Weinberg, S. Cosmology (Oxford Univ. Press, 2008).
Aghanim, N. et al. Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods. Astron. Astrophys. 641, A5 (2020).
Geller, M. J. & Huchra, J. P. Mapping the universe. Science 246, 897–903 (1989).
Gott, J. R. III et al. A map of the universe. Astrophys. J. 624, 463–484 (2005).
Tully, R. B., Courtois, H., Hoffman, Y. & Pomaréde, D. The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies. Nature 513, 71–73 (2014).
Valade, A. et al. Identification of basins of attraction in the local Universe. Nat. Astron. 8, 1610–1616 (2024).
Sylos Labini, F. & Antal, T. Large-scale galaxy correlations from the DESI first data release. Astron. Astrophys. 707, A254 (2026).
Keenan, R. C., Barger, A. J. & Cowie, L. L. Evidence for a ∼300 megaparsec scale under-density in the local galaxy distribution. Astrophys. J. 775, 62 (2013).
Secrest, N. J., von Hausegger, S., Rameez, M., Mohayaee, R. & Sarkar, S. A challenge to the standard cosmological model. Astrophys. J. Lett. 937, L31 (2022).
Sylos Labini, F. Hidden role of anisotropies in shaping structure formation in cosmological N-body simulations. Phys. Rev. D 113, 023510 (2026).
De Lapparent, V., Geller, M. J. & Huchra, J. P. A slice of the universe. Astrophys. J. Lett. 302, L1–L5 (1986).
Kochanek, C. S. et al. Clusters of galaxies in the local universe. Astrophys. J. 585, 161–181 (2003).
Drinkwater, M. J. et al. The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: survey design and first data release. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 401, 1429–1452 (2010).
Peebles, P. J. E. The Large-scale Structure of the Universe (Princeton Univ. Press, 1980).
Oliveira-Costa, A., Tegmark, M., Zaldarriaga, M. & Hamilton, A. Significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP. Phys. Rev. D 69, 063516 (2004).
Hansen, F. K., Banday, A. J. & Górski, K. M. Testing the cosmological principle of isotropy: local power-spectrum estimates of the WMAP data. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 354, 641–665 (2004).
Copi, C. J., Huterer, D., Schwarz, D. J. & Starkman, G. D. Large-angle anomalies in the CMB. Adv. Astron. 2010, 847541 (2010).
Migkas, K. et al. Probing cosmic isotropy with a new X-ray galaxy cluster sample through the LX–T scaling relation. Astron. Astrophys. 636, A15 (2020).
Secrest, N. J. et al. A test of the cosmological principle with quasars. Astrophys. J. Lett. 908, L51 (2021).
Aluri, P. K. et al. Is the observable Universe consistent with the cosmological principle? Class. Quantum Grav. 40, 094001 (2023).
Sorrenti, F., Durrer, R. & Kunz, M. The dipole of the Pantheon+SH0ES data. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2023, 054 (2023).
Land-Strykowski, M., Lewis, G. F. & Murphy, T. Cosmic dipole tensions: confronting the cosmic microwave background with infrared and radio populations of cosmological sources. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 543, 3229–3241 (2025).
Watkins, R. et al. Analysing the large-scale bulk flow using cosmicflows4: increasing tension with the standard cosmological model. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 524, 1885–1892 (2023).
Courtois, H. M., Mould, J., Hollinger, A. M., Dupuy, A. & Zhang, C. P. In search of the Local Universe dynamical homogeneity scale with CF4++ peculiar velocities. Astron. Astrophys. 701, A187 (2025).
Huchra, J. P. & Geller, M. J. Groups of galaxies. I. Nearby groups. Astrophys. J. 257, 423–437 (1982).
Davis, M. et al. The evolution of large-scale structure in a universe dominated by cold dark matter. Astrophys. J. 292, 371–394 (1985).
Hahn, O. et al. Properties of dark matter haloes in clusters, filaments, sheets and voids. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 375, 489–499 (2007).
Hoffman, Y. et al. A kinematic classification of the cosmic web. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 425, 2049–2057 (2012).
Aragòn-Calvo, M. A. et al. The multiscale morphology filter: identifying and extracting spatial patterns in the galaxy distribution. Astron. Astrophys. 474, 315–338 (2007).
van de Weygaert, R. & Schaap, W. in Data Analysis in Cosmology (eds Martinez, V., Saar, E., Gonzales, E. & Pons-Borderia, M.) 291–413 (Springer, 2008).
Cautun, M., Weygaert, R. & Jones, B. J. T. NEXUS: tracing the cosmic web connection. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 429, 1286–1308 (2012).
Sousbie, T. The persistent cosmic web and its filamentary structure – I. Theory and implementation. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 414, 350–383 (2011).
Tempel, E. et al. Galaxy filaments as pearl necklaces. Astron. Astrophys. 572, A8 (2014).
Bonnaire, T., Aghanim, N., Decelle, A. & Douspis, M. T-ReX: a graph-based filament detection method. Astron. Astrophys. 637, A18 (2020).
Pimbblet, K. A., Edge, A. C. & Couch, W. J. Discovery of a large-scale wall in the direction of Abell 22. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Lett. 357, L45–L49 (2005).
Pandey, B. et al. The size of the longest filament in the luminous red galaxy distribution. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 411, 332–336 (2010).
Liivamägi, L. J., Tempel, E. & Saar, E. SDSS DR7 superclusters. The catalogues. Astron. Astrophys. 539, A80 (2012).
Tanimura, H., Aghanim, N., Kolodzig, A., Douspis, M. & Malavasi, N. First detection of stacked X-ray emission from cosmic web filaments. Astron. Astrophys. 643, L2 (2020).
Lopez, A. M., Clowes, R. G. & Williger, G. M. A Big Ring on the sky. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07, 055 (2024).
Sawala, T. et al. The emperor’s new arc: gigaparsec patterns abound in a ΛCDM universe. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. Lett. 541, L22–L27 (2025).
Hahn, C. et al. The DESI Bright Galaxy Survey: final target selection, design, and validation. Astron. J. 165, 253 (2023).
Abdul-Karim, M. et al. Data Release 1 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. Astron. J. 171, 285 (2026).
Gabrielli, A., Joyce, M. & Sylos Labini, F. Glass-like universe: real-space correlation properties of standard cosmological models. Phys. Rev. D 65, 083523 (2002).
Maartens, R. Is the universe homogeneous? Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 369, 5115–5137 (2011).
Bolejko, K., Krasiński, A., Hellaby, C. & Célérier, M.-N. Structures in the Universe by Exact Methods: Formation, Evolution, Interactions (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009).
Tulin, S. & Yu, H.-B. Dark matter self-interactions and small scale structure. Phys. Rep. 730, 1–57 (2018).
Buchert, T. & Räsänen, S. Backreaction in late-time cosmology. Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 62, 57–79 (2012).
Adame, A. G. et al. DESI 2024 III: baryon acoustic oscillations from galaxies and quasars. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 04, 012 (2025).
Davis, M. & Huchra, J. A survey of galaxy redshifts. III. The density field and the induced gravity field. Astrophys. J. 254, 437–450 (1982).
Zehavi, I. et al. Galaxy clustering in the completed SDSS redshift survey: the dependence on color and luminosity. Astrophys. J. 73, 59 (2011).
Diemer, B. The splashback radius of halos from particle dynamics. III. Halo catalogs, merger trees, and host–subhalo relations. Astrophys. J. 251, 17 (2020).
Rubin, D. B. The Bayesian bootstrap. Ann. Stat. 9, 130–134 (1981).
Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R. J. An Introduction to the Bootstrap (Chapman and Hall/CRC, 1994).
Kaiser, N. Clustering in real space and in redshift space. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 227, 1–21 (1987).
Hamilton, A. J. S. in The Evolving Universe (ed. Hamilton, D.) 185–275 (Springer, 1998).
Percival, W. J. & White, M. Testing cosmological structure formation using redshift-space distortions. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 393, 297–308 (2009).
Sylos Labini, F. Detection of anisotropic cosmic structures on a gigaparsec scale: galaxy samples. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20118015 (2026).