Competing interests
S.F. reports research support from Abbisko, Antengene, BeiGene, BeyongSpring Pharmaceuticals, BioAtla, Boehringer Ingelheim, CUE Biopharma, DEKA Biosciences, Eli Lilly & Co., Exelixis, Greenfire Bio, Hookipa Biotech, IMV, Innovent Biologics, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, K-Group Beta, Lantern Pharma, Lyvgen Biopharm, MacroGenics, MediLink Therapeutics, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Nerviano Medical Sciences, NeuPharma, NextCure, Ningbo NewBay Technology Development, Novartis, NovoCure, Nykode Therapeutics AS, Parexel International, PharmaMar USA, Pionyr Immunotherapeutics, PureTech Health, Qurgen, Shanghai Huaota Biopharmaceutical, Sellas Life Sciences Group, Soricimed Biopharma, SQZ Biotechnologies, Sumitomo Dainippon, Taiho Oncology, NCCN, Treadwell Therapeutics, Turnstone Biologics, Tyligand Bioscience, and Virogin Biotech. D.S.H. reports research support from AbbVie, Adaptimmune, Adlai-Nortye, Amgen, Astelles, Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, Biomea, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi-Sankyo, Deciphera, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Endeavor, Erasca, F. Hoffmann-LaRoche, Fate Therapeutics, Genentech, Genmab, Immunogenesis, Infinity, Kyowa Kirin, Merck, Mirati, Navier, NCI-CTEP, Novartis, Numab, Pfizer, Pyramid Bio, Revolution Medicine, SeaGen, STCube, Takeda, TCR2, Turning Point Therapeutics, VM Oncology; consulting/speaker/advisory roles for 28Bio, Abbvie, Acuta, Adaptimmune, Alkermes, Alpha Insights, Amgen, Affini-T, Astellas, Aumbiosciences, Axiom, Baxter, Bayer, Boxer Capital, BridgeBio, CARSgen, CLCC, COG, COR2ed, Cowen, Ecor1, EDDC, Erasca, Exelixis, Fate Therapeutics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Genentech, Gennao Bio, Gilead, GLG, Group H, Guidepoint, HCW Precision Oncology, Immunogenesis, Incyte, Inhibrix, InduPro, Janssen, Jounce Therapeutics Inc, Lan-Bio, Liberium, MedaCorp, Medscape, Novartis, Numab, Oncologia Brasil, ORI Capital, Pfizer, Pharma Intelligence, POET Congress, Prime Oncology, Projects in Knowledge, Quanta, RAIN, Ridgeline, Revolution Medicine SeaGen, Stanford, STCube, Takeda, Tavistock, Trieza Therapeutics, T-Knife, Turning Point Therapeutics, WebMD, YingLing Pharma, and Ziopharm; travel support from AACR, ASCO, CLCC, Bayer, Genmab, SITC, and Telperian; and other ownership interests for Molecular Match (advisor), OncoResponse (founder, advisor), and Telperian (founder, advisor). S.A.P.P. reports research funding (to institution) from AbbVie, ABM Therapeutics, Acepodia, Alkermes, Aminex Therapeutics, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squib, Cerulean Pharma, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Curis, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo, Dohme, Eli Lilly, ENB Therapeutics, Epigenetix, Five Prime Therapeutics, F-Star Beta Limited, F-Star Therapeutics, Gene Quantum, Genmab A/S, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Helix BioPharma, Hengrui Pharmaceuticals, HiberCell, Immunomedics, Incyte, Jacobio Pharmaceuticals, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Loxo Oncology, Lytix Biopharma AS, Medimmune, Medivation, Merck Sharp, Nectin Therapeutics, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Nurix, OncoNano Medicine, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Phanes Therapeutics, Principia Biopharma, ProFoundBio US, Puma Biotechnology, Purinomia Biotech, Rapt Therapeutics, Replimune; Roche/Blueprint, Seattle Genetics, Silverback Therapeutics, Shasqi, Synlogic Therapeutics, Taiho Oncology, Tallac Therapeutics, Tesaro, Theradex Oncology, Toragen Therapeutics, TransThera Bio, Xencor, ZielBio; and consulting for CRC Oncology and Lilly USA. A.N. reports research funding from NCI, EMD Serono, MedImmune, Healios Onc. Nutrition, Atterocor/Millendo, Amplimmune, ARMO BioSciences, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Incyte, Novartis, Regeneron, Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, CytomX Therapeutics, Neon Therapeutics, Calithera Biosciences, TopAlliance Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Kymab, PsiOxus, Arcus Biosciences, NeoImmuneTech, Immune-Onc Therapeutics, Surface Oncology, Monopteros Therapeutics, BioNTech SE, Seven & Eight Biopharma, and SOTIO Biotech AG; consulting/advisory board role for CTI, Deka Biosciences, Janssen Biotech, NGM Bio, PsiOxus Therapeutics, Immune-Onc Therapeutics, STCube Pharmaceuticals, OncoSec KEYNOTE-695, Genome & Company, CytomX Therapeutics, Nouscom, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Servier, Lynx Health, AbbVie, and PsiOxus; travel support from ARMO BioSciences, NeoImmuneTech, and NGM Biopharmaceuticals; honoraria from AKH Inc, The Lynx Group, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), Korean Society of Medical Oncology (KSMO), Scripps Cancer Care Symposium, ASCO Direct Oncology Highlights, European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), and CME Outfitters. T.A.Y. reports research support from Artios, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beigene, BioNTech, Blueprint, BMS, Boundless Bio, Clovis, Constellation, CPRIT, Cyteir, Department of Defense, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Exelixis, Forbius, F-Star, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Gilead, Golfers against Cancer, Haihe, Ideaya, ImmuneSensor, Insilico Medicine, Ionis, Ipsen, Jounce, Karyopharm, KSQ, Kyowa, Merck, Mirati, Novartis, NIH/NCI, Pfizer, Pliant, Prelude, Ribon Therapeutics, Regeneron, Repare, Roche, Rubius, Sanofi, Scholar Rock, Seattle Genetics, Synnovation, Tango, Tesaro, V Foundation, Vivace, Zenith, and Zentalis; consulting for AbbVie, Acrivon, Adagene, Almac, Aduro, Amgen, Amphista, Artios, Astex, AstraZeneca, Athena, Atrin, Avenzo, Avoro, Axiom, Baptist Health Systems, Bayer, Beigene, BioCity Pharma, Blueprint, Boxer, BridGene Biosciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, C4 Therapeutics, Calithera, Cancer Research UK, Carrick Therapeutics, Circle Pharma, Clovis, Cybrexa, Daiichi Sankyo, Dark Blue Therapeutics, Debiopharm, Diffusion, Duke Street Bio, 858 Therapeutics, EcoR1 Capital, Ellipses Pharma, EMD Serono, Entos, FoRx Therapeutics AG, F-Star, Genesis Therapeutics, Genmab, Glenmark, GLG, Globe Life Sciences, Grey Wolf Therapeutics, GSK, Guidepoint, Ideaya Biosciences, Idience, Ignyta, I-Mab, ImmuneSensor, Impact Therapeutics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Intellisphere, Jansen, Joint Scientific Committee for Phase I Trials in Hong Kong, Kyn, Kyowa Kirin, MEI pharma, Mereo, Merck, Merit, Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Natera, Nested Therapeutics, Nexys, Nimbus, Novocure, Odyssey Therapeutics, OHSU, OncoSec, Ono Pharma, Onxeo, PanAngium Therapeutics, Pegascy, PER, Pfizer, Piper-Sandler, Pliant Therapeutics, Prelude Therapeutics, Prolynx, Protai Bio, Radiopharma Theranostics, Repare, resTORbio, Roche, Ryvu Therapeutics, SAKK, Sanofi, Schrodinger, Servier, Synnovation, Synthis Therapeutics, Tango, TCG Crossover, TD2, Terremoto Biosciences, Tessellate Bio, Theragnostics, Terns Pharmaceuticals, Thryv Therapeutics, Tolremo, Tome, Trevarx Biomedical, Varian, Veeva, Versant, Vibliome, Voronoi, Xinthera, Zai Labs, and ZielBio; and stock ownership in Seagen. E.E.D. reports research or grant funding from Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Immunocore, Amgen, Aileron Therapeutics, Compugen, TRACON Pharmaceuticals, UnumTherapeutics, Immunomedics, Bolt Therapeutics, Aprea Therapeutics, Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, PMV Pharma, Triumvira Immunologics, Seagen, Mereo BioPharma 5, Sanofi, Rain Oncology, Astex Pharmaceuticals, SOTIO, Poseida Therapeutics, Mersana Therapeutics, Genentech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dragonfly Therapeutics, A2A Pharmaceuticals, Volastra Therapeutics, and AstraZeneca. E.E.D. has consulted for or was on an advisory board of Bolt Therapeutics, Mersana Therapeutics, Orum Therapeutics, Summit Therapeutics, Fate Therapeutics, and PMV Pharma. E.D. has been a speaker for PMV Pharma and has received travel, accommodations, and/or expenses from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Association (LFSA), the Korean Society of Medical Oncology (KSMO), Rain Oncology, the Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Triumvira Immunologics. J.R. reports research funding from 3H Pharmaceuticals; AADI Bioscience, Amgen, AstraZenneca, Beigene, Bicycle Therapeutics, BioAlta, Biotheryx, Blueprint Medicines, Bridgebio Pharma, C4 Therapeutics, Cancer Core Europe, Debio, Fog Pharmaceuticals, ForeBio, FusionPharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Hummingbird, Hutchinson MediPharma, Ideaya, Incyte, Kelun-Biotech, Kinnate, Linnaeus Therapeutics, Loxo Oncology, MapKure, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merus, Mirati, MonteRosa, Novartis, Nuvectis Pharma, Pfizer, Relay, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Scorpion Therapeutics, Storm Therapeutics, Symphogen, Taiho, Tango Therapeutics, Tyra, Vall d’Hebron Institute of and Oncology/Cancer Core Europe, Yingli; consulting/advisory board role for AADI Bioscience, Amgen, Boxer Capital, Bridgebio, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Cogent Biosciences, EcoR1 Capital, Ellipses Pharma, Guidepoint; IONCTURA, Mekanistic, Merus, Molecular Partners, MonteRosa, Sardona, Tang Advisors, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology/Ministero De Empleo Y Seguridad Social; travel support from European Society for Medical Oncology and Loxo Oncology; and other support from Boxer Capital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Guidepoint; Tang Advisors, and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology/Ministero De Empleo Y Seguridad Social. F.M.B. reports consulting for AbbVie, Aduro BioTech Inc., Alkermes, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Calibr (a division of Scripps Research), DebioPharm, Ecor1 Capital, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., GT Apeiron, Genentech Inc., Harbinger Health, IBM Watson, Incyte, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Jackson Laboratory, Kolon Life Science, LegoChem Bio, Lengo Therapeutics, Menarini Group, OrigiMed, PACT Pharma, Parexel International, Pfizer Inc., Protai Bio Ltd., Samsung Bioepis, Seattle Genetics Inc., Tallac Therapeutics, Tyra Biosciences, Xencor, Zymeworks; advisory Committee membership for Black Diamond, Biovica, Eisai, FogPharma, Immunomedics, Inflection Biosciences, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Loxo Oncology, Mersana Therapeutics, OnCusp Therapeutics, Puma Biotechnology Inc., Seattle Genetics, Sanofi, Silverback Therapeutics, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Theratechnologies, Zentalis; Sponsored Research (to the institution) from Aileron Therapeutics Inc. AstraZeneca, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceutical, Calithera Biosciences Inc., Curis Inc., CytomX Therapeutics Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Debiopharm International, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Genentech Inc., Guardant Health Inc., Klus Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Puma Biotechnology Inc., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co.; Honoraria from Dava Oncology; and Other (Travel Related) from European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation, Dava Oncology. A.M.T. reports grants from OBI Pharma, Agenus, Vividion, MacroGenics, AbbVie, Immatics, Novocure, Tachyon, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Tempus, and Tvardi Therapeutics and personal fees from Avstera Therapeutics, BioEclipse, BrYet, Diaccurate, MacroGenics, NEX-I, and Vincerx during the course of the study. S.T.S., M.B. 0042aysal, and J.B. do not have conflicts of interest to disclose.