{"id":684412,"date":"2026-06-04T18:50:21","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T18:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/684412\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T18:50:21","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T18:50:21","slug":"earths-east-west-albedo-symmetry-nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/684412\/","title":{"rendered":"Earth\u2019s east\u2013west albedo symmetry | Nature"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Stephens, G. L. et al. The albedo of Earth. Rev. Geophys. 53, 141\u2013163 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/2014RG000449\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/2014RG000449\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2F2014RG000449\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/2014RG000449\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015RvGeo..53..141S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20albedo%20of%20Earth&amp;journal=Rev.%20Geophys.&amp;doi=10.1002%2F2014RG000449&amp;volume=53&amp;pages=141-163&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Stephens%2CGL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Vonder Haar, T. H. &amp; Suomi, V. E. Measurements of the earth\u2019s radiation budget from satellites during a five-year period. Part I: extended time and space means. J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 305\u2013314 (1971).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/1520-0469(1971)028&lt;0305:MOTERB&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/1520-0469(1971)028&lt;0305:MOTERB&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F1520-0469%281971%29028%3C0305%3AMOTERB%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/1520-0469(1971)028&lt;0305:MOTERB&gt;2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1971JAtS...28..305V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Measurements%20of%20the%20earth%E2%80%99s%20radiation%20budget%20from%20satellites%20during%20a%20five-year%20period.%20Part%20I%3A%20extended%20time%20and%20space%20means&amp;journal=J.%20Atmos.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F1520-0469%281971%29028%3C0305%3AMOTERB%3E2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=28&amp;pages=305-314&amp;publication_year=1971&amp;author=Vonder%20Haar%2CTH&amp;author=Suomi%2CVE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Ramanathan, V. The role of earth radiation budget studies in climate and general circulation research. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 92, 4075\u20134095 (1987).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/JD092iD04p04075\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/JD092iD04p04075\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2FJD092iD04p04075\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/JD092iD04p04075\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1987JGR....92.4075R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20role%20of%20earth%20radiation%20budget%20studies%20in%20climate%20and%20general%20circulation%20research&amp;journal=J.%20Geophys.%20Res.%20Atmos.&amp;doi=10.1029%2FJD092iD04p04075&amp;volume=92&amp;pages=4075-4095&amp;publication_year=1987&amp;author=Ramanathan%2CV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Stevens, B. &amp; Schwartz, S. E. Observing and modeling Earth\u2019s energy flows. Surv. Geophys. 33, 779\u2013816 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10712-012-9184-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10712-012-9184-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10712-012-9184-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10712-012-9184-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2012SGeo...33..779S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observing%20and%20modeling%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20energy%20flows&amp;journal=Surv.%20Geophys.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10712-012-9184-0&amp;volume=33&amp;pages=779-816&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Stevens%2CB&amp;author=Schwartz%2CSE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Bender, F. A.-M., Engstr\u00f6m, A., Wood, R. &amp; Charlson, R. J. Evaluation of hemispheric asymmetries in marine cloud radiative properties. J. Clim. 30, 4131\u20134147 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0263.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0263.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-16-0263.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0263.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017JCli...30.4131B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evaluation%20of%20hemispheric%20asymmetries%20in%20marine%20cloud%20radiative%20properties&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI-D-16-0263.1&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=4131-4147&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Bender%2CFA-M&amp;author=Engstr%C3%B6m%2CA&amp;author=Wood%2CR&amp;author=Charlson%2CRJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Diamond, M. S., Gristey, J. J. &amp; Feingold, G. Testing cloud adjustment hypotheses for the maintenance of Earth\u2019s hemispheric albedo symmetry with natural experiments. Geophys. Res. Lett. 51, e2024GL111733 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2024GL111733\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2024GL111733\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2024GL111733\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2024GL111733\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024GeoRL..5111733D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Testing%20cloud%20adjustment%20hypotheses%20for%20the%20maintenance%20of%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20hemispheric%20albedo%20symmetry%20with%20natural%20experiments&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2024GL111733&amp;volume=51&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Diamond%2CMS&amp;author=Gristey%2CJJ&amp;author=Feingold%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Voigt, A., Stevens, B., Bader, J. &amp; Mauritsen, T. The observed hemispheric symmetry in reflected shortwave irradiance. J. Clim. 26, 468\u2013477 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00132.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00132.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-12-00132.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00132.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013JCli...26..468V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20observed%20hemispheric%20symmetry%20in%20reflected%20shortwave%20irradiance&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI-D-12-00132.1&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=468-477&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Voigt%2CA&amp;author=Stevens%2CB&amp;author=Bader%2CJ&amp;author=Mauritsen%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Datseris, G. &amp; Stevens, B. Earth\u2019s albedo and its symmetry. AGU Adv. 2, e2021AV000440 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2021AV000440\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2021AV000440\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2021AV000440\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2021AV000440\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021AGUA....200440D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Earth%E2%80%99s%20albedo%20and%20its%20symmetry&amp;journal=AGU%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2021AV000440&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Datseris%2CG&amp;author=Stevens%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">J\u00f6nsson, A. &amp; Bender, F. A.-M. Persistence and variability of Earth\u2019s interhemispheric albedo symmetry in 19 years of CERES EBAF observations. J. Clim. 35, 249\u2013268 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-20-0970.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-20-0970.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-20-0970.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-20-0970.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022JCli...35..249J\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Persistence%20and%20variability%20of%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20interhemispheric%20albedo%20symmetry%20in%2019%20years%20of%20CERES%20EBAF%20observations&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI-D-20-0970.1&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=249-268&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=J%C3%B6nsson%2CA&amp;author=Bender%2CFA-M\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Diamond, M. S., Gristey, J. J., Kay, J. E. &amp; Feingold, G. Anthropogenic aerosol and cryosphere changes drive Earth\u2019s strong but transient clear-sky hemispheric albedo asymmetry. Commun. Earth Environ. 3, 206 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s43247-022-00546-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s43247-022-00546-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs43247-022-00546-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s43247-022-00546-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022ComEE...3..206D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36118252\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9466336\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Anthropogenic%20aerosol%20and%20cryosphere%20changes%20drive%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20strong%20but%20transient%20clear-sky%20hemispheric%20albedo%20asymmetry&amp;journal=Commun.%20Earth%20Environ.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs43247-022-00546-y&amp;volume=3&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Diamond%2CMS&amp;author=Gristey%2CJJ&amp;author=Kay%2CJE&amp;author=Feingold%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Loeb, N. G. et al. Emerging hemispheric asymmetry of Earth\u2019s radiation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 122, e2511595122 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1073\/pnas.2511595122\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1073\/pnas.2511595122\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073%2Fpnas.2511595122\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1073\/pnas.2511595122\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXislWlsrrN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=41021814\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC12519167\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Emerging%20hemispheric%20asymmetry%20of%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20radiation&amp;journal=Proc.%20Natl%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&amp;doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.2511595122&amp;volume=122&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Loeb%2CNG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Oreopoulos, L., Cho, N. &amp; Lee, D. The role of Earth\u2019s major cloud systems in the hemispheric albedo symmetry. J. Clim. 38, 7203\u20137215 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-25-0242.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-25-0242.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-25-0242.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-25-0242.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025JCli...38.7203O\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20role%20of%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20major%20cloud%20systems%20in%20the%20hemispheric%20albedo%20symmetry&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI-D-25-0242.1&amp;volume=38&amp;pages=7203-7215&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Oreopoulos%2CL&amp;author=Cho%2CN&amp;author=Lee%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Singer, C. E. &amp; Pincus, R. Southern Ocean clear-sky brightening from sea spray aerosol increase drives departure from hemispheric albedo symmetry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 53, e2025GL119637 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2025GL119637\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2025GL119637\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2025GL119637\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2025GL119637\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2026GeoRL..5319637S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Southern%20Ocean%20clear-sky%20brightening%20from%20sea%20spray%20aerosol%20increase%20drives%20departure%20from%20hemispheric%20albedo%20symmetry&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2025GL119637&amp;volume=53&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Singer%2CCE&amp;author=Pincus%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Wielicki, B. A. et al. Clouds and the Earth\u2019s Radiant Energy System (CERES): an Earth observing system experiment. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77, 853\u2013868 (1996).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/1520-0477(1996)077&lt;0853:CATERE&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/1520-0477(1996)077&lt;0853:CATERE&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F1520-0477%281996%29077%3C0853%3ACATERE%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/1520-0477(1996)077&lt;0853:CATERE&gt;2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1996BAMS...77..853W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Clouds%20and%20the%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20Radiant%20Energy%20System%20%28CERES%29%3A%20an%20Earth%20observing%20system%20experiment&amp;journal=Bull.%20Am.%20Meteorol.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F1520-0477%281996%29077%3C0853%3ACATERE%3E2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=77&amp;pages=853-868&amp;publication_year=1996&amp;author=Wielicki%2CBA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Loeb, N. G. et al. Clouds and the Earth\u2019s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) Edition-4.0 data product. J. Clim. 31, 895\u2013918 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0208.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0208.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-17-0208.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0208.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018JCli...31..895L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Clouds%20and%20the%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20Radiant%20Energy%20System%20%28CERES%29%20Energy%20Balanced%20and%20Filled%20%28EBAF%29%20Top-of-Atmosphere%20%28TOA%29%20Edition-4.0%20data%20product&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI-D-17-0208.1&amp;volume=31&amp;pages=895-918&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Loeb%2CNG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Kato, S. et al. Surface irradiances of Edition 4.0 Clouds and the Earth\u2019s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) data product. J. Clim. 31, 4501\u20134527 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0523.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0523.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-17-0523.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0523.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018JCli...31.4501K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Surface%20irradiances%20of%20Edition%204.0%20Clouds%20and%20the%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20Radiant%20Energy%20System%20%28CERES%29%20Energy%20Balanced%20and%20Filled%20%28EBAF%29%20data%20product&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI-D-17-0523.1&amp;volume=31&amp;pages=4501-4527&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Kato%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Sun, M. et al. Clouds and the Earth\u2019s Radiant Energy System (CERES) FluxByCldTyp Edition 4 data product. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 39, 303\u2013318 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JTECH-D-21-0029.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JTECH-D-21-0029.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJTECH-D-21-0029.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JTECH-D-21-0029.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022JAtOT..39..303S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Clouds%20and%20the%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20Radiant%20Energy%20System%20%28CERES%29%20FluxByCldTyp%20Edition%204%20data%20product&amp;journal=J.%20Atmos.%20Ocean.%20Technol.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJTECH-D-21-0029.1&amp;volume=39&amp;pages=303-318&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Sun%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Klein, S. A. &amp; Hartmann, D. L. The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Clim. 6, 1587\u20131606 (1993).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1993)006&lt;1587:TSCOLS&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1993)006&lt;1587:TSCOLS&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F1520-0442%281993%29006%3C1587%3ATSCOLS%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1993)006&lt;1587:TSCOLS&gt;2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1993JCli....6.1587K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20seasonal%20cycle%20of%20low%20stratiform%20clouds&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F1520-0442%281993%29006%3C1587%3ATSCOLS%3E2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=1587-1606&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;author=Klein%2CSA&amp;author=Hartmann%2CDL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Donohoe, A. &amp; Battisti, D. S. Atmospheric and surface contributions to planetary albedo. J. Clim. 24, 4402\u20134418 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/2011JCLI3946.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/2011JCLI3946.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F2011JCLI3946.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/2011JCLI3946.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2011JCli...24.4402D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Atmospheric%20and%20surface%20contributions%20to%20planetary%20albedo&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F2011JCLI3946.1&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=4402-4418&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Donohoe%2CA&amp;author=Battisti%2CDS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Cesana, G. V. et al. The correlation between Arctic sea ice, cloud phase and radiation using A-Train satellites. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 24, 7899\u20137909 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/acp-24-7899-2024\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/acp-24-7899-2024\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Facp-24-7899-2024\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/acp-24-7899-2024\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024ACP....24.7899C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXitVWlsLfI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20correlation%20between%20Arctic%20sea%20ice%2C%20cloud%20phase%20and%20radiation%20using%20A-Train%20satellites&amp;journal=Atmos.%20Chem.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Facp-24-7899-2024&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=7899-7909&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Cesana%2CGV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Cavalieri, D. J. &amp; Parkinson, C. L. Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979\u20132010. Cryosphere 6, 881\u2013889 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/tc-6-881-2012\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/tc-6-881-2012\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Ftc-6-881-2012\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/tc-6-881-2012\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2012TCry....6..881C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Arctic%20sea%20ice%20variability%20and%20trends%2C%201979%E2%80%932010&amp;journal=Cryosphere&amp;doi=10.5194%2Ftc-6-881-2012&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=881-889&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Cavalieri%2CDJ&amp;author=Parkinson%2CCL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Eayrs, C., Li, X., Raphael, M. N. &amp; Holland, D. M. Rapid decline in Antarctic sea ice in recent years hints at future change. Nat. Geosci. 14, 460\u2013464 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41561-021-00768-3\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41561-021-00768-3\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41561-021-00768-3\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41561-021-00768-3\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021NatGe..14..460E\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsV2lsbjM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Rapid%20decline%20in%20Antarctic%20sea%20ice%20in%20recent%20years%20hints%20at%20future%20change&amp;journal=Nat.%20Geosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41561-021-00768-3&amp;volume=14&amp;pages=460-464&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Eayrs%2CC&amp;author=Li%2CX&amp;author=Raphael%2CMN&amp;author=Holland%2CDM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Chen, C. et al. China and India lead in greening of the world through land-use management. Nat. Sustain. 2, 122\u2013129 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41893-019-0220-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41893-019-0220-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41893-019-0220-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41893-019-0220-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30778399\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6376198\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=China%20and%20India%20lead%20in%20greening%20of%20the%20world%20through%20land-use%20management&amp;journal=Nat.%20Sustain.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41893-019-0220-7&amp;volume=2&amp;pages=122-129&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Chen%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Davies, T. W. &amp; Smyth, T. Darkening of the global ocean. Glob Change Biol. 31, e70227 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/gcb.70227\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/gcb.70227\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fgcb.70227\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/gcb.70227\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025GCBio..3170227D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXht1Wjt7vI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Darkening%20of%20the%20global%20ocean&amp;journal=Glob%20Change%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fgcb.70227&amp;volume=31&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Davies%2CTW&amp;author=Smyth%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Tselioudis, G., Remillard, J., Jakob, C. &amp; Rossow, W. B. Contraction of the world\u2019s storm-cloud zones the primary contributor to the 21st century increase in the Earth\u2019s sunlight absorption. Geophys. Res. Lett. 52, e2025GL114882 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2025GL114882\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2025GL114882\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2025GL114882\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2025GL114882\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025GeoRL..5214882T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Contraction%20of%20the%20world%E2%80%99s%20storm-cloud%20zones%20the%20primary%20contributor%20to%20the%2021st%20century%20increase%20in%20the%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20sunlight%20absorption&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2025GL114882&amp;volume=52&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Tselioudis%2CG&amp;author=Remillard%2CJ&amp;author=Jakob%2CC&amp;author=Rossow%2CWB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Eyring, V. et al. Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization. Geosci. Model Dev. 9, 1937\u20131958 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-1937-2016\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-1937-2016\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fgmd-9-1937-2016\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-1937-2016\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016GMD.....9.1937E\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Overview%20of%20the%20Coupled%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project%20Phase%206%20%28CMIP6%29%20experimental%20design%20and%20organization&amp;journal=Geosci.%20Model%20Dev.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fgmd-9-1937-2016&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=1937-1958&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Eyring%2CV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">O\u2019Neill, B. C. et al. The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6. Geosci. Model Dev. 9, 3461\u20133482 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-3461-2016\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-3461-2016\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fgmd-9-3461-2016\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/gmd-9-3461-2016\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016GMD.....9.3461O\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Scenario%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project%20%28ScenarioMIP%29%20for%20CMIP6&amp;journal=Geosci.%20Model%20Dev.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fgmd-9-3461-2016&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=3461-3482&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Neill%2CBC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Kravitz, B. et al. The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (GeoMIP6): simulation design and preliminary results. Geosci. Model Dev. 8, 3379\u20133392 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/gmd-8-3379-2015\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/gmd-8-3379-2015\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Fgmd-8-3379-2015\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/gmd-8-3379-2015\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015GMD.....8.3379K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXls1Srsb8%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Geoengineering%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project%20Phase%206%20%28GeoMIP6%29%3A%20simulation%20design%20and%20preliminary%20results&amp;journal=Geosci.%20Model%20Dev.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Fgmd-8-3379-2015&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=3379-3392&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Kravitz%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">McGraw, Z. &amp; Polvani, L. M. Direct radiative impacts of stratospheric aerosols on the tropical troposphere: clouds, precipitation, and circulation in convection-resolving and global simulations. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2512.06163\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2512.06163\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2512.06163<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Gristey, J. J. &amp; Feingold, G. Stratospheric aerosol injection would change cloud brightness. Geophys. Res. Lett. 52, e2024GL113914 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2024GL113914\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2024GL113914\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2024GL113914\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2024GL113914\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025GeoRL..5213914G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXntlynsrs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stratospheric%20aerosol%20injection%20would%20change%20cloud%20brightness&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2024GL113914&amp;volume=52&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Gristey%2CJJ&amp;author=Feingold%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Bjerknes, J. Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Weather Rev. 97, 163\u2013172 (1969).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/1520-0493(1969)097&lt;0163:ATFTEP&gt;2.3.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/1520-0493(1969)097&lt;0163:ATFTEP&gt;2.3.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F1520-0493%281969%29097%3C0163%3AATFTEP%3E2.3.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/1520-0493(1969)097&lt;0163:ATFTEP&gt;2.3.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1969MWRv...97..163B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Atmospheric%20teleconnections%20from%20the%20equatorial%20Pacific&amp;journal=Mon.%20Weather%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F1520-0493%281969%29097%3C0163%3AATFTEP%3E2.3.CO%3B2&amp;volume=97&amp;pages=163-172&amp;publication_year=1969&amp;author=Bjerknes%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Dagan, G., Yeheskel, N. &amp; Williams, A. I. L. Radiative forcing from aerosol-cloud interactions enhanced by large-scale circulation adjustments. Nat. Geosci. 16, 1092\u20131098 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41561-023-01319-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41561-023-01319-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41561-023-01319-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41561-023-01319-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatGe..16.1092D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXisVSkur7K\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Radiative%20forcing%20from%20aerosol-cloud%20interactions%20enhanced%20by%20large-scale%20circulation%20adjustments&amp;journal=Nat.%20Geosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41561-023-01319-8&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=1092-1098&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Dagan%2CG&amp;author=Yeheskel%2CN&amp;author=Williams%2CAIL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">McCulloch, D., Webb, M. J., Lambert, F. H. &amp; Vallis, G. K. Weakening tropical deep convection reduces subtropical low clouds via lower free-tropospheric moisture convergence in a climate model. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.authorea.com\/doi\/full\/10.22541\/au.175407740.01003894\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.authorea.com\/doi\/full\/10.22541\/au.175407740.01003894\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.authorea.com\/doi\/full\/10.22541\/au.175407740.01003894<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Held, I. M. &amp; Soden, B. J. Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. J. Clim. 19, 5686\u20135699 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI3990.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI3990.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI3990.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI3990.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2006JCli...19.5686H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Robust%20responses%20of%20the%20hydrological%20cycle%20to%20global%20warming&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI3990.1&amp;volume=19&amp;pages=5686-5699&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Held%2CIM&amp;author=Soden%2CBJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Vecchi, G. A. &amp; Soden, B. J. Global warming and the weakening of the tropical circulation. J. Clim. 20, 4316\u20134340 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI4258.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI4258.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI4258.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI4258.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2007JCli...20.4316V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 35\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Global%20warming%20and%20the%20weakening%20of%20the%20tropical%20circulation&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI4258.1&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=4316-4340&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Vecchi%2CGA&amp;author=Soden%2CBJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Fasullo, J. T., Rosenbloom, N. &amp; Buchholz, R. A multiyear tropical Pacific cooling response to recent Australian wildfires in CESM2. Sci. Adv. 9, eadg1213 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/sciadv.adg1213\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/sciadv.adg1213\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fsciadv.adg1213\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/sciadv.adg1213\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37163592\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10171808\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20multiyear%20tropical%20Pacific%20cooling%20response%20to%20recent%20Australian%20wildfires%20in%20CESM2&amp;journal=Sci.%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.adg1213&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Fasullo%2CJT&amp;author=Rosenbloom%2CN&amp;author=Buchholz%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Zhu, Y., Mann, G., Newman, P. A. &amp; Randel, W. The Hunga volcanic eruption atmospheric impacts report. APARC IPO, APARC report 11, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34734\/FZJ-2025-05237\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.34734\/FZJ-2025-05237\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34734\/FZJ-2025-05237<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Reflecting Sunlight: Recommendations for Solar Geoengineering Research and Research Governance (The National Academies Press, 2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Feingold, G. et al. Physical science research needed to evaluate the viability and risks of marine cloud brightening. Sci. Adv. 10, eadi8594 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/sciadv.adi8594\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/sciadv.adi8594\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fsciadv.adi8594\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/sciadv.adi8594\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXntFGgt7Y%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38507486\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10954212\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Physical%20science%20research%20needed%20to%20evaluate%20the%20viability%20and%20risks%20of%20marine%20cloud%20brightening&amp;journal=Sci.%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.adi8594&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Feingold%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Hill, S. &amp; Ming, Y. Nonlinear climate response to regional brightening of tropical marine stratocumulus. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L15707 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2012GL052064\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2012GL052064\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2012GL052064\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2012GL052064\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2012GeoRL..3915707H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nonlinear%20climate%20response%20to%20regional%20brightening%20of%20tropical%20marine%20stratocumulus&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2012GL052064&amp;volume=39&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Hill%2CS&amp;author=Ming%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Xing, C. Subtropical marine cloud brightening suppresses the El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation. Earths Future 13, e2025EF006522 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2025EF006522\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2025EF006522\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2025EF006522\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2025EF006522\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025EaFut..1306522X\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Subtropical%20marine%20cloud%20brightening%20suppresses%20the%20El%20Ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93Southern%20Oscillation&amp;journal=Earths%20Future&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2025EF006522&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Xing%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Rasch, P. J., Latham, J. &amp; Chen, C.-C. J. Geoengineering by cloud seeding: influence on sea ice and climate system. Environ. Res. Lett. 4, 045112 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/1748-9326\/4\/4\/045112\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/1748-9326\/4\/4\/045112\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F4%2F4%2F045112\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/1748-9326\/4\/4\/045112\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Geoengineering%20by%20cloud%20seeding%3A%20influence%20on%20sea%20ice%20and%20climate%20system&amp;journal=Environ.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F4%2F4%2F045112&amp;volume=4&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Rasch%2CPJ&amp;author=Latham%2CJ&amp;author=Chen%2CC-CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Bednarz, E. M., Haywood, J. M., Visioni, D., Butler, A. H. &amp; Jones, A. How marine cloud brightening could also affect stratospheric ozone. Sci. Adv. 11, eadu4038 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/sciadv.adu4038\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/sciadv.adu4038\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fsciadv.adu4038\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/sciadv.adu4038\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025SciA...11.4038B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXhtFymtLnI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=40367162\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC12077500\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=How%20marine%20cloud%20brightening%20could%20also%20affect%20stratospheric%20ozone&amp;journal=Sci.%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.adu4038&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Bednarz%2CEM&amp;author=Haywood%2CJM&amp;author=Visioni%2CD&amp;author=Butler%2CAH&amp;author=Jones%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Forster, P. et al. in Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) 923\u20131054 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Loeb, N. G. et al. Satellite and ocean data reveal marked increase in Earth\u2019s heating rate. Geophys. Res. Lett. 48, e2021GL093047 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2021GL093047\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2021GL093047\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2021GL093047\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2021GL093047\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021GeoRL..4893047L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Satellite%20and%20ocean%20data%20reveal%20marked%20increase%20in%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20heating%20rate&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2021GL093047&amp;volume=48&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Loeb%2CNG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Kramer, R. J. et al. Observational evidence of increasing global radiative forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 48, e2020GL091585 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2020GL091585\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2020GL091585\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2020GL091585\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2020GL091585\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021GeoRL..4891585K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observational%20evidence%20of%20increasing%20global%20radiative%20forcing&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2020GL091585&amp;volume=48&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Kramer%2CRJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Loeb, N. G. et al. Observational assessment of changes in Earth\u2019s energy imbalance since 2000. Surv. Geophys. 45, 1757\u20131783 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10712-024-09838-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10712-024-09838-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10712-024-09838-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10712-024-09838-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024SGeo...45.1757L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=39734427\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11671437\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observational%20assessment%20of%20changes%20in%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20energy%20imbalance%20since%202000&amp;journal=Surv.%20Geophys.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10712-024-09838-8&amp;volume=45&amp;pages=1757-1783&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Loeb%2CNG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Mauritsen, T. et al. Earth\u2019s energy imbalance more than doubled in recent decades. AGU Adv. 6, e2024AV001636 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2024AV001636\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2024AV001636\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2024AV001636\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2024AV001636\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025AGUA....601636M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Earth%E2%80%99s%20energy%20imbalance%20more%20than%20doubled%20in%20recent%20decades&amp;journal=AGU%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2024AV001636&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Mauritsen%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Loeb, N. G. et al. Continuity in top-of-atmosphere Earth radiation budget observations. J. Clim. 37, 6093\u20136108 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-24-0180.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-24-0180.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-24-0180.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-24-0180.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024JCli...37.6093L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Continuity%20in%20top-of-atmosphere%20Earth%20radiation%20budget%20observations&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI-D-24-0180.1&amp;volume=37&amp;pages=6093-6108&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Loeb%2CNG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">KISS Continuity Study Team. Toward a US framework for continuity of satellite observations of Earth\u2019s climate and for supporting societal resilience. Earths Future 12, e2023EF003757 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2023EF003757\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2023EF003757\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2023EF003757\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2023EF003757\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Toward%20a%20US%20framework%20for%20continuity%20of%20satellite%20observations%20of%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20climate%20and%20for%20supporting%20societal%20resilience&amp;journal=Earths%20Future&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2023EF003757&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2024\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">NASA\/LARC\/SD\/ASDC. CERES Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) TOA and Surface Monthly means data in netCDF Edition 4.2.1. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/TERRA-AQUA-NOAA20\/CERES\/EBAF_L3B004.2.1\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.5067\/TERRA-AQUA-NOAA20\/CERES\/EBAF_L3B004.2.1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/TERRA-AQUA-NOAA20\/CERES\/EBAF_L3B004.2.1<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">NASA\/LARC\/SD\/ASDC. CERES Monthly Daytime Mean Regionally Averaged Terra and Aqua TOA Fluxes and Associated Cloud Properties Stratified by Optical Depth and Effective Pressure Edition4A. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/Terra-Aqua\/CERES\/FLUXBYCLDTYP-MONTH_L3.004A\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.5067\/Terra-Aqua\/CERES\/FLUXBYCLDTYP-MONTH_L3.004A\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/Terra-Aqua\/CERES\/FLUXBYCLDTYP-MONTH_L3.004A<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">NASA\/LARC\/SD\/ASDC. CERES and GEO-Enhanced TOA, Within-Atmosphere and Surface Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly Terra-Aqua Edition4A. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/TERRA+AQUA\/CERES\/SYN1DEGMONTH_L3.004A\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.5067\/TERRA+AQUA\/CERES\/SYN1DEGMONTH_L3.004A\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/TERRA+AQUA\/CERES\/SYN1DEGMONTH_L3.004A<\/a> (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">NOAA Climate Prediction Center. Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index (ONI). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/data\/indices\/oni.ascii.txt\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/data\/indices\/oni.ascii.txt\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/data\/indices\/oni.ascii.txt<\/a> (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Rossow, W. B. &amp; Schiffer, R. A. Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 80, 2261\u20132287 (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/1520-0477(1999)080&lt;2261:AIUCFI&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/1520-0477(1999)080&lt;2261:AIUCFI&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F1520-0477%281999%29080%3C2261%3AAIUCFI%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/1520-0477(1999)080&lt;2261:AIUCFI&gt;2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1999BAMS...80.2261R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Advances%20in%20understanding%20clouds%20from%20ISCCP&amp;journal=Bull.%20Am.%20Meteorol.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F1520-0477%281999%29080%3C2261%3AAIUCFI%3E2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=80&amp;pages=2261-2287&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=Rossow%2CWB&amp;author=Schiffer%2CRA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Doelling, D. R. et al. Geostationary enhanced temporal interpolation for CERES flux products. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 30, 1072\u20131090 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JTECH-D-12-00136.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JTECH-D-12-00136.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJTECH-D-12-00136.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JTECH-D-12-00136.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013JAtOT..30.1072D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Geostationary%20enhanced%20temporal%20interpolation%20for%20CERES%20flux%20products&amp;journal=J.%20Atmos.%20Ocean.%20Technol.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJTECH-D-12-00136.1&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=1072-1090&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Doelling%2CDR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Gristey, J. J. et al. Insights into the diurnal cycle of global Earth outgoing radiation using a numerical weather prediction model. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18, 5129\u20135145 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.5194\/acp-18-5129-2018\" data-track-item_id=\"10.5194\/acp-18-5129-2018\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194%2Facp-18-5129-2018\" aria-label=\"Article reference 57\" data-doi=\"10.5194\/acp-18-5129-2018\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018ACP....18.5129G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhtVaht7vN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Insights%20into%20the%20diurnal%20cycle%20of%20global%20Earth%20outgoing%20radiation%20using%20a%20numerical%20weather%20prediction%20model&amp;journal=Atmos.%20Chem.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.5194%2Facp-18-5129-2018&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=5129-5145&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Gristey%2CJJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Loeb, N. G. et al. Toward optimal closure of the Earth\u2019s top-of-atmosphere radiation budget. J. Clim. 22, 748\u2013766 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/2008JCLI2637.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/2008JCLI2637.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F2008JCLI2637.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/2008JCLI2637.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009JCli...22..748L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Toward%20optimal%20closure%20of%20the%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20top-of-atmosphere%20radiation%20budget&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F2008JCLI2637.1&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=748-766&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Loeb%2CNG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Kuma, P., Bender, F. A. &amp; J\u00f6nsson, A. R. Climate model code genealogy and its relation to climate feedbacks and sensitivity. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 15, e2022MS003588 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2022MS003588\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2022MS003588\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2022MS003588\" aria-label=\"Article reference 59\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2022MS003588\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023JAMES..1503588K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Climate%20model%20code%20genealogy%20and%20its%20relation%20to%20climate%20feedbacks%20and%20sensitivity&amp;journal=J.%20Adv.%20Model.%20Earth%20Syst.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2022MS003588&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Kuma%2CP&amp;author=Bender%2CFA&amp;author=J%C3%B6nsson%2CAR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Krasting, J. P. et al. NOAA-GFDL GFDL-ESM4 model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.859\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.859\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.859<\/a> (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Guo, H. et al. NOAA-GFDL GFDL-CM4 model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.9242\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.9242\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.9242<\/a> (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">NASA Goddard Institute For Space Studies (NASA\/GISS). NASA-GISS GISS-E2.1G model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.7127\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.7127\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.7127<\/a> (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">NASA Goddard Institute For Space Studies (NASA\/GISS). NASA-GISS GISS-E2.1G model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.2074\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.2074\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.2074<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Boucher, O. et al. IPSL IPSL-CM5A2-INCA model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.13661\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.13661\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.13661<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Boucher, O. et al. IPSL IPSL-CM5A2-INCA model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.15667\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.15667\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.15667<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Boucher, O. et al. IPSL IPSL-CM6A-LR model output prepared for CMIP6 GeoMIP G6sulfur. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/esgf\/cmip6.5059\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/esgf\/cmip6.5059\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/esgf\/cmip6.5059<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Tatebe, H. &amp; Watanabe, M. MIROC MIROC6 model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.5603\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.5603\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.5603<\/a> (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Shiogama, H., Abe, M. &amp; Tatebe, H. MIROC MIROC6 model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.898\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.898\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.898<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Tang, Y. et al. MOHC UKESM1.0-LL model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.6113\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.6113\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.6113<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Good, P. et al. MOHC UKESM1.0-LL model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.1567\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.1567\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.1567<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Swart, N. C. et al. CCCma CanESM5 model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.3610\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.3610\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.3610<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Swart, N. C. et al. CCCma CanESM5 model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.1317\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.1317\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.1317<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Danabasoglu, G. NCAR CESM2 model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.7627\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.7627\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.7627<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">Danabasoglu, G. NCAR CESM2 model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.2201\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.2201\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.2201<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR75\">Danabasoglu, G. NCAR CESM2-WACCM model output prepared for CMIP6 GeoMIP. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.10025\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.10025\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.10025<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR76\">Wieners, K.-H. et al. MPI-M MPI-ESM1.2-LR model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP historical. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.6595\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.6595\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.6595<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR77\">Wieners, K.-H. et al. MPI-M MPIESM1.2-LR model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP. Earth System Grid Federation. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.793\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.793\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.793<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR78\">Niemeier, U. et al. MPI-M MPI-ESM1.2-LR model output prepared for CMIP6 GeoMIP G6sulfur. Earth System Grid. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.6448\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.6448\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22033\/ESGF\/CMIP6.6448<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR79\">Bretherton, C. S., Widmann, M., Dymnikov, V. P., Wallace, J. M. &amp; Blad\u00e9, I. The effective number of spatial degrees of freedom of a time-varying field. J. Clim. 12, 1990\u20132009 (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1999)012&lt;1990:TENOSD&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1999)012&lt;1990:TENOSD&gt;2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2F1520-0442%281999%29012%3C1990%3ATENOSD%3E2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 79\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/1520-0442(1999)012&lt;1990:TENOSD&gt;2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1999JCli...12.1990B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 79\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 79\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20effective%20number%20of%20spatial%20degrees%20of%20freedom%20of%20a%20time-varying%20field&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2F1520-0442%281999%29012%3C1990%3ATENOSD%3E2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=1990-2009&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=Bretherton%2CCS&amp;author=Widmann%2CM&amp;author=Dymnikov%2CVP&amp;author=Wallace%2CJM&amp;author=Blad%C3%A9%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR80\">Met Office. Cartopy: a cartographic Python library with a Matplotlib interface. <a href=\"https:\/\/cartopy.readthedocs.io\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/cartopy.readthedocs.io\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/cartopy.readthedocs.io<\/a> (2010\u20132015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR81\">Zhang, J. Analytical and plotting scripts for \u201cEarth\u2019s east\u2013west albedo symmetry\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/csl.noaa.gov\/groups\/csl9\/datasets\/data\/2026-Zhang\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/csl.noaa.gov\/groups\/csl9\/datasets\/data\/2026-Zhang\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/csl.noaa.gov\/groups\/csl9\/datasets\/data\/2026-Zhang\/<\/a> (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR82\">Xu, R. et al. Contrasting impacts of forests on cloud cover based on satellite observations. Nat. Commun. 13, 670 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-022-28161-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-022-28161-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-022-28161-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 82\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-022-28161-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022NatCo..13..670X\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 82\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XislKmtbo%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 82\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35115519\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 82\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8813950\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 82\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 82\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Contrasting%20impacts%20of%20forests%20on%20cloud%20cover%20based%20on%20satellite%20observations&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-022-28161-7&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Xu%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR83\">Leung, G. R., Grant, L. D. &amp; van den Heever, S. C. Deforestation-driven increases in shallow clouds are greatest in drier, low-aerosol regions of Southeast Asia. Geophys. Res. Lett. 51, e2023GL107678 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1029\/2023GL107678\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1029\/2023GL107678\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029%2F2023GL107678\" aria-label=\"Article reference 83\" data-doi=\"10.1029\/2023GL107678\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024GeoRL..5107678L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 83\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 83\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Deforestation-driven%20increases%20in%20shallow%20clouds%20are%20greatest%20in%20drier%2C%20low-aerosol%20regions%20of%20Southeast%20Asia&amp;journal=Geophys.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1029%2F2023GL107678&amp;volume=51&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Leung%2CGR&amp;author=Grant%2CLD&amp;author=Heever%2CSC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR84\">Dror, T. &amp; Feingold, G. Amazon forest loss: an all-sky biophysical top-of-atmosphere cooling feedback. Science 392, 429\u2013432 (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.adz8296\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.adz8296\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.adz8296\" aria-label=\"Article reference 84\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.adz8296\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2026Sci...392..429D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 84\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB28XhtVyqtrzF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 84\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=42024762\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 84\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 84\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Amazon%20forest%20loss%3A%20an%20all-sky%20biophysical%20top-of-atmosphere%20cooling%20feedback&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.adz8296&amp;volume=392&amp;pages=429-432&amp;publication_year=2026&amp;author=Dror%2CT&amp;author=Feingold%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR85\">S\u00e9vellec, F., Fedorov, A. V. &amp; Liu, W. Arctic sea-ice decline weakens the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Nat. Clim. Change 7, 604\u2013610 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nclimate3353\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nclimate3353\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnclimate3353\" aria-label=\"Article reference 85\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nclimate3353\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017NatCC...7..604S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 85\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 85\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Arctic%20sea-ice%20decline%20weakens%20the%20Atlantic%20Meridional%20Overturning%20Circulation&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clim.%20Change&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnclimate3353&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=604-610&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=S%C3%A9vellec%2CF&amp;author=Fedorov%2CAV&amp;author=Liu%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR86\">Liu, W., Fedorov, A. &amp; S\u00e9vellec, F. The mechanisms of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown induced by Arctic sea ice decline. J. Clim. 32, 977\u2013996 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-18-0231.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-18-0231.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-18-0231.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 86\" data-doi=\"10.1175\/JCLI-D-18-0231.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019JCli...32..977L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 86\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 86\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20mechanisms%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20meridional%20overturning%20circulation%20slowdown%20induced%20by%20Arctic%20sea%20ice%20decline&amp;journal=J.%20Clim.&amp;doi=10.1175%2FJCLI-D-18-0231.1&amp;volume=32&amp;pages=977-996&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Liu%2CW&amp;author=Fedorov%2CA&amp;author=S%C3%A9vellec%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR87\">Weijer, W. Interactions between the Arctic Mediterranean and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: a review. Oceanography 35, 118\u2013127 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 87\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Interactions%20between%20the%20Arctic%20Mediterranean%20and%20the%20Atlantic%20Meridional%20Overturning%20Circulation%3A%20a%20review&amp;journal=Oceanography&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=118-127&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Weijer%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Stephens, G. L. et al. The albedo of Earth. Rev. Geophys. 53, 141\u2013163 (2015). Article\u00a0 ADS\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":684413,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[191712,24383,1159,1160,61125,79],"class_list":["post-684412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-science","tag-atmospheric-dynamics","tag-climate-and-earth-system-modelling","tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","tag-multidisciplinary","tag-projection-and-prediction","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=684412"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684412\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/684413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=684412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=684412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=684412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}