{"id":756468,"date":"2026-07-11T10:02:17","date_gmt":"2026-07-11T10:02:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/756468\/"},"modified":"2026-07-11T10:02:17","modified_gmt":"2026-07-11T10:02:17","slug":"dephasingless-laser-wakefield-acceleration-of-electrons-using-a-flying-focus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/756468\/","title":{"rendered":"Dephasingless laser wakefield acceleration of electrons using a flying focus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Tajima, T. &amp; Dawson, J. M. Laser electron accelerator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 267\u2013270 (1979).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.43.267\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.43.267\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.43.267\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.43.267\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1979PhRvL..43..267T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Laser%20electron%20accelerator&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.43.267&amp;volume=43&amp;pages=267-270&amp;publication_year=1979&amp;author=Tajima%2CT&amp;author=Dawson%2CJM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Esarey, E., Schroeder, C. B. &amp; Leemans, W. P. Physics of laser-driven plasma-based electron accelerators. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1229\u20131285 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.1229\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.1229\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.81.1229\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.1229\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009RvMP...81.1229E\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Physics%20of%20laser-driven%20plasma-based%20electron%20accelerators&amp;journal=Rev.%20Mod.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FRevModPhys.81.1229&amp;volume=81&amp;pages=1229-1285&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Esarey%2CE&amp;author=Schroeder%2CCB&amp;author=Leemans%2CWP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Mangles, S. P. et al. Monoenergetic beams of relativistic electrons from intense laser\u2013plasma interactions. Nature 431, 535\u2013538 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature02939\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature02939\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature02939\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature02939\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2004Natur.431..535M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Monoenergetic%20beams%20of%20relativistic%20electrons%20from%20intense%20laser%E2%80%93plasma%20interactions&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature02939&amp;volume=431&amp;pages=535-538&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Mangles%2CSP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Geddes, C. et al. High-quality electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator using plasma-channel guiding. Nature 431, 538\u2013541 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature02900\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature02900\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature02900\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature02900\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2004Natur.431..538G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=High-quality%20electron%20beams%20from%20a%20laser%20wakefield%20accelerator%20using%20plasma-channel%20guiding&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature02900&amp;volume=431&amp;pages=538-541&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Geddes%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Faure, J. et al. A laser\u2013plasma accelerator producing monoenergetic electron beams. Nature 431, 541\u2013544 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature02963\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature02963\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature02963\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature02963\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2004Natur.431..541F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20laser%E2%80%93plasma%20accelerator%20producing%20monoenergetic%20electron%20beams&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature02963&amp;volume=431&amp;pages=541-544&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Faure%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Mangles, S. P. et al. Electron acceleration in cavitated channels formed by a petawatt laser in low-density plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 245001 (2005).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.245001\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.245001\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.94.245001\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.245001\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2005PhRvL..94x5001M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Electron%20acceleration%20in%20cavitated%20channels%20formed%20by%20a%20petawatt%20laser%20in%20low-density%20plasma&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.94.245001&amp;volume=94&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Mangles%2CSP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Leemans, W. P. et al. GeV electron beams from a centimetre-scale accelerator. Nat. Phys. 2, 696\u2013699 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nphys418\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nphys418\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnphys418\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nphys418\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=GeV%20electron%20beams%20from%20a%20centimetre-scale%20accelerator&amp;journal=Nat.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnphys418&amp;volume=2&amp;pages=696-699&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Leemans%2CWP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Kneip, S. et al. Near-GeV acceleration of electrons by a nonlinear plasma wave driven by a self-guided laser pulse. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 035002 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.035002\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.035002\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.103.035002\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.035002\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009PhRvL.103c5002K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Near-GeV%20acceleration%20of%20electrons%20by%20a%20nonlinear%20plasma%20wave%20driven%20by%20a%20self-guided%20laser%20pulse&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.103.035002&amp;volume=103&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Kneip%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Froula, D. et al. Measurements of the critical power for self-injection of electrons in a laser wakefield accelerator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 215006 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.215006\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.215006\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.103.215006\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.215006\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009PhRvL.103u5006F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Measurements%20of%20the%20critical%20power%20for%20self-injection%20of%20electrons%20in%20a%20laser%20wakefield%20accelerator&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.103.215006&amp;volume=103&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Froula%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Clayton, C. E. et al. Self-guided laser wakefield acceleration beyond 1 GeV using ionization-induced injection. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 105003 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.105003\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.105003\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.105.105003\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.105003\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2010PhRvL.105j5003C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Self-guided%20laser%20wakefield%20acceleration%20beyond%201%20GeV%20using%20ionization-induced%20injection&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.105.105003&amp;volume=105&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Clayton%2CCE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Lu, H. et al. Laser wakefield acceleration of electron beams beyond 1 GeV from an ablative capillary discharge waveguide. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 091502 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/1.3626042\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/1.3626042\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F1.3626042\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/1.3626042\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2011ApPhL..99i1502L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Laser%20wakefield%20acceleration%20of%20electron%20beams%20beyond%201%20GeV%20from%20an%20ablative%20capillary%20discharge%20waveguide&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F1.3626042&amp;volume=99&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Lu%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Wang, X. et al. Quasi-monoenergetic laser\u2013plasma acceleration of electrons to 2 GeV. Nat. Commun. 4, 1988 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/ncomms2988\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/ncomms2988\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fncomms2988\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/ncomms2988\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013NatCo...4.1988W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Quasi-monoenergetic%20laser%E2%80%93plasma%20acceleration%20of%20electrons%20to%202%20GeV&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fncomms2988&amp;volume=4&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Wang%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Lu, W. et al. Generating multi-GeV electron bunches using single stage laser wakefield acceleration in a 3D nonlinear regime. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 10, 061301 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevSTAB.10.061301\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevSTAB.10.061301\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevSTAB.10.061301\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevSTAB.10.061301\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2007PhRvS..10f1301L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Generating%20multi-GeV%20electron%20bunches%20using%20single%20stage%20laser%20wakefield%20acceleration%20in%20a%203D%20nonlinear%20regime&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Accel.%20Beams&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevSTAB.10.061301&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Lu%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Debus, A. et al. Circumventing the dephasing and depletion limits of laser-wakefield acceleration. Phys. Rev. X 9, 031044 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Circumventing%20the%20dephasing%20and%20depletion%20limits%20of%20laser-wakefield%20acceleration&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20X&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Debus%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Yoon, S., Palastro, J. &amp; Milchberg, H. Quasi-phase-matched laser wakefield acceleration. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 134803 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.134803\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.134803\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.112.134803\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.134803\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2014PhRvL.112m4803Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Quasi-phase-matched%20laser%20wakefield%20acceleration&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.112.134803&amp;volume=112&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Yoon%2CS&amp;author=Palastro%2CJ&amp;author=Milchberg%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Zhang, X., Khudik, V. N. &amp; Shvets, G. Synergistic laser-wakefield and direct-laser acceleration in the plasma-bubble regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 184801 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.184801\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.184801\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.114.184801\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.184801\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015PhRvL.114r4801Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Synergistic%20laser-wakefield%20and%20direct-laser%20acceleration%20in%20the%20plasma-bubble%20regime&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.114.184801&amp;volume=114&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Zhang%2CX&amp;author=Khudik%2CVN&amp;author=Shvets%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">D\u00f6pp, A. et al. Energy-chirp compensation in a laser wakefield accelerator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 074802 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.074802\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.074802\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.121.074802\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.074802\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018PhRvL.121g4802D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Energy-chirp%20compensation%20in%20a%20laser%20wakefield%20accelerator&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.121.074802&amp;volume=121&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=D%C3%B6pp%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Steinke, S. et al. Multistage coupling of independent laser\u2013plasma accelerators. Nature 530, 190\u2013193 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature16525\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature16525\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature16525\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature16525\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016Natur.530..190S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multistage%20coupling%20of%20independent%20laser%E2%80%93plasma%20accelerators&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature16525&amp;volume=530&amp;pages=190-193&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Steinke%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Sprangle, P. et al. Wakefield generation and GeV acceleration in tapered plasma channels. Phys. Rev. E 63, 056405 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.63.056405\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.63.056405\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevE.63.056405\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.63.056405\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2001PhRvE..63e6405S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Wakefield%20generation%20and%20GeV%20acceleration%20in%20tapered%20plasma%20channels&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20E&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevE.63.056405&amp;volume=63&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Sprangle%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Gonsalves, A. et al. Tunable laser plasma accelerator based on longitudinal density tailoring. Nat. Phys. 7, 862\u2013866 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nphys2071\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nphys2071\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnphys2071\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nphys2071\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tunable%20laser%20plasma%20accelerator%20based%20on%20longitudinal%20density%20tailoring&amp;journal=Nat.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnphys2071&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=862-866&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Gonsalves%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Aniculaesei, C. et al. Electron energy increase in a laser wakefield accelerator using up-ramp plasma density profiles. Sci. Rep. 9, 11249 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41598-019-47677-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41598-019-47677-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-019-47677-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41598-019-47677-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019NatSR...911249A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Electron%20energy%20increase%20in%20a%20laser%20wakefield%20accelerator%20using%20up-ramp%20plasma%20density%20profiles&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-019-47677-5&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Aniculaesei%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Ludwig, J. et al. Laser based 100 GeV electron acceleration scheme for muon production. Sci. Rep. 15, 25902 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41598-025-95440-w\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41598-025-95440-w\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-025-95440-w\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41598-025-95440-w\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025NatSR..1525902L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Laser%20based%20100%20GeV%20electron%20acceleration%20scheme%20for%20muon%20production&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-025-95440-w&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Ludwig%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Li, R. et al. Longitudinal tapering in gas jets for increased efficiency of 10-GeV class laser plasma accelerators. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 96, 043306 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/5.0250698\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/5.0250698\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F5.0250698\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/5.0250698\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025RScI...96d3306L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Longitudinal%20tapering%20in%20gas%20jets%20for%20increased%20efficiency%20of%2010-GeV%20class%20laser%20plasma%20accelerators&amp;journal=Rev.%20Sci.%20Instrum.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F5.0250698&amp;volume=96&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Li%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Leemans, W. et al. Multi-GeV electron beams from capillary-discharge-guided subpetawatt laser pulses in the self-trapping regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 245002 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.245002\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.245002\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.113.245002\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.245002\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2014PhRvL.113x5002L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multi-GeV%20electron%20beams%20from%20capillary-discharge-guided%20subpetawatt%20laser%20pulses%20in%20the%20self-trapping%20regime&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.113.245002&amp;volume=113&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Leemans%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Gonsalves, A. et al. Petawatt laser guiding and electron beam acceleration to 8 GeV in a laser-heated capillary discharge waveguide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 084801 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.084801\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.084801\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.122.084801\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.084801\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019PhRvL.122h4801G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Petawatt%20laser%20guiding%20and%20electron%20beam%20acceleration%20to%208%20GeV%20in%20a%20laser-heated%20capillary%20discharge%20waveguide&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.122.084801&amp;volume=122&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Gonsalves%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Miao, B. et al. Multi-GeV electron bunches from an all-optical laser wakefield accelerator. Phys. Rev. X 12, 031038 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multi-GeV%20electron%20bunches%20from%20an%20all-optical%20laser%20wakefield%20accelerator&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20X&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Miao%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Aniculaesei, C. et al. The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator. Matter Radiat. Extrem. 9, 014001 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/5.0161687\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/5.0161687\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F5.0161687\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/5.0161687\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20acceleration%20of%20a%20high-charge%20electron%20bunch%20to%2010%20GeV%20in%20a%2010-cm%20nanoparticle-assisted%20wakefield%20accelerator&amp;journal=Matter%20Radiat.%20Extrem.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F5.0161687&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Aniculaesei%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Picksley, A. et al. Matched guiding and controlled injection in dark-current-free, 10-GeV-class, channel-guided laser\u2013plasma accelerators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 255001 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.255001\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.255001\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.133.255001\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.255001\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024PhRvL.133y5001P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Matched%20guiding%20and%20controlled%20injection%20in%20dark-current-free%2C%2010-GeV-class%2C%20channel-guided%20laser%E2%80%93plasma%20accelerators&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.133.255001&amp;volume=133&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Picksley%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Rockafellow, E. et al. High charge laser acceleration of electrons to 10 GeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 1077, 170586 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.nima.2025.170586\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.nima.2025.170586\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.nima.2025.170586\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.nima.2025.170586\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=High%20charge%20laser%20acceleration%20of%20electrons%20to%2010%20GeV&amp;journal=Nucl.%20Instrum.%20Methods%20Phys.%20Res.%20A&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.nima.2025.170586&amp;volume=1077&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Rockafellow%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Sainte-Marie, A., Gobert, O. &amp; Quere, F. Controlling the velocity of ultrashort light pulses in vacuum through spatio-temporal couplings. Optica 4, 1298\u20131304 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.001298\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.001298\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOPTICA.4.001298\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.001298\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017Optic...4.1298S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Controlling%20the%20velocity%20of%20ultrashort%20light%20pulses%20in%20vacuum%20through%20spatio-temporal%20couplings&amp;journal=Optica&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOPTICA.4.001298&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=1298-1304&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Sainte-Marie%2CA&amp;author=Gobert%2CO&amp;author=Quere%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Froula, D. H. et al. Spatiotemporal control of laser intensity. Nat. Photon. 12, 262\u2013265 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41566-018-0121-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41566-018-0121-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41566-018-0121-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41566-018-0121-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018NaPho..12..262F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spatiotemporal%20control%20of%20laser%20intensity&amp;journal=Nat.%20Photon.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41566-018-0121-8&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=262-265&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Froula%2CDH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Palastro, J. et al. Dephasingless laser wakefield acceleration. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 134802 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.124.134802\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.124.134802\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.124.134802\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.124.134802\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020PhRvL.124m4802P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dephasingless%20laser%20wakefield%20acceleration&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.124.134802&amp;volume=124&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Palastro%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Palastro, J. et al. Laser\u2013plasma acceleration beyond wave breaking. Phys. Plasmas 28, 013109 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/5.0036627\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/5.0036627\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F5.0036627\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/5.0036627\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021PhPl...28a3109P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Laser%E2%80%93plasma%20acceleration%20beyond%20wave%20breaking&amp;journal=Phys.%20Plasmas&amp;doi=10.1063%2F5.0036627&amp;volume=28&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Palastro%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Caizergues, C., Smartsev, S., Malka, V. &amp; Thaury, C. Phase-locked laser-wakefield electron acceleration. Nat. Photon. 14, 475\u2013479 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41566-020-0657-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41566-020-0657-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41566-020-0657-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41566-020-0657-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020NaPho..14..475C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Phase-locked%20laser-wakefield%20electron%20acceleration&amp;journal=Nat.%20Photon.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41566-020-0657-2&amp;volume=14&amp;pages=475-479&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Caizergues%2CC&amp;author=Smartsev%2CS&amp;author=Malka%2CV&amp;author=Thaury%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Pigeon, J. J. et al. Ultrabroadband flying-focus using an axiparabola\u2013echelon pair. Opt. Express 32, 576\u2013585 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OE.506112\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OE.506112\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOE.506112\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OE.506112\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024OExpr..32..576P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 35\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ultrabroadband%20flying-focus%20using%20an%20axiparabola%E2%80%93echelon%20pair&amp;journal=Opt.%20Express&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOE.506112&amp;volume=32&amp;pages=576-585&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Pigeon%2CJJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Ambat, M. V. et al. Programmable-trajectory ultrafast flying focus pulses. Opt. Express 31, 31354\u201331368 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OE.499839\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OE.499839\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOE.499839\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OE.499839\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023OExpr..3131354A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Programmable-trajectory%20ultrafast%20flying%20focus%20pulses&amp;journal=Opt.%20Express&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOE.499839&amp;volume=31&amp;pages=31354-31368&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Ambat%2CMV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Martins, S. F., Fonseca, R., Lu, W., Mori, W. B. &amp; Silva, L. Exploring laser-wakefield-accelerator regimes for near-term lasers using particle-in-cell simulation in Lorentz-boosted frames. Nat. Phys. 6, 311\u2013316 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nphys1538\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nphys1538\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnphys1538\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nphys1538\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Exploring%20laser-wakefield-accelerator%20regimes%20for%20near-term%20lasers%20using%20particle-in-cell%20simulation%20in%20Lorentz-boosted%20frames&amp;journal=Nat.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnphys1538&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=311-316&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Martins%2CSF&amp;author=Fonseca%2CR&amp;author=Lu%2CW&amp;author=Mori%2CWB&amp;author=Silva%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Miller, K. G. et al. Dephasingless laser wakefield acceleration in the bubble regime. Sci. Rep. 13, 21306 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41598-023-48249-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41598-023-48249-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-023-48249-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41598-023-48249-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatSR..1321306M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dephasingless%20laser%20wakefield%20acceleration%20in%20the%20bubble%20regime&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-023-48249-4&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Miller%2CKG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Bromage, J. et al. Technology development for ultraintense all-OPCPA systems. High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 7, e4 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/hpl.2018.64\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/hpl.2018.64\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2Fhpl.2018.64\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/hpl.2018.64\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Technology%20development%20for%20ultraintense%20all-OPCPA%20systems&amp;journal=High%20Power%20Laser%20Sci.%20Eng.&amp;doi=10.1017%2Fhpl.2018.64&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Bromage%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Buck, S., Oliveira, P., Angelides, T. &amp; Galimberti, M. A review of optical parametric amplification at the Vulcan Laser Facility. Photonics 11, 495 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/photonics11060495\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/photonics11060495\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fphotonics11060495\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/photonics11060495\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20review%20of%20optical%20parametric%20amplification%20at%20the%20Vulcan%20Laser%20Facility&amp;journal=Photonics&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fphotonics11060495&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Buck%2CS&amp;author=Oliveira%2CP&amp;author=Angelides%2CT&amp;author=Galimberti%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Wang, X. et al. 13.4 fs, 0.1 Hz OPCPA front end for the 100 PW-class laser facility. Ultrafast Sci. 9894358 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Vranic, M., Klimo, O., Korn, G. &amp; Weber, S. Multi-GeV electron\u2013positron beam generation from laser-electron scattering. Sci. Rep. 8, 4702 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41598-018-23126-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41598-018-23126-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-018-23126-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41598-018-23126-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018NatSR...8.4702V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multi-GeV%20electron%E2%80%93positron%20beam%20generation%20from%20laser-electron%20scattering&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-018-23126-7&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Vranic%2CM&amp;author=Klimo%2CO&amp;author=Korn%2CG&amp;author=Weber%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Streeter, M. et al. Narrow bandwidth, low-emittance positron beams from a laser-wakefield accelerator. Sci. Rep. 14, 6001 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41598-024-56281-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41598-024-56281-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-024-56281-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41598-024-56281-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024NatSR..14.6001S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Narrow%20bandwidth%2C%20low-emittance%20positron%20beams%20from%20a%20laser-wakefield%20accelerator&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-024-56281-1&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Streeter%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Terzani, D. et al. Measurement of directional muon beams generated at the Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 28, 103401 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/kxjr-h7zs\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/kxjr-h7zs\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2Fkxjr-h7zs\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/kxjr-h7zs\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025PhRvS..28j3401T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Measurement%20of%20directional%20muon%20beams%20generated%20at%20the%20Berkeley%20Lab%20Laser%20Accelerator&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Accel.%20Beams&amp;doi=10.1103%2Fkxjr-h7zs&amp;volume=28&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Terzani%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Magnusson, J. et al. Laser-particle collider for multi-GeV photon production. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 254801 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.254801\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.254801\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.122.254801\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.254801\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019PhRvL.122y4801M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Laser-particle%20collider%20for%20multi-GeV%20photon%20production&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.122.254801&amp;volume=122&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Magnusson%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Bula, C. et al. Observation of nonlinear effects in Compton scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3116\u20133119 (1996).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.76.3116\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.76.3116\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.76.3116\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.76.3116\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1996PhRvL..76.3116B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20nonlinear%20effects%20in%20Compton%20scattering&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.76.3116&amp;volume=76&amp;pages=3116-3119&amp;publication_year=1996&amp;author=Bula%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Burke, D. et al. Positron production in multiphoton light-by-light scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1626\u20131629 (1997).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.79.1626\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.79.1626\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.79.1626\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.79.1626\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1997PhRvL..79.1626B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Positron%20production%20in%20multiphoton%20light-by-light%20scattering&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.79.1626&amp;volume=79&amp;pages=1626-1629&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Burke%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Cole, J. et al. Experimental evidence of radiation reaction in the collision of a high-intensity laser pulse with a laser-wakefield accelerated electron beam. Phys. Rev. X 8, 011020 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Experimental%20evidence%20of%20radiation%20reaction%20in%20the%20collision%20of%20a%20high-intensity%20laser%20pulse%20with%20a%20laser-wakefield%20accelerated%20electron%20beam&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20X&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Cole%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Poder, K. et al. Experimental signatures of the quantum nature of radiation reaction in the field of an ultraintense laser. Phys. Rev. X 8, 031004 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Experimental%20signatures%20of%20the%20quantum%20nature%20of%20radiation%20reaction%20in%20the%20field%20of%20an%20ultraintense%20laser&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20X&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Poder%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Yakimenko, V. et al. Prospect of studying nonperturbative QED with beam\u2013beam collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 190404 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.190404\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.190404\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.122.190404\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.190404\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019PhRvL.122s0404Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Prospect%20of%20studying%20nonperturbative%20QED%20with%20beam%E2%80%93beam%20collisions&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.122.190404&amp;volume=122&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Yakimenko%2CV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Di Piazza, A., Willingale, L. &amp; Zuegel, J. Multi-petawatt physics prioritization (MP3) workshop report. Preprint at <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.13187\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.13187\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.13187<\/a> (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Smartsev, S. et al. Axiparabola: a long-focal-depth, high-resolution mirror for broadband high-intensity lasers. Opt. Lett. 44, 3414\u20133417 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OL.44.003414\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OL.44.003414\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOL.44.003414\" aria-label=\"Article reference 52\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OL.44.003414\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019OptL...44.3414S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Axiparabola%3A%20a%20long-focal-depth%2C%20high-resolution%20mirror%20for%20broadband%20high-intensity%20lasers&amp;journal=Opt.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOL.44.003414&amp;volume=44&amp;pages=3414-3417&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Smartsev%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Geng, P.-F. et al. Propagation of axiparabola-focused laser pulses in uniform plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 29, 112301 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/5.0109643\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/5.0109643\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F5.0109643\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/5.0109643\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022PhPl...29k2301G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Propagation%20of%20axiparabola-focused%20laser%20pulses%20in%20uniform%20plasmas&amp;journal=Phys.%20Plasmas&amp;doi=10.1063%2F5.0109643&amp;volume=29&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Geng%2CP-F\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Liberman, A. et al. Direct observation of a wakefield generated with structured light. Nat. Commun. 16, 10957 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-025-66056-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-025-66056-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-025-66056-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-025-66056-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025NatCo..1610957L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 54\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Direct%20observation%20of%20a%20wakefield%20generated%20with%20structured%20light&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-025-66056-5&amp;volume=16&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Liberman%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Liberman, A., Golovanov, A., Tata, S., Talposi, A.-M. &amp; Malka, V. Probing flying-focus wakefields. Rep. Prog. Phys. 89, 038501 (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae4ff0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae4ff0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F1361-6633%2Fae4ff0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/1361-6633\/ae4ff0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2026RPPh...89c8501L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Probing%20flying-focus%20wakefields&amp;journal=Rep.%20Prog.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F1361-6633%2Fae4ff0&amp;volume=89&amp;publication_year=2026&amp;author=Liberman%2CA&amp;author=Golovanov%2CA&amp;author=Tata%2CS&amp;author=Talposi%2CA-M&amp;author=Malka%2CV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Chen, M., Sheng, Z.-M., Ma, Y.-Y. &amp; Zhang, J. Electron injection and trapping in a laser wakefield by field ionization to high-charge states of gases. J. Appl. Phys. 99, 056109 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/1.2179194\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/1.2179194\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F1.2179194\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/1.2179194\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2006JAP....99e6109C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Electron%20injection%20and%20trapping%20in%20a%20laser%20wakefield%20by%20field%20ionization%20to%20high-charge%20states%20of%20gases&amp;journal=J.%20Appl.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F1.2179194&amp;volume=99&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Chen%2CM&amp;author=Sheng%2CZ-M&amp;author=Ma%2CY-Y&amp;author=Zhang%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Pak, A. et al. Injection and trapping of tunnel-ionized electrons into laser-produced wakes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 025003 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.025003\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.025003\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.104.025003\" aria-label=\"Article reference 57\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.025003\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2010PhRvL.104b5003P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Injection%20and%20trapping%20of%20tunnel-ionized%20electrons%20into%20laser-produced%20wakes&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.104.025003&amp;volume=104&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Pak%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">McGuffey, C. et al. Ionization induced trapping in a laser wakefield accelerator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 025004 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.025004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.025004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.104.025004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.025004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2010PhRvL.104b5004M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ionization%20induced%20trapping%20in%20a%20laser%20wakefield%20accelerator&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.104.025004&amp;volume=104&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=McGuffey%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Fonseca, R. A. et al. Osiris: a three-dimensional, fully relativistic particle in cell code for modeling plasma based accelerators. In Proc. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 2331 (eds Sloot, P. M. A. et al.) 342\u2013351 (Springer, 2002).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Davidson, A. et al. Implementation of a hybrid particle code with a PIC description in r\u2013z and a gridless description in \u03d5 into OSIRIS. J. Comput. Phys. 281, 1063\u20131077 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jcp.2014.10.064\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jcp.2014.10.064\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jcp.2014.10.064\" aria-label=\"Article reference 60\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jcp.2014.10.064\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015JCoPh.281.1063D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"mathscinet reference\" data-track-action=\"mathscinet reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet-getitem?mr=3282008\" aria-label=\"MathSciNet reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 60\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Implementation%20of%20a%20hybrid%20particle%20code%20with%20a%20PIC%20description%20in%20r%E2%80%93z%20and%20a%20gridless%20description%20in%20%CF%95%20into%20OSIRIS&amp;journal=J.%20Comput.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jcp.2014.10.064&amp;volume=281&amp;pages=1063-1077&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Davidson%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Couperus, J. et al. Demonstration of a beam loaded nanocoulomb-class laser wakefield accelerator. Nat. Commun. 8, 487 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-017-00592-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-017-00592-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-017-00592-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 61\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-017-00592-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017NatCo...8..487C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Demonstration%20of%20a%20beam%20loaded%20nanocoulomb-class%20laser%20wakefield%20accelerator&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-017-00592-7&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Couperus%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Kirchen, M. et al. Optimal beam loading in a laser\u2013plasma accelerator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 174801 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.174801\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.174801\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.126.174801\" aria-label=\"Article reference 62\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.174801\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021PhRvL.126q4801K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 62\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 62\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Optimal%20beam%20loading%20in%20a%20laser%E2%80%93plasma%20accelerator&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.126.174801&amp;volume=126&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Kirchen%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Drobniak, P. et al. Validation of a compact and tunable continuous gas-flow laser\u2013plasma target for electron beam production above 150 MeV. Appl. Sci. 16, 2312 (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/app16052312\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/app16052312\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fapp16052312\" aria-label=\"Article reference 63\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/app16052312\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Validation%20of%20a%20compact%20and%20tunable%20continuous%20gas-flow%20laser%E2%80%93plasma%20target%20for%20electron%20beam%20production%20above%20150%20MeV&amp;journal=Appl.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3390%2Fapp16052312&amp;volume=16&amp;publication_year=2026&amp;author=Drobniak%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Tzoufras, M. et al. Beam loading in the nonlinear regime of plasma-based acceleration. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 145002 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.145002\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.145002\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.101.145002\" aria-label=\"Article reference 64\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.145002\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2008PhRvL.101n5002T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 64\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Beam%20loading%20in%20the%20nonlinear%20regime%20of%20plasma-based%20acceleration&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.101.145002&amp;volume=101&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Tzoufras%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Shaw, J. L. et al. Path to a single-stage, 100-GeV electron beam via a flying-focus-driven laser\u2013plasma accelerator. Phys. Plasmas 32, 083107 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/5.0274780\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/5.0274780\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F5.0274780\" aria-label=\"Article reference 65\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/5.0274780\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025PhPl...32h3107S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 65\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Path%20to%20a%20single-stage%2C%20100-GeV%20electron%20beam%20via%20a%20flying-focus-driven%20laser%E2%80%93plasma%20accelerator&amp;journal=Phys.%20Plasmas&amp;doi=10.1063%2F5.0274780&amp;volume=32&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Shaw%2CJL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Piccardo, M. et al. Trends in relativistic laser\u2013matter interaction: the promises of structured light. Optica 12, 732\u2013752 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OPTICA.558754\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OPTICA.558754\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOPTICA.558754\" aria-label=\"Article reference 66\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OPTICA.558754\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025Optic..12..732P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Trends%20in%20relativistic%20laser%E2%80%93matter%20interaction%3A%20the%20promises%20of%20structured%20light&amp;journal=Optica&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOPTICA.558754&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=732-752&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Piccardo%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Howard, A. J. et al. Photon acceleration in a flying focus. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 124801 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.124801\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.124801\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.123.124801\" aria-label=\"Article reference 67\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.124801\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019PhRvL.123l4801H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 67\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Photon%20acceleration%20in%20a%20flying%20focus&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.123.124801&amp;volume=123&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Howard%2CAJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Ramsey, D., Franke, P., Simpson, T. T., Froula, D. H. &amp; Palastro, J. P. Vacuum acceleration of electrons in a dynamic laser pulse. Phys. Rev. E 102, 043207 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.102.043207\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.102.043207\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevE.102.043207\" aria-label=\"Article reference 68\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.102.043207\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020PhRvE.102d3207R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 68\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 68\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Vacuum%20acceleration%20of%20electrons%20in%20a%20dynamic%20laser%20pulse&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20E&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevE.102.043207&amp;volume=102&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Ramsey%2CD&amp;author=Franke%2CP&amp;author=Simpson%2CTT&amp;author=Froula%2CDH&amp;author=Palastro%2CJP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Ramsey, D. et al. Nonlinear thomson scattering with ponderomotive control. Phys. Rev. E 105, 065201 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.105.065201\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.105.065201\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevE.105.065201\" aria-label=\"Article reference 69\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevE.105.065201\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022PhRvE.105f5201R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 69\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 69\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nonlinear%20thomson%20scattering%20with%20ponderomotive%20control&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20E&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevE.105.065201&amp;volume=105&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Ramsey%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Ye, H. et al. Enhanced thomson scattering X-ray sources with flying focus laser pulse. AIP Adv. 13, 035330 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/5.0130819\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/5.0130819\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F5.0130819\" aria-label=\"Article reference 70\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/5.0130819\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023AIPA...13c5330Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 70\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 70\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Enhanced%20thomson%20scattering%20X-ray%20sources%20with%20flying%20focus%20laser%20pulse&amp;journal=AIP%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F5.0130819&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Ye%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Formanek, M., Ramsey, D., Palastro, J. P. &amp; Di Piazza, A. Radiation reaction enhancement in flying focus pulses. Phys. Rev. A 105, L020203 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.105.L020203\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.105.L020203\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevA.105.L020203\" aria-label=\"Article reference 71\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.105.L020203\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022PhRvA.105b0203F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 71\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Radiation%20reaction%20enhancement%20in%20flying%20focus%20pulses&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20A&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevA.105.L020203&amp;volume=105&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Formanek%2CM&amp;author=Ramsey%2CD&amp;author=Palastro%2CJP&amp;author=Piazza%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Formanek, M., Palastro, J. P., Ramsey, D., Weber, S. &amp; Di Piazza, A. Signatures of vacuum birefringence in low-power flying focus pulses. Phys. Rev. D 109, 056009 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevD.109.056009\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevD.109.056009\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.109.056009\" aria-label=\"Article reference 72\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevD.109.056009\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024PhRvD.109e6009F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 72\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 72\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Signatures%20of%20vacuum%20birefringence%20in%20low-power%20flying%20focus%20pulses&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20D&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevD.109.056009&amp;volume=109&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Formanek%2CM&amp;author=Palastro%2CJP&amp;author=Ramsey%2CD&amp;author=Weber%2CS&amp;author=Piazza%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Blum, P. et al. Programmable focal elongation and shaping of high-intensity laser pulses using adaptive optics. Opt. Lett. 51, 9\u201312 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OL.579664\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OL.579664\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOL.579664\" aria-label=\"Article reference 73\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OL.579664\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2026OptL...51....9B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 73\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 73\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Programmable%20focal%20elongation%20and%20shaping%20of%20high-intensity%20laser%20pulses%20using%20adaptive%20optics&amp;journal=Opt.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOL.579664&amp;volume=51&amp;pages=9-12&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Blum%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">Markland, H. et al. Rapidly tunable ultrabroadband flying focus using adaptive optics and an axiparabola. Opt. Lett. 51, 676\u2013679 (2026).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OL.585270\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OL.585270\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOL.585270\" aria-label=\"Article reference 74\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OL.585270\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2026OptL...51..676M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 74\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 74\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Rapidly%20tunable%20ultrabroadband%20flying%20focus%20using%20adaptive%20optics%20and%20an%20axiparabola&amp;journal=Opt.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOL.585270&amp;volume=51&amp;pages=676-679&amp;publication_year=2026&amp;author=Markland%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR75\">Shaw, J. L., Vafaei-Najafabadi, N., Marsh, K. A. &amp; Joshi, C. Technique for determining the maximum energy of a dispersed electron beam from laser wakefield accelerators. In Proc. PAC2013 162\u2013164 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR76\">Bromage, J. et al. MTW-OPAL: a technology development platform for ultra-intense optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification systems. High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 9, e63 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/hpl.2021.45\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/hpl.2021.45\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2Fhpl.2021.45\" aria-label=\"Article reference 76\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/hpl.2021.45\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 76\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=MTW-OPAL%3A%20a%20technology%20development%20platform%20for%20ultra-intense%20optical%20parametric%20chirped-pulse%20amplification%20systems&amp;journal=High%20Power%20Laser%20Sci.%20Eng.&amp;doi=10.1017%2Fhpl.2021.45&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Bromage%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR77\">Begishev, I. A. et al. Advanced laser development and plasma-physics studies on the multiterawatt laser. Appl. Opt. 60, 11104\u201311124 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/AO.443548\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/AO.443548\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FAO.443548\" aria-label=\"Article reference 77\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/AO.443548\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021ApOpt..6011104B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 77\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 77\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Advanced%20laser%20development%20and%20plasma-physics%20studies%20on%20the%20multiterawatt%20laser&amp;journal=Appl.%20Opt.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FAO.443548&amp;volume=60&amp;pages=11104-11124&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Begishev%2CIA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR78\">Iaconis, C. &amp; Walmsley, I. A. Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction of ultrashort optical pulses. Opt. Lett. 23, 792\u2013794 (1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OL.23.000792\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OL.23.000792\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOL.23.000792\" aria-label=\"Article reference 78\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OL.23.000792\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1998OptL...23..792I\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 78\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 78\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spectral%20phase%20interferometry%20for%20direct%20electric-field%20reconstruction%20of%20ultrashort%20optical%20pulses&amp;journal=Opt.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOL.23.000792&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=792-794&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=Iaconis%2CC&amp;author=Walmsley%2CIA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR79\">Ambat, M. V., Settle, I. A., Shamlian, J., Boni, R. &amp; Shaw, J. L. Assessment of errors in analytic modeling of permanent magnet electron spectrometers for laser\u2013plasma accelerators. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 96, 123303 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/5.0281827\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/5.0281827\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F5.0281827\" aria-label=\"Article reference 79\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/5.0281827\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025RScI...96l3303A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 79\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 79\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Assessment%20of%20errors%20in%20analytic%20modeling%20of%20permanent%20magnet%20electron%20spectrometers%20for%20laser%E2%80%93plasma%20accelerators&amp;journal=Rev.%20Sci.%20Instrum.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F5.0281827&amp;volume=96&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Ambat%2CMV&amp;author=Settle%2CIA&amp;author=Shamlian%2CJ&amp;author=Boni%2CR&amp;author=Shaw%2CJL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR80\">Boutoux, G. et al. Study of imaging plate detector sensitivity to 5\u201318 MeV electrons. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86, 113304 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/1.4936141\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/1.4936141\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F1.4936141\" aria-label=\"Article reference 80\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/1.4936141\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015RScI...86k3304B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 80\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 80\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Study%20of%20imaging%20plate%20detector%20sensitivity%20to%205%E2%80%9318%20MeV%20electrons&amp;journal=Rev.%20Sci.%20Instrum.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F1.4936141&amp;volume=86&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Boutoux%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR81\">Doria, D. et al. Calibration of BAS-TR image plate response to high energy (3\u2013300 MeV) carbon ions. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86, 123302 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/1.4935582\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/1.4935582\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F1.4935582\" aria-label=\"Article reference 81\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/1.4935582\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015RScI...86l3302D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 81\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 81\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Calibration%20of%20BAS-TR%20image%20plate%20response%20to%20high%20energy%20%283%E2%80%93300%20MeV%29%20carbon%20ions&amp;journal=Rev.%20Sci.%20Instrum.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F1.4935582&amp;volume=86&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Doria%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR82\">Bonnet, T. et al. Response functions of imaging plates to photons, electrons and 4He particles. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 103510 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/1.4826084\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/1.4826084\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F1.4826084\" aria-label=\"Article reference 82\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/1.4826084\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013RScI...84j3510B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 82\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 82\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Response%20functions%20of%20imaging%20plates%20to%20photons%2C%20electrons%20and%204He%20particles&amp;journal=Rev.%20Sci.%20Instrum.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F1.4826084&amp;volume=84&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Bonnet%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR83\">Fonseca, R. A. et al. Exploiting multi-scale parallelism for large scale numerical modelling of laser wakefield accelerators. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 55, 124011 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/0741-3335\/55\/12\/124011\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/0741-3335\/55\/12\/124011\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F0741-3335%2F55%2F12%2F124011\" aria-label=\"Article reference 83\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/0741-3335\/55\/12\/124011\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013PPCF...55l4011F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 83\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 83\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Exploiting%20multi-scale%20parallelism%20for%20large%20scale%20numerical%20modelling%20of%20laser%20wakefield%20accelerators&amp;journal=Plasma%20Phys.%20Control.%20Fusion&amp;doi=10.1088%2F0741-3335%2F55%2F12%2F124011&amp;volume=55&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Fonseca%2CRA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR84\">Li, F. et al. A new field solver for modeling of relativistic particle-laser interactions using the particle-in-cell algorithm. Comput. Phys. Commun. 258, 107580 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.cpc.2020.107580\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.cpc.2020.107580\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.cpc.2020.107580\" aria-label=\"Article reference 84\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.cpc.2020.107580\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"mathscinet reference\" data-track-action=\"mathscinet reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet-getitem?mr=4150325\" aria-label=\"MathSciNet reference 84\" target=\"_blank\">MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 84\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20new%20field%20solver%20for%20modeling%20of%20relativistic%20particle-laser%20interactions%20using%20the%20particle-in-cell%20algorithm&amp;journal=Comput.%20Phys.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.cpc.2020.107580&amp;volume=258&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Li%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR85\">Miller, K. G. et al. Accurate simulation of direct laser acceleration in a laser wakefield accelerator. Phys. Plasmas 30, 073902 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/5.0152383\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/5.0152383\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F5.0152383\" aria-label=\"Article reference 85\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/5.0152383\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023PhPl...30g3902M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 85\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 85\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Accurate%20simulation%20of%20direct%20laser%20acceleration%20in%20a%20laser%20wakefield%20accelerator&amp;journal=Phys.%20Plasmas&amp;doi=10.1063%2F5.0152383&amp;volume=30&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Miller%2CKG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR86\">Palastro, J. P. et al. Ionization waves of arbitrary velocity driven by a flying focus. Phys. Rev. A 97, 033835 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.97.033835\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.97.033835\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevA.97.033835\" aria-label=\"Article reference 86\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.97.033835\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018PhRvA..97c3835P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 86\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 86\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ionization%20waves%20of%20arbitrary%20velocity%20driven%20by%20a%20flying%20focus&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20A&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevA.97.033835&amp;volume=97&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Palastro%2CJP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Tajima, T. &amp; Dawson, J. M. Laser electron accelerator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 267\u2013270 (1979). Article\u00a0 ADS\u00a0 Google&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":756469,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[2362,2361,2366,2365,37795,257,2360,2363,2364,199,324061,79,2359],"class_list":["post-756468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-physics","tag-atomic","tag-classical-and-continuum-physics","tag-complex-systems","tag-condensed-matter-physics","tag-experimental-particle-physics","tag-general","tag-mathematical-and-computational-physics","tag-molecular","tag-optical-and-plasma-physics","tag-physics","tag-plasma-based-accelerators","tag-science","tag-theoretical"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=756468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/756468\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/756469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=756468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=756468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=756468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}