Berry SD, Kiel DP, Colón-Emeric C. Hip fractures in older adults in 2019. JAMA. 2019;321(22):2231–2.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Cooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ 3. Hip fractures in the elderly: a world-wide projection. Osteoporos International: J Established as Result Cooperation between Eur Foundation Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Foundation USA. 1992;2(6):285–9.


Google Scholar 

Cummings SR, Rubin SM, Black D. The future of hip fractures in the united states. Numbers, costs, and potential effects of postmenopausal Estrogen. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;252:163–6.


Google Scholar 

Chiavarini M, Ricciotti GM, Genga A, Faggi MI, Rinaldi A, Toscano OD, D’Errico MM, Barbadoro P. Malnutrition-related health outcomes in older adults with hip fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071069.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Segal KR, Piana LE, Mujahid N, Mikolasko B, Kuris EO, Daniels AH, Katarincic JA. Advanced care planning for the orthopaedic patient. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2025;107(2):209–16.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Hong G, Zhong H, Illescas A, Reisinger L, Cozowicz C, Poeran J, Liu J, Memtsoudis SG. Trends in hip fracture surgery in the united States from 2016 to 2021: patient characteristics, clinical management, and outcomes. Br J Anaesth. 2024;133(5):955–64.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Buchner DM, Beresford SA, Larson EB, LaCroix AZ, Wagner EH. Effects of physical activity on health status in older adults. II. Intervention studies. Annu Rev Public Health. 1992;13:469–88.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Dyer SM, Crotty M, Fairhall N, Magaziner J, Beaupre LA, Cameron ID, Sherrington C. A critical review of the long-term disability outcomes following hip fracture. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):158.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Barkoukis H. Nutrition recommendations in elderly and aging. Med Clin North Am. 2016;100(6):1237–50.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Zheng Y, Wang K, Ou Y, Hu X, Wang Z, Wang D, Li X, Ren S. Prognostic value of a baseline prognostic nutritional index for patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2024;27(4):604–13.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Tsukagoshi M, Araki K, Igarashi T, Ishii N, Kawai S, Hagiwara K, Hoshino K, Seki T, Okuyama T, Fukushima R, et al. Lower geriatric nutritional risk index and prognostic nutritional index predict postoperative prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Nutrients. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070940.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Tao C, Hong W, Yin P, Wu S, Fan L, Lei Z, Yu Y. Nomogram based on body composition and prognostic nutritional index predicts survival after curative resection of gastric cancer. Acad Radiol. 2024;31(5):1940–9.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Keskinkilic M, Semiz HS, Ataca E, Yavuzsen T. The prognostic value of immune-nutritional status in metastatic colorectal cancer: prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Supportive Care Cancer: Official J Multinational Association Supportive Care Cancer. 2024;32(6):374.


Google Scholar 

Zhang L, Wang F, Wan C, Tang J, Qin J. Prognostic nutritional index and the survival of patients with endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis. Reprod Sci. 2024;31(12):3779–94.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Liu X, Duan Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Lv H, Li Q, Qiao N, Meng H, Lan L, Liu X. Predictive value of prognostic nutritional index as prognostic biomarkers in patients with lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-024-03687-y.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Zhong X, Xie Y, Wang H, Chen G, Yang T, Xie J. Values of prognostic nutritional index for predicting Kawasaki disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2024;11: 1305775.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Zhang X, Su Y. Low prognostic nutritional index predicts adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Angiology. 2024;75(4):305–13.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Zhang G, Shen Y, Zhao P, Sun H, Ji Y, Sun L. Relationship between prognostic nutritional index and post-stroke cognitive impairment. Nutr Neurosci. 2024;27(11):1330–40.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Jiang Y, Luo Y, Lin X, Song M, Li J, Zhao J, Li M, Jiang Y, Yin P, et al. Prognostic nutritional index with postoperative complications and 2-year mortality in hip fracture patients: an observational cohort study. Int J Surg. 2023;109(11):3395–406.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

La R, Yin Y, Xu B, Huang J, Zhou L, Xu W, Jiang D, Huang L, Wu Q. Mediating role of depression in linking rheumatoid arthritis to all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality: a prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2024;362:86–95.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

La R, Yin Y, Ding W, He Z, Lu L, Xu B, Jiang D, Huang L, Jiang J, Zhou L, et al. Is inflammation a missing link between relative handgrip strength with hyperlipidemia? Evidence from a large population-based study. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):159.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Wu Q, Yan Y, La R, Zhang X, Lu L, Xie R, Xue Y, Lin C, Xu W, Xu J, et al. Association of reproductive lifespan and age at menopause with depression: data from NHANES 2005–2018. J Affect Disord. 2024;356:519–27.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Xu B, Wu Q, La R, Lu L, Abdu FA, Yin G, Zhang W, Ding W, Ling Y, He Z, et al. Is systemic inflammation a missing link between cardiometabolic index with mortality? Evidence from a large population-based study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):212.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Della Pietra GL, Savio K, Oddone E, Reggiani M, Monaco F, Leone MA. Validity and reliability of the Barthel index administered by telephone. Stroke. 2011;42(7):2077–9.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Tomita Y, Yamamoto N, Inoue T, Ichinose A, Noda T, Kawasaki K, Ozaki T. Preoperative and perioperative factors are related to the early postoperative Barthel index score in patients with trochanteric fracture. Int J Rehabil Res. 2022;45(2):154–60.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Che YJ, Qian Z, Chen Q, Chang R, Xie X, Hao YF. Effects of rehabilitation therapy based on exercise prescription on motor function and complications after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24(1): 817.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Alifu J, Xu B, Tuersun G, Liu L, Xiang L, Mohammed AQ, Zhang W, Yin G, Wang C, Lv X, et al. The prognostic significance of stress hyperglycemia ratio for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in metabolic syndrome patients: prospective cohort study. Acta Diabetol. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02407-w.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Shang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Shen W, Wu Q, Du W. The association between neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and gallstones: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):157.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Xu B, Wu Q, Yin G, Lu L, La R, Zhang Y, Alifu J, Zhang W, Guo F, Ji B, et al. Associations of cardiometabolic index with diabetic statuses and insulin resistance: the mediating role of inflammation-related indicators. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):2736.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Domb BG, Kufta AY, Kingham YE, Sabetian PW, Harris WT, Perez-Padilla PA. Sex-based differences in the arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: 10-year outcomes with a nested propensity-matched comparison. Am J Sports Med. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465241302806.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Tsujio G, Fukuoka T, Sugimoto A, Yonemitsu K, Seki Y, Kasashima H, Miki Y, Yoshii M, Tamura T, Shibutani M, et al. The efficacy of open transanal drainage tube against anastomotic leakage in left-sided colorectal cancer surgery: a propensity score matching study. BMC Surg. 2025;25(1):31.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Shah S, Vanclay F, Cooper B. Improving the sensitivity of the Barthel index for stroke rehabilitation. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42(8):703–9.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Wang E, Liu A, Wang Z, Shang X, Zhang L, Jin Y, Ma Y, Zhang L, Bai T, Song J, et al. The prognostic value of the Barthel index for mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. 2022;10: 978237.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Uchinaka EI, Hanaki T, Morimoto M, Murakami Y, Tomoyuki M, Yamamoto M, Tokuyasu N, Sakamoto T, Hasegawa T, Fujiwara Y. The barthel index for predicting postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery: a prospective single-center study. In Vivo. 2022;36(6):2973–80.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Pan L, Wang H, Cao X, Ning T, Li X, Cao Y. A higher postoperative Barthel index at discharge is associated with a lower one-year mortality after hip fracture surgery for geriatric patients: a retrospective case–control study. Clin Interv Aging. 2023;18:835–43.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Mayoral AP, Ibarz E, Gracia L, Mateo J, Herrera A. The use of Barthel index for the assessment of the functional recovery after osteoporotic hip fracture: one year follow-up. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0212000.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Xing H, Xiang D, Li Y, Ji X, Xie G. Preoperative prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative delirium in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. Psychogeriatrics. 2020;20(4):487–94.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Mi X, Jia Y, Song Y, Liu K, Liu T, Han D, Yang N, Wang G, Guo X, Yuan Y, et al. Preoperative prognostic nutritional index value as a predictive factor for postoperative delirium in older adult patients with hip fractures: a secondary analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):21.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Kim Y, Lee JH, Cho ES, Lee HS, Shin SJ, Park EJ, Baik SH, Lee KY, Kang J. Albumin-myosteatosis gauge as a novel prognostic risk factor in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023;14(2):860–8.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Zheng M. Serum albumin: a pharmacokinetic marker for optimizing treatment outcome of immune checkpoint blockade. J Immunother Cancer. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-005670.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 

Bevers LM, van Faassen EE, Vuong TD, Ni Z, Boer P, Koomans HA, Braam B, Vaziri ND, Joles JA. Low albumin levels increase endothelial NO production and decrease vascular NO sensitivity. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2006;21(12):3443–9.


Google Scholar 

Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, Mikhailidis DP, Manolis AS. Low serum albumin: a neglected predictor in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur J Intern Med. 2022;102:24–39.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

McNurlan MA, Garlick PJ, Frost RA, Decristofaro KA, Lang CH, Steigbigel RT, Fuhrer J, Gelato M. Albumin synthesis and bone collagen formation in human immunodeficiency virus-positive subjects: differential effects of growth hormone administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(9):3050–5.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Ishida K, Sawada N, Yamaguchi M. Expression of albumin in bone tissues and osteoblastic cells: involvement of hormonal regulation. Int J Mol Med. 2004;14(5):891–5.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Bergmann CB, Beckmann N, Salyer CE, Crisologo PA, Nomellini V, Caldwell CC. Lymphocyte immunosuppression and dysfunction contributing to persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). Shock. 2021;55(6):723–41.

PubMed 

Google Scholar 

Li S, Zhang J, Zheng H, Wang X, Liu Z, Sun T. Prognostic role of serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, and Mini nutritional assessment on outcomes after geriatric hip fracture surgery: A Meta-Analysis and systematic review. J Arthroplast. 2019;34(6):1287–96.


Google Scholar 

Thisayakorn P, Thipakorn Y, Tantavisut S, Sirivichayakul S, Maes M. Delirium due to hip fracture is associated with activated immune-inflammatory pathways and a reduction in negative immunoregulatory mechanisms. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):369.

PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar