap perovskites. Science 368, 155\u2013160 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.aba3433\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.aba3433\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.aba3433\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.aba3433\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Efficient%2C%20stable%20silicon%20tandem%20cells%20enabled%20by%20anion-engineered%20wide-bandgap%20perovskites&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.aba3433&amp;volume=368&amp;pages=155-160&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Kim%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Gao, D. et al. Long-term stability in perovskite solar cells through atomic layer deposition of tin oxide. Science 386, 187\u2013192 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.adq8385\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.adq8385\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.adq8385\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.adq8385\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Long-term%20stability%20in%20perovskite%20solar%20cells%20through%20atomic%20layer%20deposition%20of%20tin%20oxide&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.adq8385&amp;volume=386&amp;pages=187-192&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Gao%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Wu, W. et al. Stable and uniform self-assembled organic diradical molecules for perovskite photovoltaics. Science 389, 195\u2013199 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.adv4551\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.adv4551\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.adv4551\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.adv4551\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stable%20and%20uniform%20self-assembled%20organic%20diradical%20molecules%20for%20perovskite%20photovoltaics&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.adv4551&amp;volume=389&amp;pages=195-199&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Wu%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Eperon, G. E. et al. Perovskite-perovskite tandem photovoltaics with optimized band gaps. Science 354, 861\u2013865 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.aaf9717\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.aaf9717\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.aaf9717\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.aaf9717\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Perovskite-perovskite%20tandem%20photovoltaics%20with%20optimized%20band%20gaps&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.aaf9717&amp;volume=354&amp;pages=861-865&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Eperon%2CGE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Mariotti, S. et al. Interface engineering for high-performance, triple-halide perovskite\u2013silicon tandem solar cells. Science 381, 63\u201369 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.adf5872\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.adf5872\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.adf5872\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.adf5872\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Interface%20engineering%20for%20high-performance%2C%20triple-halide%20perovskite%E2%80%93silicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.adf5872&amp;volume=381&amp;pages=63-69&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Mariotti%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Jiang, Q. et al. Compositional texture engineering for highly stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Science 378, 1295\u20131300 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.adf0194\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.adf0194\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.adf0194\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.adf0194\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Compositional%20texture%20engineering%20for%20highly%20stable%20wide-bandgap%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.adf0194&amp;volume=378&amp;pages=1295-1300&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Jiang%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Geisz, J. F. et al. Six-junction III\u2013V solar cells with 47.1% conversion efficiency under 143\u2009Suns concentration. Nat. Energy 5, 326\u2013335 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41560-020-0598-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41560-020-0598-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41560-020-0598-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41560-020-0598-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Six-junction%20III%E2%80%93V%20solar%20cells%20with%2047.1%25%20conversion%20efficiency%20under%20143%E2%80%89Suns%20concentration&amp;journal=Nat.%20Energy&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41560-020-0598-5&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=326-335&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Geisz%2CJF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Bush, K. A. et al. 23.6%-efficient monolithic perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells with improved stability. Nat. Energy 2, 17009 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nenergy.2017.9\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nenergy.2017.9\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnenergy.2017.9\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nenergy.2017.9\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=23.6%25-efficient%20monolithic%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells%20with%20improved%20stability&amp;journal=Nat.%20Energy&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnenergy.2017.9&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Bush%2CKA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Zhang, C. et al. Exploring the potential and hurdles of perovskite solar cells with p-i-n structure. ACS Nano 18, 32299\u201332314 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acsnano.4c11866\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acsnano.4c11866\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facsnano.4c11866\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acsnano.4c11866\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Exploring%20the%20potential%20and%20hurdles%20of%20perovskite%20solar%20cells%20with%20p-i-n%20structure&amp;journal=ACS%20Nano&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facsnano.4c11866&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=32299-32314&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Zhang%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Wang, L. et al. Strain modulation for light-stable n-i-p perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells. Adv. Mater. 34, e2201315 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/adma.202201315\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/adma.202201315\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fadma.202201315\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/adma.202201315\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Strain%20modulation%20for%20light-stable%20n-i-p%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fadma.202201315&amp;volume=34&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Wang%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Li, Z. et al. Stabilized hole-selective layer for high-performance inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells. Science 382, 284\u2013289 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.ade9637\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.ade9637\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.ade9637\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.ade9637\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stabilized%20hole-selective%20layer%20for%20high-performance%20inverted%20p-i-n%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.ade9637&amp;volume=382&amp;pages=284-289&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Li%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Wang, L. et al. Highly efficient monolithic perovskite\/TOPCon silicon tandem solar cells enabled by \u201chalide locking\u201d. Adv. Mater. 37, 2416150 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/adma.202416150\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/adma.202416150\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fadma.202416150\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/adma.202416150\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Highly%20efficient%20monolithic%20perovskite%2FTOPCon%20silicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells%20enabled%20by%20%E2%80%9Chalide%20locking%E2%80%9D&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fadma.202416150&amp;volume=37&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Wang%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Gao D. et al. High-efficiency perovskite solar cells enabled by suppressing intermolecular aggregation in hole-selective contacts. Nat. Photon. 19, 1070\u20131077 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Yu, Z. et al. Local performance analysis of perovskite solar cells: implications and perspectives. ACS Energy Lett. 9, 5810\u20135821 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c01379\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c01379\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facsenergylett.4c01379\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c01379\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Local%20performance%20analysis%20of%20perovskite%20solar%20cells%3A%20implications%20and%20perspectives&amp;journal=ACS%20Energy%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facsenergylett.4c01379&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=5810-5821&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Yu%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Li, X. et al. Advancing energy sustainability through solar-to-fuel technologies: from materials to devices and systems. Small Methods 8, 2400683 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/smtd.202400683\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/smtd.202400683\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fsmtd.202400683\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/smtd.202400683\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Advancing%20energy%20sustainability%20through%20solar-to-fuel%20technologies%3A%20from%20materials%20to%20devices%20and%20systems&amp;journal=Small%20Methods&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fsmtd.202400683&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Li%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Vanin, F. et al. Modulating perovskite surface energetics through tuneable ferrocene interlayers for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 64, e202424041 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/anie.202424041\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/anie.202424041\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fanie.202424041\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/anie.202424041\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Modulating%20perovskite%20surface%20energetics%20through%20tuneable%20ferrocene%20interlayers%20for%20high-performance%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Angew.%20Chem.%20Int.%20Ed.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fanie.202424041&amp;volume=64&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Vanin%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Wang, Y. et al. All-polymer bulk-heterojunction enables stable monolithic perovskite\/organic tandem solar cells with high efficiency. Small Methods 21, 2411031 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/smll.202411031\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/smll.202411031\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fsmll.202411031\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/smll.202411031\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=All-polymer%20bulk-heterojunction%20enables%20stable%20monolithic%20perovskite%2Forganic%20tandem%20solar%20cells%20with%20high%20efficiency&amp;journal=Small%20Methods&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fsmll.202411031&amp;volume=21&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Wang%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Wang Y. et al. Boosting the efficiency and mechanical stability of organic solar cells through a polymer acceptor by reducing the elastic modulus. Adv. Energy Mater. 16, 2404499. (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Duan, L. et al. Stability challenges for the commercialization of perovskite\u2013silicon tandem solar cells. Nat. Rev. Mater. 8, 261\u2013281 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41578-022-00521-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41578-022-00521-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41578-022-00521-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41578-022-00521-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stability%20challenges%20for%20the%20commercialization%20of%20perovskite%E2%80%93silicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41578-022-00521-1&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=261-281&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Duan%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Wolf, E. J. et al. Designing modules to prevent reverse bias degradation in perovskite solar cells when partial shading occurs. Sol. RRL 6, 2100239 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/solr.202100239\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/solr.202100239\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fsolr.202100239\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/solr.202100239\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Designing%20modules%20to%20prevent%20reverse%20bias%20degradation%20in%20perovskite%20solar%20cells%20when%20partial%20shading%20occurs&amp;journal=Sol.%20RRL&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fsolr.202100239&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Wolf%2CEJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Johnson S. et al. How non-ohmic contact-layer diodes in perovskite pinholes affect abrupt low-voltage reverse-bias breakdown and destruction of solar cells. Joule 9, 102102 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Wang, C. et al. Perovskite solar cells in the shadow: understanding the mechanism of reverse-bias behavior toward suppressed reverse-bias breakdown and reverse-bias induced degradation. Adv. Energy Mater. 13, 2203596 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/aenm.202203596\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/aenm.202203596\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Faenm.202203596\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/aenm.202203596\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Perovskite%20solar%20cells%20in%20the%20shadow%3A%20understanding%20the%20mechanism%20of%20reverse-bias%20behavior%20toward%20suppressed%20reverse-bias%20breakdown%20and%20reverse-bias%20induced%20degradation&amp;journal=Adv.%20Energy%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Faenm.202203596&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Wang%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Rajagopal, A., Williams, S. T., Chueh, C. C. &amp; Jen, A. K. Abnormal current\u2013voltage hysteresis induced by reverse bias in organic\u2013inorganic hybrid perovskite photovoltaics. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7, 995\u20131003 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6b00058\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6b00058\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facs.jpclett.6b00058\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6b00058\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Abnormal%20current%E2%80%93voltage%20hysteresis%20induced%20by%20reverse%20bias%20in%20organic%E2%80%93inorganic%20hybrid%20perovskite%20photovoltaics&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20Chem.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facs.jpclett.6b00058&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=995-1003&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Rajagopal%2CA&amp;author=Williams%2CST&amp;author=Chueh%2CCC&amp;author=Jen%2CAK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Kerner, R. A., Xu, Z., Larson, B. W. &amp; Rand, B. P. The role of halide oxidation in perovskite halide phase separation. Joule 5, 2273\u20132295 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.07.011\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.07.011\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.joule.2021.07.011\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.07.011\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20role%20of%20halide%20oxidation%20in%20perovskite%20halide%20phase%20separation&amp;journal=Joule&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.joule.2021.07.011&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=2273-2295&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Kerner%2CRA&amp;author=Xu%2CZ&amp;author=Larson%2CBW&amp;author=Rand%2CBP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Ni, Z. et al. Evolution of defects during the degradation of metal halide perovskite solar cells under reverse bias and illumination. Nat. Energy 7, 65\u201373 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41560-021-00949-9\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41560-021-00949-9\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41560-021-00949-9\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41560-021-00949-9\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evolution%20of%20defects%20during%20the%20degradation%20of%20metal%20halide%20perovskite%20solar%20cells%20under%20reverse%20bias%20and%20illumination&amp;journal=Nat.%20Energy&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41560-021-00949-9&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=65-73&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Ni%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Qian, J. et al. Impact of perovskite\/silicon tandem module design on hot-spot temperature. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 1, 3025\u20133029 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acsaem.8b00480\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acsaem.8b00480\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facsaem.8b00480\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acsaem.8b00480\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Impact%20of%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20module%20design%20on%20hot-spot%20temperature&amp;journal=ACS%20Appl.%20Energy%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facsaem.8b00480&amp;volume=1&amp;pages=3025-3029&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Qian%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Li, N. et al. Barrier reinforcement for enhanced perovskite solar cell stability under reverse bias. Nat. Energy 9, 1264\u20131274 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41560-024-01579-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41560-024-01579-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41560-024-01579-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41560-024-01579-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Barrier%20reinforcement%20for%20enhanced%20perovskite%20solar%20cell%20stability%20under%20reverse%20bias&amp;journal=Nat.%20Energy&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41560-024-01579-7&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=1264-1274&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Li%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Ren, X. et al. Mobile iodides capture for highly photolysis- and reverse-bias-stable perovskite solar cells. Nat. Mater. 23, 810\u2013817 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41563-024-01876-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41563-024-01876-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41563-024-01876-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41563-024-01876-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mobile%20iodides%20capture%20for%20highly%20photolysis-%20and%20reverse-bias-stable%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Nat.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41563-024-01876-2&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=810-817&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Ren%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Jiang, F. et al. Improved reverse bias stability in p\u2013i\u2013n perovskite solar cells with optimized hole transport materials and less reactive electrodes. Nat. Energy 9, 1275\u20131284 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41560-024-01600-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41560-024-01600-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41560-024-01600-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41560-024-01600-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Improved%20reverse%20bias%20stability%20in%20p%E2%80%93i%E2%80%93n%20perovskite%20solar%20cells%20with%20optimized%20hole%20transport%20materials%20and%20less%20reactive%20electrodes&amp;journal=Nat.%20Energy&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41560-024-01600-z&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=1275-1284&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Jiang%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">De Bastiani, M. et al. Toward stable monolithic perovskite\/silicon tandem photovoltaics: a six-month outdoor performance study in a hot and humid climate. ACS Energy Lett. 6, 2944\u20132951 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c01018\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c01018\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facsenergylett.1c01018\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c01018\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Toward%20stable%20monolithic%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20photovoltaics%3A%20a%20six-month%20outdoor%20performance%20study%20in%20a%20hot%20and%20humid%20climate&amp;journal=ACS%20Energy%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facsenergylett.1c01018&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=2944-2951&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Bastiani%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Bertoluzzi, L. et al. Mobile ion concentration measurement and open-access band diagram simulation platform for halide perovskite solar cells. Joule 4, 109\u2013127 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.10.003\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.10.003\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.joule.2019.10.003\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.10.003\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mobile%20ion%20concentration%20measurement%20and%20open-access%20band%20diagram%20simulation%20platform%20for%20halide%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Joule&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.joule.2019.10.003&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=109-127&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Bertoluzzi%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Weber, S. A. L. et al. How the formation of interfacial charge causes hysteresis in perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 11, 2404\u20132413 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1039\/C8EE01447G\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1039\/C8EE01447G\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039%2FC8EE01447G\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1039\/C8EE01447G\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=How%20the%20formation%20of%20interfacial%20charge%20causes%20hysteresis%20in%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Energy%20Environ.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1039%2FC8EE01447G&amp;volume=11&amp;pages=2404-2413&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Weber%2CSAL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Lan, D. &amp; Green, M. A. Combatting temperature and reverse-bias challenges facing perovskite solar cells. Joule 6, 1782\u20131797 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2022.06.014\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2022.06.014\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.joule.2022.06.014\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2022.06.014\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Combatting%20temperature%20and%20reverse-bias%20challenges%20facing%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Joule&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.joule.2022.06.014&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=1782-1797&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Lan%2CD&amp;author=Green%2CMA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Bogachuk, D. &amp; Feldmann, F. Do perovskites need silicon to be stable under reverse bias? Joule 7, 2423\u20132426 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.10.017\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.10.017\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.joule.2023.10.017\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.10.017\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Do%20perovskites%20need%20silicon%20to%20be%20stable%20under%20reverse%20bias%3F&amp;journal=Joule&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.joule.2023.10.017&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=2423-2426&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Bogachuk%2CD&amp;author=Feldmann%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Wang L. et al. Ultra-uniform perovskite film with minimized interconnection energy loss for efficient perovskite\/TOPCon tandem solar cells. Joule, 9, 102174 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Li, B. et al. Closed-loop manufacturing for sustainable perovskite photovoltaics. Nat. Rev. Mater. 11, 10\u201325 (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41578-025-00872-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41578-025-00872-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41578-025-00872-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41578-025-00872-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Closed-loop%20manufacturing%20for%20sustainable%20perovskite%20photovoltaics&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41578-025-00872-5&amp;volume=11&amp;pages=10-25&amp;publication_year=2026&amp;author=Li%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Xu, Z. et al. Reverse-bias resilience of monolithic perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells. Joule 7, 1992\u20132002 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.07.017\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.07.017\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.joule.2023.07.017\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.07.017\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Reverse-bias%20resilience%20of%20monolithic%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Joule&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.joule.2023.07.017&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=1992-2002&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Xu%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Li, R. et al. Reverse-bias challenges facing perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells under field conditions. Newton 1, 100001 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.newton.2024.100001\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.newton.2024.100001\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.newton.2024.100001\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.newton.2024.100001\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Reverse-bias%20challenges%20facing%20perovskite-silicon%20tandem%20solar%20cells%20under%20field%20conditions&amp;journal=Newton&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.newton.2024.100001&amp;volume=1&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Li%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Di Girolamo, D. et al. Silicon\/perovskite tandem solar cells with reverse bias stability down to \u221240 V. Unveiling the role of electrical and optical design. Adv. Sci. 11, 2401175 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/advs.202401175\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/advs.202401175\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fadvs.202401175\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/advs.202401175\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Silicon%2Fperovskite%20tandem%20solar%20cells%20with%20reverse%20bias%20stability%20down%20to%20%E2%88%9240%20V.%20Unveiling%20the%20role%20of%20electrical%20and%20optical%20design&amp;journal=Adv.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fadvs.202401175&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Girolamo%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Su, R. et al. Dielectric screening in perovskite photovoltaics. Nat. Commun. 12, 2479 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-22783-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-22783-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-021-22783-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-22783-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dielectric%20screening%20in%20perovskite%20photovoltaics&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-021-22783-z&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Su%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Bowring, A. R., Bertoluzzi, L., O\u2019Regan, B. C. &amp; McGehee, M. D. Reverse bias behavior of halide perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 8, 1702365 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/aenm.201702365\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/aenm.201702365\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Faenm.201702365\" aria-label=\"Article reference 51\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/aenm.201702365\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Reverse%20bias%20behavior%20of%20halide%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Adv.%20Energy%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Faenm.201702365&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Bowring%2CAR&amp;author=Bertoluzzi%2CL&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Regan%2CBC&amp;author=McGehee%2CMD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Kim, G. Y. et al. Large tunable photoeffect on ion conduction in halide perovskites and implications for photodecomposition. Nat. Mater. 17, 445\u2013449 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41563-018-0038-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41563-018-0038-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41563-018-0038-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 52\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41563-018-0038-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Large%20tunable%20photoeffect%20on%20ion%20conduction%20in%20halide%20perovskites%20and%20implications%20for%20photodecomposition&amp;journal=Nat.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41563-018-0038-0&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=445-449&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Kim%2CGY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Yang, T.-Y., Gregori, G., Pellet, N., Gr\u00e4tzel, M. &amp; Maier, J. The significance of ion conduction in a hybrid organic\u2013inorganic lead-iodide-based perovskite photosensitizer. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 7905\u20137910 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/anie.201500014\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/anie.201500014\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fanie.201500014\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/anie.201500014\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20significance%20of%20ion%20conduction%20in%20a%20hybrid%20organic%E2%80%93inorganic%20lead-iodide-based%20perovskite%20photosensitizer&amp;journal=Angew.%20Chem.%20Int.%20Ed.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fanie.201500014&amp;volume=54&amp;pages=7905-7910&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Yang%2CT-Y&amp;author=Gregori%2CG&amp;author=Pellet%2CN&amp;author=Gr%C3%A4tzel%2CM&amp;author=Maier%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Thiesbrummel, J. et al. Ion-induced field screening as a dominant factor in perovskite solar cell operational stability. Nat. Energy 9, 664\u2013676 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41560-024-01487-w\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41560-024-01487-w\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41560-024-01487-w\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41560-024-01487-w\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ion-induced%20field%20screening%20as%20a%20dominant%20factor%20in%20perovskite%20solar%20cell%20operational%20stability&amp;journal=Nat.%20Energy&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41560-024-01487-w&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=664-676&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Thiesbrummel%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Warby, J. et al. Mismatch of quasi\u2013Fermi level splitting and Voc in perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 13, 2303135 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/aenm.202303135\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/aenm.202303135\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Faenm.202303135\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/aenm.202303135\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mismatch%20of%20quasi%E2%80%93Fermi%20level%20splitting%20and%20Voc%20in%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Adv.%20Energy%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Faenm.202303135&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Warby%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Aydin, E. et al. Pathways toward commercial perovskite\/silicon tandem photovoltaics. Science 383, eadh3849 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.adh3849\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.adh3849\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.adh3849\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.adh3849\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Pathways%20toward%20commercial%20perovskite%2Fsilicon%20tandem%20photovoltaics&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.adh3849&amp;volume=383&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Aydin%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Awni, R. A. et al. Influence of charge transport layers on capacitance measured in halide perovskite solar cells. Joule 4, 644\u2013657 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.01.012\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.01.012\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.joule.2020.01.012\" aria-label=\"Article reference 57\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.01.012\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Influence%20of%20charge%20transport%20layers%20on%20capacitance%20measured%20in%20halide%20perovskite%20solar%20cells&amp;journal=Joule&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.joule.2020.01.012&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=644-657&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Awni%2CRA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Liu, J. et al. Perovskite\/silicon tandem solar cells with bilayer interface passivation. Nature 635, 596\u2013603 (2024). Article\u00a0 Google&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":654371,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[198674,1872,31557,115033,243774,257,199,193270,79,141441],"class_list":{"0":"post-654370","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-physics","8":"tag-economics-and-management","9":"tag-energy","10":"tag-energy-policy","11":"tag-energy-storage","12":"tag-energy-systems","13":"tag-general","14":"tag-physics","15":"tag-renewable-and-green-energy","16":"tag-science","17":"tag-solar-cells"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/654370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=654370"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/654370\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/654371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=654370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=654370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=654370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}