Not a new concept, just reinvented.
Oral nicotine pouches are quickly gaining popularity in the U.S. These small pouches sit between the gum and lip and are marketed as a clean, “tobacco-free” alternative to smoking or vaping. They do not produce smoke or vapor, which makes them seem less risky, but their growing popularity among youth is raising concern among public health professionals.
While the product feels new, oral nicotine use is not. Traditional smokeless tobacco products like chew and dip have been around for centuries. What has changed is how discreet nicotine pouches are. Unlike dip – which contains tobacco leaf, requires spitting and is noticeable to others – nicotine pouches are tobacco-free, spit-free and very easy to hide. This level of concealment is one of the main reasons youth are drawn to them.
Recent data shows a sharp increase in adolescent use. In 2024, the Centers for Disease Control reported roughly 480,000 youth reported using nicotine pouches, making them the second most used tobacco product after e-cigarettes. Among high school students, usage rose to 2.4%, while middle school use was 1.0%. Even among teens who have never used tobacco, 15.6% expressed interest in trying pouches, suggesting these products may attract new users rather than just existing tobacco users.
Experts say youth are drawn to oral nicotine pouches because they offer:
Discreet use. Smokeless and odorless, pouches are easy to hide.
Flavors. Mint, fruit and sweetened varieties appeal to younger users.
Perceived safety. Many teens mistakenly believe pouches are harmless because they don’t involve smoke or vapor.
Despite marketing claims, oral nicotine pouches are not risk-free. Nicotine can harm brain development into the mid-20s, and early exposure increases addiction risk. Other concerns include gum irritation, cancer, accidental ingestion among young children, and the potential for pouches to serve as a gateway to vaping, smoking and other drugs. A recent study found accidental ingestion of nicotine pouches by children under six increased 763% between 2020 and 2023, and these cases were more likely to result in serious medical outcomes than other nicotine products.
The rise in oral nicotine pouch use threatens the progress made in youth nicotine prevention. Continued education, research and public health efforts are essential to protect young people from addiction. Programs like 4-H Health Rocks! help ensure youth have the research-based information and support they need to navigate these evolving trends safely.
To contact someone about the Health Rocks! program, email piconeal@msu.edu. Visit the 4-H Healthy Youth website to learn more about 4-H healthy living programs for youth. Connect with Michigan State University Extension in your community by contacting your county MSU Extension office.
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