I was recently reading a French philosophy paper about fitness trackers (as one does) that compared the experience of the modern-day athlete to that of a gamer. With a heavy nod to Sartre, the authors conclude that our current normal of tracking every aspect of our physical performance has caused a new dualism to emerge that is “no longer that of the soul and the body, but of the soul and the human-machine interface.”
They’re not wrong.
And this made me wonder: are we as cyclists loosing our ability to tell how hard we’re riding without the direction of a digital device? Are we outsourcing the interpretation of our internal physical experience to something strapped to our body or attached to our bike? What are we missing out on by riding this way? And is there an alternative?
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Luckily, there’s a powerful (and free!) alternative to the deluge of digital performance data called rate of perceived exertion, or RPE. In fact, I ask the training clients I work with to train without a wearable on a regular basis to keep their RPE-skill sharp and their “data sensing” abilities strong.
If you don’t have a power meter, or you just need a break from numbers telling you how to ride, RPE is the most accessible training tool you already own. It’s simply how hard a ride feels, scaled into a consistent framework.
Used well, RPE helps you pace intervals, balance training stress, and make smart training decisions on days when power and heart rate numbers don’t reflect the full picture or the data’s missing. Here’s how to use RPE like a coach in your own head.
What RPE Actually Is (And Why It Matters)
RPE is a subjective score—usually on a 1-10 scale—that reflects how hard an effort feels. It combines breathing, muscle burn, cadence, mental strain, and overall fatigue into a single gut reaction. Power measures output and heart rate tracks physiological response, but neither captures how “hard” something actually felt in the moment. RPE fills that gap and is especially useful when environmental factors (wind, hills, traffic) or equipment issues make objective metrics unreliable.
RPE Scale 1–2: Very easy. You could chat or ride all day (zone 1).3–4: Easy endurance. Conversational, slightly aerobic. (zone 2).5–6: Tempo. You can talk in short sentences, but it’s purposeful (zone 3).7: Threshold-ish. Hard to speak a whole sentence; uncomfortable but sustainable for a while (zone 4).8–9: VO2/anaerobic. Very hard, short efforts; talking stops (zone 5).10: All-out. Sprint, max effort, no more than a few seconds to a minute.
RPE does more than keep you on pace when your power meter dies or you’re having a no-tech day. It’s a direct path to developing a stronger mind-body connection on the bike rather than outsourcing all your riding decisions to numbers and a device. Over time this practice turns you from a passive reader of data into an active interpreter of what your body is actually telling you.
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You can cultivate this awareness deliberately. Start by calibrating your perceptions with a few anchor rides. On an easy day, identify what “effortless” feels like, and during a hard interval session, lock in the sensations of a max effort. Spend at least one ride a week practicing focused awareness: note how breathing changes, where fatigue shows up first, and how cadence affects perceived effort. Keep quick notes after workouts to track trends, and use simple breathing or body-scan practices off the bike to sharpen interoception so on-bike signals become clearer.
RPE isn’t flawless. It’s subjective and can be biased by mood, ego, or group dynamics, so it works best when balanced with occasional objective checks, like periodic FTP tests, power output in real time during rides, or physiological markers such as resting heart rate or HRV.
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Think of RPE as your ride’s reality check. When you have a power meter or heart-rate monitor, use the numbers to guide you–but use RPE to confirm whether today’s body agrees. If your workout calls for an 8/10 effort but your power is below target while you feel like an 8, don’t force the watts. Accept that you’re having an off day: cut one or two reps, shorten the intervals, or end the session a little early. That preserves the training stimulus without piling on stress.
On the flip side, if your power looks high but the effort feels easy, pause and ask why. Maybe you’ve got a tailwind, a downhill section, or a benign head-cold that’s masking effort. Riding by the numbers alone in that case risks piling up fatigue you didn’t intend. Either lower the target for those repeats, shorten the session, or stick with the plan but dial back future intensity so you don’t overcook.
In short, let the numbers inform you and let RPE decide whether to trust them. A useful habit for every ride: glance at the data, then ask, “How did that feel?” Use your answer to decide whether to continue, cut the session short, or adjust the next workout. That combination keeps training smart, safe, and more productive than blindly chasing watts or heart-rate targets.
Related StoryUsing RPE as a Training ToolCalibrating Your RPE: Anchor Rides and the Talk Test
RPE only works if you use it consistently, so take a few rides to calibrate your internal gauge. On an easy day pay attention to how effortless everything feels—that relaxed, chatty pace is your baseline RPE 2.
Then do a hard interval session and lock in what RPE 8-9 actually feels like by noting changes in your breathing, where the burn shows up in your legs, what cadence feels right, and how your focus changes.
A simple shortcut is the talk test: at RPE 2 you could sing, at RPE 4 you can speak in full sentences, at RPE 6-7 you’re down to short phrases, and at RPE 8 or above talking becomes nearly impossible. Do those anchors a few times in different conditions and your sense of effort will become a reliable guide.
If you have a power meter or HR monitor, compare numbers across similar sessions. Over a few weeks you’ll learn what, say, 300 watts feels like for a 20-minute effort versus a 3-minute interval. That internal map makes RPE workouts far more accurate.
Using RPE on Group Rides and in Bad Weather
Group rides are RPE bootcamp material. Instead of trying to hold a number, chase the feeling: hit the surges hard (RPE 8–9), recover on the flats (RPE 2–3), and don’t let social pressure force you to ride above your planned RPE. Same with bad-weather days—it’s better to match effort to intent than to blindly chase a power number that the wind or cold will skew.
When to Trust RPE—And When to Lean On Tech
Trust RPE for day-to-day training, especially when conditions vary or tech fails. If you’re chasing very specific targets, pair RPE with power/HR. Use RPE to decide whether to do the workout, and the numbers to fine-tune targets. In short: let RPE decide if today’s body is up for it; let power/HR confirm how hard you actually went.
Related StoryAvoiding Common Mistakes
A big trap is confusing effort with speed — don’t assume a fast-looking ride means you worked hard. Wind, descents, and tailwinds can trick your speedometer, so judge by how you feel rather than average speed alone.
Another common error is ignoring recovery signals; if an interval session feels markedly harder than usual at the same RPE, don’t grit your teeth and push through. Your perception is giving you useful information: poor sleep, stress, or a brewing illness might be dragging you down, and backing off will pay off in the long run.
Ego also eats good training plans alive. In group ride settings it’s tempting to chase every surge, but if your training program calls for an easy RPE 3 day, treating a social ride like a race will cost you later in fatigue and missed gains.
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Finally, don’t over-rely on RPE without calibrating it first. If you’re new to using perceived exertion as a training tool, spend a few weeks anchoring your sensations with the talk test and a handful of benchmark efforts so your internal gauge becomes reliable.
How to Know If Training Using RPE Is Working for You
You’ll see it in small, clear ways: intervals that felt brutal a month ago now feel like a solid 7; your recovery ride genuinely feels easy; and your explosive power or perceived pace improves. The beauty of RPE is its simplicity. It’s portable, free, and resilient when tech fails. Training using your RPE will help you ride smarter, recover better, and get fitter without letting numbers rule every ride.
Try it for eight weeks: calibrate with a few benchmark efforts, follow the weekly plan above, and track how workouts feel versus your progress. If you’re consistent, RPE will become your best on-bike coach.
Weekly Training Plan Using RPEMonday: Easy spin or rest—RPE 1-2. Keep it relaxed; the goal is to recover.Tuesday: VO2 session—warm up, then 5 x 3 minutes at RPE 8-9 with easy recovery until you feel back at RPE 2-3; cool down. Total time: 60-75 minutes.Wednesday: Recovery ride—45-60 minutes at RPE 1-3, conversational pace.Thursday: Threshold block—2 x 20 minutes at RPE 6-7 (a solid 7 by the end) with 10 minutes easy between; cool down. Total time: 75-90 minutes.Friday: Optional short efforts or rest—if you ride, do 4-6 x 30 seconds all-out (RPE 10) with long recoveries, or keep it a gentle spin (RPE 1-2).Saturday: Long endurance ride—2-3 hours at RPE 2-3 with a few short surges (RPE 7-8) to shake out the legs.Sunday: Group ride or tempo—Treat group ride surges as interval practice (hit RPE 7-9 on efforts, recover in between), or do a solo tempo ride at RPE 4-5 for 60-90 minutes.Related Stories
Natascha has been a NASM-certified personal trainer for over ten years, focusing on functional strength training and corrective exercise—which is a fancy way of saying her passion is teaching people how to move better, with more strength and less pain. She holds multiple certifications, including specializations in corrective exercise, stretching and flexibility, behavior change, nutrition and more. She’s also been into bikes for almost three decades, and has at various times been a bike mechanic, a frame builder’s apprentice, a grunt at a bike messenger company, a fitness studio owner, a Spin instructor and a few different things at a few different bike companies. These days, she’s one of Bicycling’s Health and Fitness editors.