Strength training after the age of 50 gets a lot of love these days—for good reason. But aerobic exercise—continuous physical activity that increases your heart rate and breathing rate so your heart and blood vessels can work more efficiently—is vital as you age, too.

“Regular aerobic activity helps mitigate risks like cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and bone density loss by improving heart health, managing body composition, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and reducing systemic inflammation,” says Mark Kovacs, Ph.D., C.S.C.S., a human performance scientist and longevity expert.

That’s especially important when you consider that heart disease risk goes up during menopause, according to the American Heart Association, in part due to estrogen levels tapering off. “Estrogen helps keep blood vessels flexible and cholesterol levels in check,” explains Brooke Bussard, M.D., a certified personal trainer and owner of Brooke’s Balanced Blueprint, a lifestyle medicine health coaching practice in Baltimore, MD. “When estrogen drops, regular aerobic exercise helps pick up the slack by keeping your circulatory system healthy.”

In fact, adults at 50 with ideal cardiovascular health are expected to live an additional 36.2 years, on average, while adults with poor cardiovascular health were only expected to live an additional 27.3 years, according to a 2023 study in the journal Circulation.

And you don’t have to run marathons to reap the benefits. Whether you’re starting from scratch or looking to upgrade your routine, these expert-backed aerobic exercise tips will help you move better, feel better, and set you up for healthy years to come.

Just be sure to check with your doctor before starting a new fitness routine, especially if you have high blood pressure or any heart problems, including heart disease. And if you feel off while exercising, get medical help right away.

Meet the experts: Mark Kovacs, Ph.D., C.S.C.S., is a human performance scientist and longevity expert. Brooke Bussard, M.D., is a certified personal trainer and owner of Brooke’s Balanced Blueprint, a lifestyle medicine health coaching practice in Baltimore, MD.

1.Aim for 150 minutes a week—but break it up.

The CDC recommends 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. But “this is a minimum recommendation,” says Kovacs: People who worked out two to four times above the moderate physical activity recommendations (about 300 to 599 minutes each week) saw the most benefit in a 2022 study published in Circulation.

Still, something is better than nothing. “The best plan is the one you can stick with,” says Dr. Bussard, who recommends walking for about 30 minutes five times a week. If three 10-minute dance breaks a day works better for you, that’s cool, too. It all adds up—and workouts of less than 10 minutes still count toward recommended weekly activity goals, according to the CDC.

2. Use the talk test to gauge your intensity.

Not sure if you’re working hard enough for your activity to count as a workout? Try talking. “For heart-healthy aerobic exercise, you should be slightly breathless but still able to hold a conversation,” says Dr. Bussard.

You can also determine intensity using a scale from 1 to 10. “Moderate intensity (like a brisk walk or steady cycling) typically corresponds to a five or six out of 10 on the effort scale,” says Kovacs, “while vigorous aerobic exercise (fast walking uphill or jogging) should feel like a seven to eight out of 10, where talking becomes difficult.”

3. Start with low-impact activities.

Cycling, elliptical training, swimming, or walking on an incline are all joint-friendly ways to raise your heart rate. “These options reduce joint stress, which is critical as cartilage, tendons, and ligaments may become less resilient with age,” says Kovacs.

But “low-impact doesn’t mean low-intensity,” says Dr. Bussard. “You can absolutely work up a sweat and challenge your heart and lungs without pounding your joints.” Just pay attention to the effort you’re exerting in the moment, and aim to hit that five out of 10.

4. Pick up the pace occasionally.

“Adding short bursts of faster-paced intervals to your aerobic routine boosts the benefits,” says Dr. Bussard, as long as you’re cleared by your doctor to work harder. Recent research in the journal Lipids in Health and Disease shows that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and overall fitness—“all areas that can decline during menopause,” she adds.

This kind of training is considered vigorous activity, so you don’t need as much of it: Just two HIIT sessions per week (with a total training time of 20 minutes per workout) improved working memory and lower-body muscle function more than moderate-intensity continuous cycling, and boosted cardiorespiratory fitness just as much, according to a 2023

study published in The Journals of Gerontology.

5. Mix it up to keep it interesting.

Boredom is the enemy of consistency. Try different types of cardio—like hiking, aqua aerobics, Zumba, or even pickleball. “Varying modalities challenges different muscle groups, reduces overuse injury risk, and improves neuromuscular coordination,” says Kovacs. “It also helps sustain motivation and supports functional aging by preparing the body for a wider range of physical challenges.”

6. Monitor your recovery time.

As you age, your body may take longer to bounce back. “Recovery between workouts often takes longer due to a combination of physiological changes,” says Kovacs. “These include slower muscle protein synthesis, reduced hormone levels (like estrogen and growth hormone), and less efficient mitochondrial function—all of which contribute to slower tissue repair and reduced energy availability.”

Make sure to allow 48 to 72 hours of muscle recovery between higher-intensity sessions, and prioritize adequate sleep, sufficient nutrition, and active recovery, like gentle walking or mobility work. And listen to your body; if you feel wiped out for days, scale back and allow more rest between sessions.

7. Don’t skip the warm-up.

Older muscles and joints need more prep. “As estrogen drops, tendons and ligaments get stiffer, so warming up is more important than ever to prevent injuries,” says Dr. Bussard. “A good warm-up should move your joints through a full range of motion and activate your major muscles.” Try inchworms to runner’s lunge with a twist, bodyweight squats with overhead reaches, and side-to-side lunges—just five to 10 minutes can prime your body for exercise.

8. Pair cardio with strength.

Women over 50 benefit most when they combine cardio and strength training, as both play essential but distinct roles in healthy aging. “Aerobic exercise keeps your heart healthy, but you need strength training to keep your muscles and bones strong,” says Dr. Bussard. “Combined, they form the foundation of long-term healthspan and mobility,” says Kovacs.

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